Critical Thinking and Science Education

It is widely held that developing critical thinking is one of thegoals of science education. Although there is much valuable work in the area, the field lacksa coherent and defensible conception of critical thinking. As a result, many efforts to foster criticalthinking in science rest on misconceptions about the nature of critical thinking. This paper examines some of themisconceptions, in particular the characterization of critical thinking in terms of processes orskills and the separation of critical thinking and knowledge. It offers a more philosophically sound and justifiableconception of critical thinking, and demonstrates how this conception could be used to ground scienceeducation practice.     

基于批判性思维的信息素养教育

批判性思维在信息素养中有着极其重要的作用,这种作用表现为分析与评价信息的清晰性与正确性、准确性与相关性、广度与深度、含义与重要性以及信息的道德合法使用等,并最终做出指导信仰与行动的判断.因此培养学生信息素养的一个关键是发展他们的批判性思维,向每一个学生提供的应该是基于批判性思维的信息素养教育,这种教育促使学生把批判性思维应用到他们熟悉与关切的现实生活中去.     

现代物理教育应大力培养学生科学思维方法

高中物理教学实施素质教育的目标是培养具有较高的科学素养的人才,主要体现在培养多方面的能力上,比如观察和实验能力,归纳和演绎、类比和推理的能力,创新能力,使用工具、查阅资料的能力等.在诸多能力的培养中,创新能力是核心,而创新能力的培养关键是科学思维方法的教育.而实施物理科学思维方法教育要求教师具备较高的科学素养,能够挖掘教材中隐含的科学思想方法教育的素材,构建高中物理方法教育体系的框架.     

系统科学 思维科学 教育科学

本文从我国基础教育实际出发,主张充分发扬东方人特有的整体思维优势将系统科学、思维科学特别是复杂性科学引入到教育领域中来．以系统的眼光、整体视野对智能开发与人才培养进行系统研究,整体开发,全面培养,综合创新,使教育能按照科学发展观的要求实现科学育人的目的。     

Philosophy of Science,Critical Thinking and Science Education

In this article I explore a case for the inclusion of some aspects of critical thinking and of philosophy of science within science education that appeals to two commonly accepted aims of science education. Although motivated by reading Harvey Siegel's Educating Reason (1988), and emerging from his discussion there, the aspects I explore go beyond that discussion.     

论科学教育与教师科学素质的培养

在高等学校开展加强文化素质教育活动,全面推进素质教育,是上世纪末我国高等教育领域的一项重大改革。高等师范教育阶段是学生与科学技术联系较为密切的阶段,在此过程中若多方面加强对学生的科学精神、科学方法、科学思维、科学知识等方面的教育与培养,对形成教师理想人格特征及教师素质全面发展具有重要意义,是提高教师科学素质的根本保证。     

关于社区科普教育与公民科学素质培养的思考

文章通过对我国公民科学素质水平和对社区科普教育活动的分析,探究社区科普教育对培养公民科学素质的意义和作用,并在此基础上提出促进社区科普教育发展的建议和策略,希望能对广大社区科普教育工作者有些许帮助。     

谈教学中学生思维批判性的培养

数学思维的批判性品质是数学思维过程中自我意识作用的结果 ,是通过自我意识系统的监控 ,实现人脑对数学信息的输入、加工、贮存、输出的控制 ,从而及时调节修正思维的过程、内容和手段。思维缺乏批判性是许多学生的思维现状之一 ,常表现为在数学实践活动中 ,对信息、材料的处理不能做到去粗取精、去伪存真。本文拟从三个方面来说明如何培养学生思维的批判性。1　通过概念辨误 ,培养学生思维的批判性概念教学中 ,经常会遇到学生对概念理解不深、不透、不全面 ,概念掌握似是而非 ,模棱两可 ,造成解题时“偷梁换柱” ,以偏概全。为此 ,教师应…     

Philosophy in Primary Schools: Fostering Thinking Skills and Literacy

We read for many reasons and this paper focuses on one of those – reading for thinking. It reports on the Philosophy in Primary Schools project and argues that one of the best ways teachers can add value to their work in literacy is by incorporating philosophical discussion with children through an approach called Stories for Thinking. It outlines what ‘philosophy for children’ is and how it can be used for developing the thinking skills that underpin literacy and higher order reading skills. It argues that a Stories for Thinking approach can enrich thinking and learning in the literacy hour, and uses evidence from teachers and children to illustrate the effects of the programme on classroom practice and on raising levels of pupil achievement     

科学素养:当代科学教育改革的主旋律

在现代社会里,每一个人都有很多有关个人和社会的事务需要应用科学知识、科学方法和科学的世界观作出适当的决策。因此,具备良好科学素养的人在今天科学技术起主导作用的社会里生活起来可以更应对自如。传统的、重视学科结构和英才培养的科学教育理念,已不能适应现代社会发展的需要。目前,世界上很多国家都把培养学生的科学素养作为科学教育改革的主旋律。     

美国中小学信息素养教育

在美国,信息素养这一概念是从图书馆检索技能发展和演变过来的。 1986年发表的一篇名为“教育学生思考:学校图书馆媒体项目的地位”的论文指出了图书馆的地位和基础教育中信息资源的作用。     

开展科学小课题研究培养学生的科学素养

在小学五、六年级学生中开展科学小课题研究活动，促使学生不断提出问题、分析问题、解决问题，有利于培养学生的创新精神和实践能力，逐步形成一定的科学素质与人文素养。     

Media Literacy in Support of Critical Thinking

One of the main aims of the Education agenda in the last decade has been to develop critical thinking (C. T.) in children, in order to educate them to be active, involved citizens in democratic society. Different Media Literacy (M.L.) studies explore C.T. towards media texts by cultivating the pupils’ ability to respond critically to both surface and underlying media messages. This paper discusses partial results of a research study designed to examine the support provided by an M.L. program in the development of C.T. of pupils aged 10‐12 years in northern Israel. The resulting data demonstrate that M.L. programmatic intervention and its long‐term cumulative effect were two important factors underlying the significant differences found among the test groups. An interesting variable was also found which explained the superior results of the low achievements pupils (as evaluated by their teachers) compared with the less pronounced gains found among the high achievement pupils. Finally the paper asks theoretical questions about the extent to which a young critical thinker is capable of skeptical reflection towards media texts.     

高中物理模型教学与学生批判性思维的培养

根据物理模型的特点、高中生的思维发展阶段特征和批判性思维的培养内容,教师应采用适当的教学方法,充分发挥物理模型的教育功能,这样才能有效地培养学生的批判性思维能力.     

科学素养: 学前科学教育的课程目标

学前科学教育应将培养幼儿的科学素养作为课程总目标。幼儿的科学素养主要体现在知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观三个方面。学前科学教育应致力于培养幼儿的科学态度、科学行为与习惯。     

Science,Society, and Scientific Literacy

Science & Education -     

Redesigning a General Education Science Course to Promote Critical Thinking

Recent studies question the effectiveness of a traditional university curriculum in helping students improve their critical thinking and scientific literacy. We developed an introductory, general education (gen ed) science course to overcome both deficiencies. The course, titled Foundations of Science, differs from most gen ed science offerings in that it is interdisciplinary; emphasizes the nature of science along with, rather than primarily, the findings of science; incorporates case studies, such as the vaccine-autism controversy; teaches the basics of argumentation and logical fallacies; contrasts science with pseudoscience; and addresses psychological factors that might otherwise lead students to reject scientific ideas they find uncomfortable. Using a pretest versus posttest design, we show that students who completed the experimental course significantly improved their critical-thinking skills and were more willing to engage scientific theories the general public finds controversial (e.g., evolution), while students who completed a traditional gen ed science course did not. Our results demonstrate that a gen ed science course emphasizing the process and application of science rather than just scientific facts can lead to improved critical thinking and scientific literacy.     

浅谈中学生物课程教学对学生科学素养的培养

在我国的基础教育中，课堂教育依然是教学的主阵地。因此，优化课堂教学过程就成为培养科学素养的主渠道。在教学实践中，笔者对生物课堂教学如何加强学生科学素养的培养进行了一些初步的探索。下面以“鲫鱼的外形”一节教学为例，谈谈一些具体的做法和体会。