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The rise of cognitive approaches to the study of human communication demands an analysis of standards for evaluating such accounts. Three sets of standards are detailed in this essay: necessary requirements, aspects of an explanation needed to advance falsifiable predictions concerning cognitive structures and processes; sufficiency requirements, principles for assessing an explanation with respect to its relationship to relevant data; and aesthetic requirements, matters of quality which concern the intuitive power and appeal of explanations.  相似文献   

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In prepredicative experience language is constitutive of the possibilities for meaning and action. Language as a tradition— meaningful prior to subjective existence—gives a “world” to things, thereby enabling things to acquire a particular nature and to exhibit possibilities for action to man. Communication and understanding are possible, not because words have unambiguous referents, but because speaking develops an interpretive stance in which the nature of things is disclosed.  相似文献   

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Digital technologies open new windows for ethnographic explorations of cultural experiences. In this paper, we examine text messaging among academically talented teenage girls of colour at three US urban high schools. Texting introduced a new communication modality into the girls’ lives and created a space for new discourses mediating their participation in school. We draw on the concept of ‘serious play’ to reveal the paradoxical nature of the girls’ texting. At each school, distinct text-messaged discourses emerged – with implications for ethnographic studies of discourse and young people’s commitments to schooling.  相似文献   

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Conclusion The high school can be seen both as an environment for the playing out of previously acquired and anticipatory sex roles and as an active facilitator in the process of adjustment to stereotyped sex roles. In terms of academic achievement and occupational choice, students behave in ways consistent with the perpetuation of the extant sex structure. On the other hand they are encouraged in these behaviors in the classroom and by guidance personnel.  相似文献   

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在英语学习中,学生要掌握的一个最重要、最基本的方面就是词汇。词汇教学中需要加强的五个方面:1、要注重灵活多样的教学法的结合。2、重视最常用词多样性的教学。3、重视词汇短语的教学。4、重视具有中西化差异的词汇教学。5、教师要有意识地帮助学生对词汇进行整理和分类。  相似文献   

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An investigation of the relationship between high school priorities and self-concept was undertaken. Upper and underclassmen from large and small high schools completed questionnaires and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Participation in five activity areas was related to self-concept using a multiple-regression technique. The perceived similarity of each student's priorities with the school's priorities was also correlated with self-concept. The relationships accounting for the greatest proportion of the variance in self-concept scores were found among small-school upperclassmen. The results were interpreted as support for Barker's argument that small school students feel a greater obligation to participate in school activities.  相似文献   

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The inadequate number of American young adults selecting a scientific or engineering profession continues to be a major national concern. Using data from the 23-year record of the Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSAY) and working within the social learning paradigm, this analysis uses a set of 21 variables to predict young people's employment in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or medicine (STEMM) at ages 36 to 39. The LSAY is one of the longest and most intensive longitudinal studies of the impact of secondary education and postsecondary education conducted in the United States. Using a structural equation model, the study found that mathematics continues to be a primary gateway for STEMM professions, beginning with algebra track placement in grade eight and continuing through high school and college calculus courses. Home and family factors such as parent education and parent encouragement of science and mathematics during secondary school also enhanced the likelihood of entering a STEMM profession.  相似文献   

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笔者在上海市市区内对中学生的上网情况进行问卷调查,取得有效样本338份,其中70份被界定为网络成瘾者。对这些网络成瘾的中学生进行深度访谈后,并在了解网络成瘾的中学生在学校中的生活并探讨网络成瘾中学生的个人特征以及学校教育等方面与一般网络使用学生之间的差异后发现,缺少自我认同的中学生容易成为网络成瘾者。这种缺少自我认同主要是在学校中形成的。  相似文献   

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