建筑防火设计常见问题与规范建筑消防设计审核工作的思考

建筑防火设计审核人员在行政审批过程中,由于主观和客观多方面的因素,往往容易造成执法不规范、不廉洁等问题。因此,消防部门必须加强建筑消防设计审核工作。本文针对建筑防火设计常见的问题,建筑消防设计审核不规范的主要表现形式,对建筑消防设计审核不规范的原因进行分析,对建筑消防设计审核体系进行解析。提出了建筑消防设计审核规范化的几项措施和方法。     

性能化消防设计的发展及应用

性能化的消防安全设计是一种可以对诸如非工程参数如人在火灾中的行为和反应进行定义的工程过程。它的主要思想是在消防设计时仅提出建筑消防安全所需要的性能要求或指标,而不直接要求设计人员为此所必须采用的某些特定的解决方法。与传统的消防设计方法相比,性能化设计思想强调建筑物消防设计的整体性,综合考虑消防设计的各个技术要素,有助建筑消防设计实现科学化、合理化和成本效益最优化;有利于发挥设计人员的主观创造性。本文从性能化消防设计内涵着手,分析了性能化消防设计的发展概况,总结了性能化消防设计的应用基本过程。     

论建筑电气设计中的消防设计

近年来,随着建筑结构向着高层、超高层以及地下方向的发展,建筑电气工作难度不断增大,给消防设计工作的开展提出了更高要求。消防系统作为建筑工程中不可缺少的辅助系统,它的主要作用在于火灾发生之后能维持设备的正常运行,及时的疏散人员、物资以及控制火势蔓延。特别是在近年来,随着建筑结构的不断复杂,建筑物内的电气设计越来越严格,这也给电气设计工作提出了新要求。本文就建筑电气设计中的消防设计要点进行分析,提出了有关注意事项。     

工业建筑消防设计审核的几点思考

随着改革开放的不断深入,工业经济飞速增长,工业建筑的消防安全问题已日益突出,给建筑工程消防设计审核、验收提出了新的课题和更高的要求。本文从消防工作的实际,就建筑工程消防设计审核中易出现的问题进行思考,谈几点粗浅的想法,为我国的工业建筑消防设计审核更好的发展提供参考。     

关于建筑工程消防设计审验常见问题及解决方法探讨

随着我国经济的快速发展和城市建设规模的不断扩大,本文从公安消防机构在对建筑工程审核验收过程中一些常见问题进行探讨,从消防审核验收部门的角度,提出解决这些问题的方法,以保证建筑物的消防安全。     

建筑给排水工程中消防水系统安装技术应用研究

随着我国经济的发展,国家和各级政府对基础设施建设的投入不断增加,我国的建筑业的发展水平也随之不断提高,对建筑物的施工质量与设计水平也都提出更高的要求。对建筑给排水工程中消防水系统进行了简要论述,总结归纳了一些建筑给排水工程中消防水系统存在的问题,在分析的基础上结合实际工作情况提出消防水系统安装技术应用的方法,为提升建筑给排水工程中消防水系统使用有效性,提升消防水系统施工质量,减少建筑火灾险情的发生提供参考。     

建设工程消防审核、验收常遇到的一些问题及分析对策

建设工程消防设计审核、竣工验收,是建筑消防安全的重要保障。通过对建筑工程消防审核、验收常遇到的一些问题进行分析研究,并提出一些设想、建议及对策。     

浅析某商业广场商住楼消防安全疏散设计

本文以某商业广场商住楼为研究对象,依照相关审核规范、标准,对其消防安全疏散设计进行了评析,通过定性分析,找出了该种建筑消防设计可能存在的问题,并提出了应关注的关键点。     

浅析高层住宅安全疏散消防设计

本文以高层住宅楼为对象,依照相关审核规范、标准,对其安全疏散消防设计进行了简要评析,通过定性分析,找出该种建筑消防设计可能存在的问题,并提出了应关注的关键点。     

某医院高层综合楼防排烟系统消防设计评析

本文以某医院高层综合楼为对象,依照相关审核规范、标准,对其防排烟系统消防设计进行了评析,通过定性分析和定量计算,找出该建筑消防设计存在的问题,并提出了改进建议。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence