教师职前培养的问题与对策

教师专业发展由职前培养、资格任用和在职培训三个阶段组成。职前培养是教师专业发展的起始阶段，对其今后的专业成长有着至关重要的影响。针对当前我国教师职前培养存在的问题，借鉴国外成功经验，提出相应的对策和建议。     

Strategies of Number Sense in Pre-service Secondary Mathematics Teachers

This paper presents some results of an investigation on the number sense of a group of pre-service secondary teachers from Spain. The objective of this research was to analyze students’ use of strategies associated to number sense and compare them with those obtained in a previous study with pre-service primary teachers in Taiwan, (Yang, Reys & Reys, International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 7, 383–403, 2009). Pre-service secondary teachers showed lower success than pre-service primary teachers in a number sense test. Nevertheless, these last based their reasoning mainly on rules and algorithms, while pre-service secondary teachers used more strategies of number sense. In an attempt to delve into the low success shown by of Spanish pre-service secondary teachers, some students were interviewed. Those interviews showed that a deeper work on number sense in the training of these students is needed.     

职前体育教师学科教学知识发展策略

从学科教学知识概念入手,分析体育学科教学知识的含义、特征,追溯发展来源,提出在职前教育阶实施教学理论课、实践课模块式教学、课后总结纳入学分管理、延长教育实习时间并丰富教育实习形式、合理整合体育教师队伍结构等策略,发展职前体育教师的学科教学知识.     

幼儿教师职前语言能力建构策略

幼儿教师职前语言能力建构是职前培养的重要内容,目前存在着诸多不尽如人意的地方,水平参差不齐。本文根据现状调查,从语言自觉意识和语言表达能力两个方面总结现状,并从教学时空限制、教学重心设置以及教学团队建设等几方面分析成因,从科学准确进行课程定位、修改人才培养方案、完善课程标准、改变教学方式等七个方面提出了幼儿教师职前语言能力建构策略,希望借此改变现状。     

Number Sense Strategies Used by Pre-Service Teachers in Taiwan

This study examined number sense strategies and misconceptions of 280 Taiwanese pre-service elementary teachers who responded to a series of real-life problems. About one-fifth of the pre-service teachers applied number sense-based strategies (such as using benchmarks appropriately or recognizing the number magnitude) while a majority of pre-service teachers relied on rule-based methods. This finding is consistent with earlier studies in Taiwan that fifth, sixth, and eighth grade students tended to rely heavily on written methods rather than using number sense-based strategies. This study documents that the performance of pre-service elementary teachers on number sense is low. If we want to improve elementary students’ knowledge and use of number sense, then action should be taken to improve the level of their future teachers’ number sense.     

基于实践的职前教师知识学习与培养策略

教师知识分为理论知识和实践知识两大类。基于理论知识的实践特性和实践知识的实践表现,教师知识更具实践特性。基于实践的职前教师知识学习策略:自我信念的反思和内化,教育教学知识的理解和感悟,行动中的震惊和领悟。基于实践的职前教师知识培养策略:基于叙事研究的自我信念形成,基于案例分析的教育教学知识建构,基于项目任务的实践知识内化与提升。     

Assessment Outcomes of Pre-service Teachers

As a response to the shortage of credentialed teachers in California, a four-year major called Urban Learning (ULRN), combining both the undergraduate and a teaching credential program was developed by professors at the Charter College of Education at California State University, Los Angeles. The assessment results of the program after its first two-year pilot period showed that ULRN students (N=153) exhibited higher motivation to learn and tended to take fuller course loads as compared to other undergraduate students at the university. This was attributed to faculty collaboration and cohort modeling of the program. Compared to students in the regular credential programs, ULRN students were more likely to remain enrolled in their program and more likely to complete the program and graduate sooner. This blended program as a whole including the assessment course appeared to have help pre-service teachers become competent as teachers. This blended program with its structure emphasizing efficiency and effectiveness was comparatively successful.     

高校教师岗前培训再论

岗前培训是新补充的高校教师任教前的职前培训,是高校教师有组织地获取教育专业知识的重要途径,实践证明它是提高教师队伍整体素质的一个重要方面。但岗前培训还有诸多认识上和政策上的不完善之处,如培训目的和定位问题、师范院校毕业生免修问题、与教师资格制度的关系问题、与教师专业化的问题等,需要进一步提高认识,也期待教育行政部门的推进。     

Pre-service Teachers Perspectives of Google Expedition

Early Childhood Education Journal - This article explores pre-service teachers' personal experiences as they implemented immersive virtual reality using Google Expedition during a summer STEM...     

美国社区学院学前教师职前培养模式:背景、现状及策略

美国社区学院在普及高等教育方面发挥着重要作用,社区学院作为学前教师职业培养的主要机构之一,包含特定岗位学前教育工作者、应用类副学士学位学前教师、转学类副学士学位学前教师三种主要的职前培养类型。此外还有学士学位、学士后/选择性教师证书制与专业发展等其他职前培养类型。现阶段,社区学院在学前教师职前培养过程中面临着接受教育不稳定、课程设置存在差异、转学困难等挑战。基于此,美国各州开始重视提升社区学院应用型副学士学位课程的质量,如增加授课的灵活性、采用新的教学模式、丰富课程设置形式;并增加社区学院转学类副学士学位课程的设置,如使用“递进式”证书体系、加强转学制度的清晰度、采用“先前学习学分”制度等。我国在学前教师职前培养方面可以采取优化学前教师职前培养模式、推动中等师范学校转型发展和完善现有专升本制度等手段。     

Historiographical Capacity of Pre-service History Teachers in Turkey

The purpose of this study is to determine how well the Turkish pre-service history teachers in a state university＇s teacher certification program for history majors create the historiographical papers. By doing so, the aim is to elicit the present state which can be drawn on by future research. Document analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research methodologies, has been used to analyze the data. Historical texts of seven pre-service history teachers were analyzed according to some historical essays check-list developed by the researchers. At the end of the study, it was concluded that pre-service history teachers do not thoroughly follow the criteria used to write a historiographical paper. Suggestions have been offered to improve writing skills of the pre-service history teachers.     

AHA Moments of Science and Mathematics Pre-service Teachers

This research study explored pre-service teachers' (PST) reflections of their student teaching experiences through AHA moments. Participants included 37 pre-service teachers enrolled in mathematics and science student teaching seminars. Qualitative methods were used to analyze PSTs' written and verbal responses to questions regarding AHA experiences. Four themes emerged related to PSTs' AHA moments: a greater awareness of PSTs' identity as teachers, the importance of knowing their students, the realization of inconsistencies in their own and their students' beliefs, and the importance of anticipating students' misconceptions. The potential for using an AHA moment assignment, as presented here, appears to support reflection among PSTs; however, it is not clear these PSTs used judgments and analysis, both integral elements of the reflective process.     

教育实习模式对英语职前教师的影响分析

教育实习是提升师范生教师技能的重要手段,教育实习的模式可以多种多样,顶岗实习、就近实习、培训学习、自主实习都是教育实习的有效模式。师范生应结合自身特点、职业规划,选择能够切实提升自身实践能力的实习方式。     

Beliefs about Language Learning Held by Pre-service Teachers:A case study

Language learning beliefs play a very important role in influencing learners’ attitudes,motivations and also shape their experiences and actions in classroom.Successful learners develop insightful beliefs about language learning process,their own abilities and the use of effective strategies.However language learning beliefs can be different because of individual learner differences and contextual diversity.This study aimed at exploring beliefs about language learning held by pre-service teachers.159 pre-service teachers majoring in English at Qianan Normal College for Nationalities participated in the study.A 34-item questionnaire adapted from Horwitz’s(1987) BALLI was used to collect the data.The results were reported and discussed from the following five aspects:1) beliefs about foreign language aptitude,2) beliefs about difficulty of language learning,3) beliefs about nature of language learning,4) beliefs about learning and communication strategies,and 5) beliefs about motivation and expectations.Suggestions on pedagogical implications and for future research were also indicated.     

Framing Quality: Annotated Video-Based Portfolios of Classroom Practice by Pre-service Teachers

In this paper we describe the use of peer learning teams creating annotated video-based portfolios to improve the quality of teacher–child interactions of undergraduate majors in early childhood and family studies. We used the intentional teaching framework (Hamre et al. in Handbook of early education. Guilford Publications, New York, 2012a) to create a course that moved students through the process of “knowing,” “seeing,” “doing,” and “reflecting & improving.” Forty-four undergraduate early childhood students formed eleven peer learning teams of four. We started the course by teaching the teacher–child interaction skills that are considered to be high-quality and linked to positive child outcomes (knowing). After learning to reliably identify (seeing) high quality instruction using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System, the students created video portfolios featuring their own adult-child interactions (doing). These portfolios, featuring short salient examples of six different dimensions of quality instruction, were posted to a website and shared with their peer learning team. Each team member then commented on the extent to which she or he believed the students’ example was high quality. The portfolios and the peer coaching learning team (PCLT) process have improved our ability to document change in interactions as well as the students’ abilities to see their own growth (reflecting & improving). Further, it allows us to tighten the connection between course content and practical application as well as providing us with an alternative to on-site supervision of practicum students, which can be challenging due to budget constraints. Finally, we hope that sharing this activity will encourage others to integrate video-based technology into their coursework as a means to demonstrate positive change in students’ learning.     

我国反思型教师职前培养的对策

反思型教师的职前培养是新课程改革和发展的要求。我国反思型教师职前培养应采取如下对策：强化职前教师自主发展意识和反思意识;合理设计职前教师教育类课程;加强职前教师实践知识的积累与获得;注重职前教师反思人格的塑造与培养。     

论大学教师的职前培养体制

根据大学教师职前培养现状以及大学教师职业特性,可以将大学教师的职前培养体制分成三种模式:纯粹的学科专业型、学科专业主导型、学科专业与教学专业并重型。学科专业主导型模式既遵循了大学教师的成长规律,也兼顾了大学教师培养与成长的实际,是当前大学教师职前培养体制的理想选择。     

用代数余子式推广cramer法则

本文用代数余子式表述cramer法则并由此得到一个关于n维向量的线性方程组的求解法则,使cramer法则成为其特例.     

教育类课程对职前数学教师作用欠佳的归因调查

教育类课程对职前数学教师教学知识的发展作用欠佳的原因是多方面的,既有教育类课程内容方面的原因,也有职前数学教师自身的原因,此外教授职前教育课程的教师的专业能力、教学方法也是不可忽视的原因.