Oxidation Characteristics of the Reactivity Between Pyrite and Aqueous Arsenate

Natural pyrites contain high levels of adsorbed and structurally incorporated arsenic(As),which may simultaneously result in the release of As and affect the oxidation process of pyrite.However,the oxidation and electrochemical behaviors of As on the oxidation reactivity of pyrites are still not clear.In this study,pyrite was prepared by a hydrothermal method and applied to study the oxidation mechanism between pyrite and aqueous arsenate.Analyses of X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that the as-prepared sample is an octahedron-like pyrite with high purity and crystallinity.The interaction between As(V)and pyrite as well as the electrochemical behaviors of pyrite oxidation in the presence of aqueous arsenate were investigated under acidic conditions by an ion analysis method,cyclic voltammetry(CV),Tafel,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The results of the chemical reaction indicate that electrons are transferred from S _2~(2-)to dissolved oxygen with the formation of SO _4~(2-)in the initial As(V)concentration range of 0–0.3 mmol/L.In the initial As(V)concentration range of 0.4–1.2 mmol/L,electrons are transferred from S _2~(2-)to As(V)with the formation of elemental S ~(0 )and As(III).The CV,the Tafel plot and EIS analyses indicate that aqueous arsenate in an electrolyte promotes oxidation reactivity and passivation of the pyrite electrode.Moreover,the electron transfer rate increases with increasing aqueous arsenate concentration in the electrolyte.     

Effects of the amount of tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide in synthesis on TS-1 properties and catalytic performance in epoxidation of propylene

Titanium silicalite-1(TS-1)was synthesized by a hydrothermal synthesis method with different amounts of tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide(TPAOH)as template. The as-prepared TS-1 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared resonance spectroscopy, ultravioletvisible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and nitrogen physical adsorption and desorption, and studied in the propylene epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide in a fixed bed reactor. The results showed that the amount of TPAOH had a strong influence on the grain morphology, the amount of framework Ti, and the average particle sizes of TS-1. With the increase of TPAOH amount in the synthesis(the molar ratio of TPAOH/SiO₂ increasing from 0.25 to 0.45), the morphology changed gradually from ellipsoids to cubes, the particle sizes of TS-1 decreased slightly, the amount of the framework Ti increased appreciably, and the catalytic stability in the propylene epoxidation increased markedly. Moreover, all the catalysts had the same selectivity to propylene epoxide. However, when the molar ratio of TPAOH/SiO₂ was further increased to 0.55, the particles became large hexagons with the size distribution in a wide range, and the catalytic stability decreased sharply although the amount of the framework Ti increased further, which can be attributed to the long diffusion paths of the reactants in the zeolite.     

Eu^3＋掺杂的ZnF2-ZnO纳米结构材料及其发光、光催化性能

采用水热法,结合后续的热处理,制备了Eu^3＋掺杂的ZnF2-ZnO纳米结构材料,利用X-射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和荧光光谱仪对样品结构、形貌及发光性能进行表征．结果表明,以NaF为原料得到的样品为正方体状,长为220-400nm;以NH4F为原料得到的样品呈棒状,长约为1．2μm,直径为110nm左右．紫外光激发下,棒状样品发光性能强于立方体状的样品,表现为掺杂Eu^3＋的特征发射．光催化脱色实验表明,两种形貌样品的光催化活性差别不大,150min对甲基橙的脱色率达70％左右．     

纳米多孔PtFe的制备及其模拟酶活性探究

采用熔体快淬-去合金化法制备多孔PtFe纳米材料,通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及高分辨透射电子显微镜对其结构进行了表征.并研究了其在H2O2和3,3’,5,5’-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)催化体系中作为过氧化物酶的催化活性.研究发现,此纳米酶对H2O2和TMB具有较好的亲和性能,该催化反应符合Michaelis-Menten动力学理论.     

Synthesis of polyketone by copolymerization of styrene and CO using carbon nanotube-complex Pd2+ catalyst

The dipping method was devised to deposit Pd onto carbon nanotube as supported catalyst(Pd/CNT) for the copolymerization of carbon monoxide(CO) and styrene(ST) towards the formation of polyketone(PK).The Pd/CNT was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM).The construction and crystallization property of PK were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),13C-nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and XRD,respectively.The catalyst showed excellent activity and reusability in promoting the fabrication of PK.It can be recycled 14 times with the highest total catalytic activity of 4 239.64 gPK/(gPd·h) at Pd content of 8.63wt%.The results indicate that the prepared catalyst is effective to catalyze the copolymerization of CO and styrene.     

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic ZSM-5 zeolite

In order to separate ZSM-5 zeolite powders from solution easily, a series of magnetic ZSM-5 zeolites were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis with the addition of magnetic Fe3O4 panicles during the crystalline process. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, infrared （IR） spectrum, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX）, specific surface area, magnetic susceptibility and adsorption capability. It was found that the magnetic ZSM-5 zeolites had good magnetism and the magnetic susceptibility increased with the increasing amount of Fe3O4 panicles. Compared with the pure ZSM-5 zeolite, the adsorption capability of magnetic ZSM-5 zeolites was acceptable. When the magnetic zeolites were used to adsorb Pb^2＋ from solution, the magnetic zeolite powder could be conveniently separated with magnetic separation technology.     

Highly Selective Lithium Ion Adsorbents:Polymeric Porous Microsphere with Crown Ether Groups

In this study, we prepared and applied polymeric porous microsphere adsorbents with selectivity for Li~+ extraction from aqueous solution. We synthesized the adsorbents by suspension polymerization using methacryloyoxyme-12-crown-4(M12C4) as a functional monomer, which had been synthesized from 2-hyroxymethyl-12-crown-4 and methacryloyl chloride. We verified the chemical composition by solid nuclear magnetic resonance(13C-NMR) spectroscopy and observed the porous structure by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). We conducted adsorption isothermal and kinetic tests to determine the adsorption properties. It was found that the adsorbents showed high adsorption efficiency and an adsorption equilibrium time of 200 min. In addition, since the crown ether used in this work could form a stable complex with Li~+, we observed good selectivity for Li~+ in the prepared solution compared with other ions such as Na~+, K~+, Mg~(2+), and Ca~(2+). We reused the adsorbents five times with no significant decrease in adsorptive capacity.     

活性炭/二氧化锰复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用水热法,以果壳活性炭为载体,制备活性炭（AC）/二氧化锰（MnO2）纳米线复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、比表面及孔径分析仪、同步热分析仪（TG）以及紫外可见吸收光谱（UV/Vis）对所得材料的组成、形貌和结构进行表征,并对其光催化性能进行研究。结果表明:采用水热法可实现活性炭与MnO2的有效复合。在复合材料中,MnO2纳米线多以无定形态的形式存在且尺寸均一,将活性炭有效胶结在一起,从而使得活性炭比表面积和孔隙率降低,但其孔径大小保持不变。光催化实验结果表明,AC/MnO2复合材料对于有机染料具有明显、高效的降解效果,对亚甲基蓝的降解主要是吸附和光催化两者协同效应的结果。该结果拓展了活性炭在光催化领域的应用。     

果胶@生物炭-Fe3O4的制备及其对Cu2+的吸附性能

以木屑为原料,高温热解制备生物炭。以聚乙烯醇为粘结剂,采用混合法将生物炭与果胶复合,并负载磁性,经烘干定型制备果胶包覆的磁性生物炭材料（果胶@生物炭-Fe₃O₄）。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）及N₂吸附-脱附（BET）等方法对果胶@生物炭-Fe₃O₄进行表征,结合吸附实验分析其对Cu²⁺的吸附特性。结果表明,当生物炭、果胶、Fe₃O₄质量比为5：1：1,溶液pH值为6,吸附24 h,果胶@生物炭-Fe₃O₄对Cu²⁺吸附效果最好;二级动力学方程能较好地描述果胶@生物炭-Fe₃O₄对Cu²⁺的吸附过程,Freundlich模型能较好地拟合其吸附行为;SEM结果显示该材料具有不规则的孔隙结构;XRD分析显示纳米Fe₃O₄是其主要的晶体结构;BET测得其比表面积为25.654 m²·g^-1,平均孔径为20.18 nm。     

水热处理对热塑性豆类淀粉结构和性能的影响

用流延法制备了甘油含量一定不同温度水热处理的热塑性豆类淀粉膜材料,采用粘度、X衍射分析（XRD）、差示扫描量热分析（DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM）和力学测试研究了不同温度水热处理对豆类淀粉热塑性材料的结构和性能的影响。粘度测试显示水热处理后豆类淀粉溶液的粘度增大;X衍射分析（XRD）、差示扫描量热分析（DSC）和扫描电镜（SEM）显示,豆类淀粉经过水热处理后,结构发生了很大变化;力学性能测试表明,110℃水热处理过的淀粉膜（甘油含量为30%）的拉伸强度为11．78MPa,断裂伸长率为27．24％,与相同甘油含量非水热处理的豆类淀粉膜相比．其拉伸强度提高了5．75MPa,断裂伸长率提高了3．32％。     

Optimization of Co-precipitation Condition for Preparing Molybdenum-Based Sulfur-Resistant Methanation Catalysts

In this study, the effects of ZrO_2 carrier precursors, MoO_3 loading, and washing treatment on the catalytic performance of Mo O_3/ZrO_2 toward sulfur-resistant methanation were investigated. All the catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method and further characterized by N_2 adsorption–desorption, H_2-temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The prepared MoO_3/ZrO_2 catalysts were tested in a continuous-flow pressurized fixed bed reactor for CO methanation. The results revealed that the carrier precursors, MoO_3 loading, and washing treatment affected not only the crystalline phase of Mo species but also the grain size of ZrO_2 carrier and consequently influenced the MoO_3/ZrO_2 activity toward sulfur-resistant methanation. The 25 wt% MoO_3/ZrO_2 catalyst prepared using Zr(NO_3) 4 ·5 H_2O as the precursor and treated by water washing displayed the best activity for sulfur-resistant methanation due to its greater number of octahedral Mo species and smaller ZrO_2 grain size.     

Preparation and characteristics of new type nanocomposite powder

This new type nanocomposite powder was prepared with electroless plating enhanced by ultrasonic wave. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that As-plated particles have nanometer scale average size. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the presence of a noncrystalline structure in the plating layer on the nano-Al₂O₃ matrix. The content of the plating layer was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) technology. The plating layer content was adjustable by changing the solution concentration.     

Soft template synthesis of high selectivity mesoporous SnO2 gas sensors

Mesoporous SnO2 was synthesized using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） as supermolecule-template by hydrothermal method followed by calcining under different temperature in air. X-ray diffraction analysis （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） techniques were used to characterize the structure of mesoporous SnO2. The results indicated that the gas sensors prepared by using mesoporous SnO2 after calcination at 400 ℃ showed quick response and recovery to ethanol at 200 ℃. It was also found that the mesostructure SnO2 with small particle size had higher sensitivity and selectivity to C2HhOH than the SnO2 nanoparticles the particle size of which is 20 nm synthesized by sol-gel method.     

Molding of Molecular Sieve Residues and Their Application in Cleaning Oily Wastewater

To deeply clean oily wastewater,molecular sieve residues (MSRs) were sufficiently recycled and utilized due to their high specific surface area,porous structure,and outstanding adsorption property.Molding MSRs (MMSRs) were prepared by adding additives (starch,citric acid,and soluble glass) to MSRs and were then filled into a fixed bed for adsorbing and separating the oil in wastewater.Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was used to modify the MMSRs,and their adsorption property was also investigated.In addition,the MSRs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results indicated that MMSRs satisfied the filling requirement of fixed bed,and their dynamic adsorption capacity could reach 0.1854 mg g~(-1).Furthermore,the static adsorption capacity of MMSRs achieved 1.7346 mg g~(-1) in the optimum conditions,and the oil adsorption performance of modified MMSRs was further enhanced.Therefore,this work suggests that MSRs are promising alternatives in cleaning oily wastewater.     

Oxadiazole-Functionalized Polyacrylonitrile Fiber as Selective Adsorbent for Mercury Ion

A new oxadiazole-functionalized polyacrylonitrile fiber(PAN_(AO)F) was successfully fabricated by immobilizing the organic molecule 2-chloromethyl-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole on aminated fiber(PAN_AF).The fibers were characterized completely by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques.Compared with PAN_AF,PAN_(AO)F showed a higher adsorption capability for Hg~(2+) ions in aqueous solutions.The functionalized fiber PAN_(AO)F exhibited a highly selective adsorption for Hg~(2+) when coexisting with other metal ions viz.Pb~(2+),Cd~(2+),Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+),Ni~(2+),Co~(2+),Cr~(3+),Ca~(2+),and Mg~(2+).The PAN_(AO)F presented the best adsorption capacity for Hg~(2+)at pH 5.Moreover,the adsorption experimental data fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm.Notably,the PAN_(AO)F almost retained its original adsorption capacity(112 mg/g) after five cycles,indicating its excellent reusability in practical applications.     

磷酸锰钴铝(MnCoAPO—5)分子筛的合成与表征

以三乙醇胺作模板剂,用水热法合成了MnCoAPO-5分子筛。用X射线衍射,电子探针,红外光谱等方法进行了结构研究,并测定了其晶胞参数和化学组成,同时对此分子筛的晶体形貌,热稳定性,吸附性能和比表面等进行了研究。证明锰和钴同时进入AlPO-5分子筛骨架而未改变结构类型。     

Fe3O4/SiO2复合磁性粒子的制备及其药物缓释行为

目的:采用共沉淀法和溶剂热法制备Fe_3O_4纳米磁性粒子,对其药物控释性能进行检测。方法:以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,采用Stober法,在乙醇/水溶液中,通过氨水催化水解硅醇盐,制得核壳式结构的Fe_3O_4/SiO_2复合磁性微球;以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、Fourier红外光谱(FTIR)等手段表征样品的结构,研究复合材料的耐酸性、磁分离行为及对药物布洛芬的缓释行为。结果:SEM显示Fe_3O_4与Fe_3O_4/SiO_2粒子均为纳米颗粒,粒径分布基本均匀;与溶剂热法比较,共沉淀法制得的Fe_3O_4晶粒结晶度较好,XRD衍射峰强,SiO_2的包裹使得Fe_3O_4尖锐的特征衍射峰稍微下降,表明包覆过程没有破坏其晶体结构,Fe_3O_4/SiO_2样品谱图中出现了无定型SiO_2的衍射峰,红外谱图同样出现了无定型SiO_2的透射峰。结论:表面二氧化硅的包覆显著改善了四氧化三铁纳米粒子的耐酸性,磁分离实验表明二氧化硅的包裹减弱了Fe_3O_4的磁性,布洛芬缓释实验表明Fe_3O_4/SiO_2复合磁性微球具有较好的药物缓释效果。     

表面活性剂对合成纳米ZnO形貌及光致发光性能的影响研究

以醋酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,采用水热合成法制备纳米ZnO,并研究表面活性剂的种类对纳米ZnO形貌以及光致发光性能的影响。通过红外光谱（IR）、X-射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和光致发光谱（PL）测试对样品进行表征,结果表明,相比阴离子表面活性剂,添加阳离子表面活性剂制备出的纳米ZnO的形貌以及光致发光性能更佳。     

拟康宁木霉粉末对Cr（Ⅵ）的生物吸附性能

研究了拟康宁木霉粉末对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能.结果发现,40min后吸附过程达到平衡,pH适宜范围为4～5,且在Cr（Ⅵ）初始浓度为2mg/L、吸附剂用量为2.5g/L、pH为4.5的最佳条件下,Cr（Ⅵ）吸附率达到80.37%.运用SEM、XRD和FTIR对拟康宁木霉粉末的吸附过程进行表征,发现拟康宁木霉粉末表面粗糙、孔隙多,吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的过程中—OH和—PO4与Cr（Ⅵ）发生了络合反应,具有络合反应的特征.     

碳纳米管基复合膜的气体分离性能实验设计

设计了碳纳米管基复合膜气体分离性能的研究性实验。该实验采用化学氧化法、水热法及溶液浇铸法和溶剂蒸发法等多样化学方法制备复合膜材料,利用透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪和X-光电能谱仪对材料进行表征,最后研究复合膜的气体渗透实验并对结果进行分析。该实验能扩大和丰富学生们的学术视野和科研思维,提高学生的实践能力,加深对已掌握的专业知识的理解及对知识的融会贯通,培养了学生的科研素养。