反式(α)-细辛脑的制备技术与应用

反式(α)-细辛脑具有平喘、止咳、祛痰、镇静、解痉、抗惊厥及抗癌的药理活性,医学临床应用广泛。反式(α)-细辛脑在天然植物中含量低导致提取纯品困难,化学合成法是有效的制备途径。主要的合成路线有:以1,2,4-三甲氧基苯为原料经酰化、还原及脱水反应得到;以细辛醛为原料经还原和脱水反应制备;以氢醌为原料经氧化、三乙酰化、甲基化、甲酰化和脱水反应后即可得到反式(α)-细辛脑;以erythro-2-甲基-3羟基-3苯丙酸为原料经立体选择合成直接得到目的产物。反式(α)-细辛脑的分离纯化主要有柱层层析的物理方法和催化异构的化学方法。     

工程量清单计价编制指导

建设部于2003年2月17日以第119号公告的形式,发布了《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》。该计价规范的实施,在建设工程计价领域,彻底改变了我国实施多年的以定额为根据的计价管理模式,从而走上了一个全新的阶段。本文就是结合工程量清单计量与计价两大内容进行简单介绍,重点结合实例研究工程量清单计量与计价的编制方法。     

The preparation and properties of some synthetic photohalide emulsions

(1) A method of preparing photohalide emulsions somewhat different from that of Lüppo-Cramer has been worked out, using either colloidal silver or colloidal silver sulphide as the sensitizer.(2) Treatment of the plates containing this emulsion with chromic acid to remove excess colloidal silver also lowers sensitivity considerably. This sensitivity can be restored by an after-treatment of the plates with a very dilute ammonia solution.(3) The photohalide emulsion prepared as described showed, with one exception, a broader spectral sensitivity than those prepared without colloidal silver or silver sulphide. This agrees with the previous work of others on photohalide emulsions.(4) The spectral sensitivity of such emulsions differs from those sensitized with allyl-thiourea sensitizer in being more sensitive in the red and less sensitive in the green region of the spectrum.(5) The present work supports the strain-ionic deformation hypothesis of sensitivity proposed by Sheppard, Trivelli and Loveland. It does not, however, exclude the hypothesis of Hickman as to the role played by the silver sulphide sensitizing speck.     

CO2和乙醇反应合成乙酸乙酯的研究

探索催化剂的最佳制备条件及合成反应的最佳工艺条件,从而使C02和乙醇反应合成乙酸乙酯具有较高的选择性和收率。结果表明：用氢氧化钠作沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备Cu／Zn／A1／Co催化剂,沉淀时PH值为11,Cu、Zn、AI物质的量之比为9：8：15,加入Co的量为Cu、Zn、Al物质量总和的15％时制备所得的催化剂活性最好;在反应温度400℃,反应压力0．6MPa,乙醇与二氧化碳进料体积比为1：150,乙醇进料速度为0．3mL／min时合成反应最佳,此时乙醇的转化率为53．33％,乙酸乙酯的产率为9．77％,乙酸乙酯的选择性为18．33％。     

现代中药制剂的进展

本文从中药剂型与制剂的研究进展、新技术新工艺新辅料的研究进展、中药制剂质量控制研究进展三个方面回顾了我国近几十年来中药制剂的发展历程，对文献追踪、整理分类、分析归纳，丰富了中药药剂学理论，中药制剂前处理技术及剂型的改进与创造，优化了中药制剂的质量，扩大了中药剂型的品种和应用范围，从整体上提高了中药制剂的技术水平。     

The preparation and immunogenic properties of an ultraviolet-inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine

Details of the preparation and the immunogenic properties of an ultraviolet-inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine are described. The data presented indicate that the SK murine strain of the virus may be inactivated by controlled irradiation and yet retain sufficient immunizing potency to protect mice against 1,000 to 10,000 M.L.D. of the active virus administered intraperitoneally or intranasally.     

人Dcp2基因克隆表达、多克隆抗体的制备及其应用

mRNA在细胞质内的稳定性是调控基因表达的重要方式。细胞以mRNA降解的方式对过时的、突变有害的mRNA进行及时清除以保证基因的正确表达和细胞正常的生命活动。其中脱帽酶Dcp1/Dcp2在mRNA降解中起到主要作用，但对其降解mRNA的详细作用机制了解甚少。到目前为止，尚没有该基因市售的抗体出现，阻碍了对该基因机理的研究。本文目的是利用PCR方法，从人的胎肝文库中克隆到Dcp2基因，制备其多克隆抗体血清。实验结果显示，通过溴化氰偶联柱子对该多克隆抗体血清经纯化得到的多克隆抗体，用于Western Blotting 试验，可以检测到该蛋白内源性的表达；用于激光共聚焦定位实验显示该内源性蛋白定位在细胞核内；此抗体同时可用于免疫沉淀实验。因此Dcp2基因和多克隆抗体的获得，为进一步研究该基因的功能创造了条件。     

S-35-glutathione preparation from yeast and tracer studies in cancerous and non-cancerous rats

S³⁵-labeled glutathione has been synthesized biologically by yeast grown in a medium containing S³⁵ in the form of sulfate.S³⁵ from the labeled glutathione administered to normal rats or to rats with Walker carcinoma No. 256 was found in both the protein and the glutathione of the tissues. The concentration of S³⁵ in the sulfur of the glutathione isolated was several times greater than in the protein sulfur of the same tissue.The degree of uptake of S³⁵ was very nearly equal in like tissues of the normal and of the tumor-bearing rats. The degree of uptake in tumor was about the same as in liver but considerably less than in intestinal mucosa.     

Highly efficient enzymatic preparation of isomalto-oligosaccharides from starch using an enzyme cocktail

BackgroundCurrent commercial production of isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOs) commonly involves a lengthy multistage process with low yields.ResultsTo improve the process efficiency for production of IMOs, we developed a simple and efficient method by using enzyme cocktails composed of the recombinant Bacillus naganoensis pullulanase produced by Bacillus licheniformis, α-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, barley bran β-amylase, and α-transglucosidase from Aspergillus niger to perform simultaneous saccharification and transglycosylation to process the liquefied starch. After 13 h of reacting time, 49.09% IMOs (calculated from the total amount of isomaltose, isomaltotriose, and panose) were produced.ConclusionsOur method of using an enzyme cocktail for the efficient production of IMOs offers an attractive alternative to the process presently in use.     

正交法优化松脂直接制备对伞花烃和松脂基生物柴油的工艺条件及产品性能表征

以松脂为原料,酸改性膨润土为催化剂进行松脂直接歧化-裂解制备对伞花烃和松脂基生物柴油的研究。采用三因素四水平正交实验考察了反应温度、催化剂用量(以原料质量分数计)和反应时间对对伞花烃得率和松脂基生物柴油酸值的影响。实验结果表明,反应的优化条件为:反应温度260℃、催化剂用量为10%和反应时间120 min,对伞花烃的得率为47.9897%和松脂基生物柴油酸值为0.46 mgKOH·g-1,反应温度和催化剂用量对产品的收率和品质影响较为显著。松脂基生物柴油与O#柴油调和后低温流动性得到明显改善。     

酶解法制取蚕蛹多肽

以蚕蛹为原料,经脱脂后,采用碱法提取蚕蛹蛋白,以双酶水解的方法制取可溶性蚕蛹多肽,最佳制取条件为固液比1:10,水解温度45℃,酶用量3%(木瓜蛋白酶:胰蛋白酶=1:1),水解时间6h,在此条件下制备的蚕蛹多肽得率为62.5%。使用胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶分别水解时,多肽得率为58.7%。