贝尔纳与中国

贝尔纳是英国著名科学家、科学学的开创者和奠基人。本文通过查阅相关文献档案,对贝尔纳与中国官方及学者的交往进行了初步梳理,试图描绘这位科学圣人在中国科学文化中的形象。贝尔纳的《科学的社会功能》于1939年出版,很快即被我国学者如竺可桢等了解并引用。贝尔纳于1954年和1959年两次访华参加国庆庆典,并受到当时国家领导人的接见。在与相关人员的交流中,他知无不言地为我国科学发展提供帮助,是中国人民忠实的朋友。但之后由于复杂的国际政治原因,贝尔纳与中国的交往受到阻碍,他没有获得和李约瑟一样的待遇。     

论福斯特“马克思生态学”的生态政治哲学思想

马克思生态学是西方生态学马克思主义的主要思潮之一。作为马克思生态学的创始人,福斯特不仅对马克思生态唯物主义世界观和唯物主义自然观进行了阐释,建构起生态唯物主义的分析方法,而且以此为基础展开了对资本主义的生态批判,力图寻找解决生态危机的出路。重要的是,福斯特的生态政治哲学思想丰富和发展了马克思的异化理论。     

Looking at J.B.S. Haldane

J.B.S. Haldane's photographs reveal that this eminent geneticist was also a militant political agitator. Deeply engaged in left-wing British politics, Haldane eventually joined the Communist party, but found it increasingly difficult to reconcile his scientific beliefs with his Marxist commitments. During the controversy over Stalin's rejection of genetics in favour of Trofim Lysenko's agricultural reforms, Haldane's activities were critically interpreted from various different perspectives.     

美国布罗迪事件始末及其启示

通过对研究诚信办公室的设立以及它对布罗迪事件的处理等进行具体的考察,了解美国在治理学术不端行为方面构建了比较健全的体制机制,形成了比较成熟的方式方法,调查和处理过程周密而又严谨,强调诚信和尊重人权,高校能够主动地承担责任和发挥应有的作用。美国的经验具有重要的现实意义,值得我们在进一步加强学术道德建设中充分借鉴。     

霍尔丹与《代达罗斯》（二）

前文已对霍尔丹的身世和早年教育,他在生物科学领域的贡献,以及《代达罗斯》的内容及其引起的若干争论作了介绍和评述。在这一部分里,笔者将更多地关注《代达罗斯》在文化和伦理层面的意义;也将由此进入霍尔丹的精神世界,讨论他的政治立场和他所倾心的意识形态,以及这些同20世纪英国社会与国际局势变迁的关系;最后,笔者将根据手头掌握的一些零散材料,尝试摹画霍尔丹这位人物在中国政治与文化舞台上的投影。     

霍尔丹与《代达罗斯》（一）

1923年英国遗传学家霍尔丹以《代达罗斯》为题发表了一篇演讲,对科学特别是生命科学的未来发展作了许多大胆预言,尽管其中有些内容,如合成食物、生态灾难、优生控制与体外胚胎,在当时显得耸人听闻而遭致责难,他的多数预测后来都成为现实。本文是第一篇以中文写成的有关霍尔丹的较为详细的评传,涉及他的生平、家世、时代、思想背景、政治立场与科学成就。作者也对《代达罗斯》的内容、意义和影响进行了分析,目的在于唤起公众对科学与社会及伦理关系的注意;又根据一些新近收集到的资料,对中国人所认识的霍尔丹这一题材进行了初步的梳理。     

苍山蕨属的研究

eterachopsis was proposed by the senior author as an independent genus of the family Aspleniaceae in 1940 with 2 species.  Since then much study on its morpho- logy,  anatomy,  gametophyte and palynology has been carried out by Nayar,  Bir,  Chan- dra & Nayar and Chang et al.,  and they are of the opinion that the genus like Ceterach, is a comparatively primitive element in the family Aspleniaceae.  The queer zigzag pa- tern of cutting of lanceolate fronds appears extraordinary in the family Aspleniaceae, and also suggests its antiquity in evolution. So far only 3 species  (C.  dalhousiae,  C. paucivenosa and C. magnifica) are recognized,  the former from W. Himalayas,  also known from Africa,  while the latter two from W. S. China (Yunnan).  However,  in the past forty years the Chinese botanists have discovered 2 more species as new in N. W. Yunnan,  thus bringing the total known species of the genus up to 5.  The present paper is a brief summary on the genus Ceterachopsis,  which will be published in detail in the Flora Sinica vol. 4.       Pteridologists are also divided in their views regarding the generic status of Cete- rachopsis with 5 well-defined species in Yunnan and the East Himalayas.  We prefer to mintain it as a genus separate from Asplenium on account of its distinct morpholo- gical features.  It is to be hoped that more species may come to light in the mountainsin N. W. Yunnan through further exploration now under way.