日、美会计教育目标及其启示

会计人才的培养主要依赖于教育,而会计教育目标的确定将会影响会计人才的培养。借鉴日、美会计教育的经验,我国会计教育目标应为：大、中专主要培养从事实务操作的专才,大学本科、硕士、博士和博士后应培养通才。大学本科教育应以实务为主,兼顾科研;硕士研究生会计教育以实务、科研为主,培养应用型和学术型人才;博士及博士后会计教育以科研为主,培养学术型人才。     

Portraits of PBL: Course objectives and students' study strategies in computer engineering,psychology and physiotherapy

The central theme of the investigation concerns therole of course objectives in relation to students'study strategies in problem-based learning (PBL). Theresults comprise data from three different PBLprogrammes at Linköpings Universitet; a Bachelor'sprogramme in physiotherapy, a Master's programme inpsychology, and a Master's programme in ComputerEngineering, respectively. In all three programmes,the faculty provides course objectives with theintention that these should function as a supportivestructure and guide for the students' independentstudies. The results show that the objectives wereused differently in the different programmes; as anintegrated tool in the learning process, as anadministrative schedule or as aretroactive checklist, respectively. Thestudents' use of the course objectives in the learningprocess varied according to how the objectives wereformulated and conceived. The relationship between theformat of objectives provided by the faculty and howstudents deal with them in the learning process couldalso denote fragments of the different educationalcultures within the three programmes and how themeaning of problem-based learning is interpreted.     

标点符号在英语单项填空题设计中的运用

标点符号是书面语中意义表达的重要手段,在语言测试中也起着非常关键的作用。本文通过具体实例(主要来源于NMET)阐述了如何将标点符号用于英语单项填空题设计中。     

促进多元智能发展的武术课程模式设计研究与实践

基于霍华德.加德纳博士的多元智能理论和相关的智能教学专著,结合高校武术教学现状、个体优势智能及学生智能特点,按照完整教学模式结构要求,设计多元智能教学模式。采用单盲教学试验,结果表明,与普通组相比,试验组学生各项智能都具有显著差异性(P<0.05),即多元智能教学模式能够能有效地激发学生的学习兴趣,提高教学质量。     

多元智力理论对我国成人教育课程开发的启示

多元智力论对我国的成人教育课程开发具有重要启示意义。本文对多元智力理论进行了简要介绍,分析了我国成人教育课程开发面临的主要问题基础上,阐述了多元智力理论对我国成人教育课程开发的启示:成人教育的课程目标要着眼于全员发展;课程设置要关注差异、以人为本;选择多元化与个性化相结合的课程内容;情境化的课程实施;制定科学的成人教育课程评价体系。     

多工况约束下客车质量优化研究

应用单元应变能密度灵敏度和识别要修改单元的无量纲混合测度的概念,研究了多工况约束下的客车质量优化,简化了优化过程,避免了"载荷病态".工程算例表明,该优化方法是有效的.     

对几道有机化学反应式写法的辨析

依据化学反应历程对几种不同教科书中的烯烃与卤素加成、氢化铝锂或硼氢化钠还原醛酮、卤仿反应的相关习题进行科学的辨析,对如何得出准确、规范和严谨的答案进行探讨.     

中外课程改革之比较

近年来中外学者对课程改革的动因、条件、过程、模式等方面的问题进行了研究,通过中外课程改革研究的比较,提出如何借鉴国外课程理论、我国课程改革理论框架与模式构建等一些值得深思的问题,为我国课程改革研究提供参考。     

多元智力理论应用于多媒体外语教学的探讨

文章主要介绍了美国哈佛大学心理学教授加德纳博士(Gardner)在对人类潜能研究的基础上提出的多元智力理论,该理论为我们更好地理解外语学习者的个体差异,认识外语教学,特别是为多媒体外语教学提供了一个崭新的视角。多媒体外语教学能更好地满足不同智力特点的学习者的发展需要。同时,文章还针对多媒体网络教学存在的一些问题提出了相应的解决措施。     

固体酸催化剂在酯化反应中的应用

固体酸包括杂多酸、沸石型分子筛、固体超强酸、金属氧化物及阳离子交换树脂等，具有很强的酸性。它作为一类新型催化剂材料替代浓硫酸催化合成酯类物质，具有易分离，可再利用及不腐蚀设备等优点，且反应活性和选择性都很高。     

Genetic algorithm and its application to absorbing coating optimization

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浅议如何提高结构优化设计的效率

介绍结构优化设计的一般过程,指出了影响结构优化设计效率的主要因素,并有针对性地提出了改进措施,从而提高结构优化设计的效率.     

多元智能理论的评价观及其对我国幼儿发展评价的启示

多元智能理论是一种全新的有关人类智能结构的理论。其评价观及其对我国幼儿发展评价的启示是：评价要以帮助幼儿发展为主要目的;评价内容和评价标准应多元化;评价是情境化的,是幼儿学习情境的一部分。     

A cross-layer design approach on spectrum allocation and resource scheduling in cognitive PMP networks

We propose the spectrum allocation and resource scheduling algorithms in cognitive point to multipoint （PMP） networks with rapid changes of spectrum opportunities and present a media access control （MAC） protocol based on these algorithms. The objective of spectrum allocation is to make efficient use of the spectrum while maintaining the transceiver synchronization on frequency and time in the network. The objective of resource scheduling is to guarantee the quality of service （QoS） requirements of different kinds of connections and to minimize the total energy consumption in the network as well. By sensing only a small set of possible channels in each slot based on the state transition probability of each channel, our spectrum allocation algorithm achieves high spectrum efficiency in the network. The resource scheduling problem is divided into three sub problems and we derive optimal solutions to these problems by greedy algorithm and convex optimization. The simulation results show that our algorithm can make efficient use of the spectrum and the network resources at a cost of low computational complexity.     

A pooled-neighbor swarm intelligence approach to optimal reactive power dispatch

INTRODUCTION The reactive power dispatch is aimed at mini- mizing the active power loss in the transmission network by allocating the reactive power generation under several security constraints. The reactive power dispatch problem has significant influence on secure and economic operation of power systems. The reac- tive power generation affects the overall generation cost via transmission loss. A procedure which allo- cates the reactive power generation so as to minimize the transmissio…     

支架式教学模式在英语翻译课中的应用

支架式教学是近二三十年来国外流行的教学模式．它在处理“教”与“学”二者之间的关系方面提出了富有创造性的见解。本文旨在探讨支架式教学在英语翻译课教学中的应用,优化教学过程,提高教学效果和学生的翻译能力,更好地为国家和社会培养高水平高素质的翻译人才。     

温度对马铃薯加工废液粘滞系数和泡沫安全性影响的试验研究

在试验的基础上,认为马铃薯加工废液粘滞系数的升温和降温变化特性有显著不同,与其中含有的蛋白质和淀粉等有机质产生了不可逆的特性变化有关,在有机物特性变化最剧烈的温度区间内,其形成的泡沫最不稳定,安全性最差。     

在废水处理过程中基于过程分析技术的多重响应优化

研究目的：基于过程分析技术框架,优化家禽业的废水处理工艺的性能。研究方法：生产商主要关注浊度和污泥容积指数（SVI）这两个响应。首先为每个响应建立移动平均（MA）和移动范围（MR）控制图,并在实验工作中重复两次3。全因子设计。基于模糊目标规划建立加权相加模型,并用于确定最佳的因子设置组合。最后,在最佳的因子设置组合条件下,对实验结果进行跟踪确认。重要结论：在絮凝剂为18mg／L、凝结剂为40．0mg／L和pH=4．0的最佳工艺条件下,得到的浊度和污泥体积指数的最佳值分别为6．184NTU和73．21ml／g。在此条件下得到的浊度和污泥沉降指数能够满足设计要求,它们的过程变异性分别显著下降了41．22％和77．75％,且多重能力指数从1．95显著增加至10．6。这表明此过程可行性很高。总之,加权相加模型是一种用于优化多个响应流程性能的有效技术,并且可以考虑工程师的首选设置流程。     

A constructivist approach to studying the bullwhip effect by simulating the supply chain

The Cider Game is a simulator for a supply chain-related learning environment. Its main feature is that it provides support to students in the constructivist discovery process when learning how to make logistics decisions, at the same time as noting the occurrence of the bullwhip phenomenon. This learning environment seeks a balance between direct instruction in the learning process on the part of the tutor, and a suitable and sufficient degree of freedom to regulate independent learning on the part of students. This article describes the basic learning mechanisms using the Cider Game and the graphical learning environments that it provides. We describe the functionality provided by this application, and analyse the effect over the rational understanding of the bullwhip phenomenon by the students and whether they are able to make decisions to minimise its impact, studying the differences when that decision-making learning is done individually or in groups.     

运用建构主义学习理论创建外语教学新理念

建构主义强调以学习者为中心,把“情境”、“协作”、“会话”、“意义建构作为学习环境中的四大要素。强调学习环境中的情境必须有利于学习者建构意义的情境创设,使学习者真正进入教学的真实情境。通过学习者的协作、对学习资料的搜索与分析探究,提出问题、提出设想和进行验证,发现规律以及对某些学习成果的评价。创建的新型外语课堂教学模式将是改变过去那种过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授而忽视学生实际语言能力培养的状况。教师的职责是对学生创造性的培养,教学的重心是“学会学习”。要培养学生的批判意识和怀疑意识,鼓励学生对书本的质疑和对教师的超越,赞赏学生独特性和富有个性的理解和表达。