基于成本分析的数字资源长期保存策略研究--迁移法与仿真法比较

本文首先介绍了数字资源长期保存的两种基本策略———迁移法和仿真法,分析了它们的基本原理和优缺点,然后基于这两种方法的成本构成,比较分析了它们用于数字资源长期保存的费用。最后作者认为,从数字资源长期保存的成本效益角度看,仿真法要优于迁移法。     

Migration to Intermediate XML for Electronic Data (MIXED)

MIXED is a digital preservation project. It uses a strategy of converting data to intermediate XML. In this paper we position this strategy with respect to the well-known emulation and migration strategies. Then we detail the MIXED strategy and explain why it is an optimized, economical way of migration. Finally, we describe how DANS is implementing a software tool that can perform the migrations needed for this strategy.     

评述数字资源长期保存在国外立法中的发展现状

在信息时代,数字资源长期保存在法律上的支持直接影响着数字资源可持续发展的政策导向,本文将美国、英国、澳大利亚和荷兰四国作为典范对四国的数字资源长期保存的法律法规进行比较和分析。     

图书馆信息资源数字化项目目标研究--数字保存与数字存取

本文介绍图书馆信息资源数字化项目目标的两大范畴:数字保存和数字存取,分析了数字保存的两种方法:数字迁移法和仿真法,阐述了数字保存的困难性及其原因所在,探讨了缩微胶片在数字保存中的作用与地位。     

数字资源长期保存的策略探讨

数字资源保存问题是目前图书情报界讨论的一个热点问题。探讨了数字资源长期保存的管理策略和技术策略,重点比较分析了长期保存技术中的数据迁移和数据仿真的优缺点。并提出了数字资源长期保存的策略。     

Building preservation functionality in a digital archive: the National Library of The Netherlands

An increasing volume of information exists only in digital form. It can be scanned material; material actually created as digital publications; or material created as part of the day‐to‐day business of an organization. In The Netherlands, initiatives such as the ‘Memory of The Netherlands’ have emerged, creating a demand for good‐quality digital materials to support them. Many other digitization initiatives are constantly being announced. The digital form offers many advantages but presents challenges in respect of preservation and of changes in platforms and software.     

中小型图书馆数字资源长期保存技术及对策研究

介绍了数字资源长期保存常用的两种方法：仿真法和迁移法。根据中小型图书馆的实际状况,阐述了数字馆藏长期保存需要注意的策略问题。     

欧盟数字化长期保存研究现状

从各项目资助经费、项目类型、参与机构、协调机构、目标受众和涉及的学科领域、研究趋势和启示借鉴7个方面调研欧盟委员会在第六和第七框架中资助的数字化长期保存项目的总体概况,分析发现,欧盟资助的数字化长期保存项目数量和经费明显增多,参与国家和机构更为广泛,保存的资源更为复杂,技术方法更为成熟,很多项目呈继承式发展,而且数字化长期保存意识已逐步渗入到更多的学科领域中。     

Evaluating File Formats for Long-term Preservation

National and international publishers have been depositing digital publications at the National Library of the Netherlands (KB) since 2003. Until recently, most of these publications were deposited in the Portable Document Format. New projects, for example the Web archiving project, force the KB to handle more heterogeneous material. Therefore, the KB has developed a quantifiable file format risk assessment method. This method can be used to define digital preservation strategies for specific file formats. The choice for a specific file format at creation time or later in the life cycle of a digital object influences the long-term access to the digital object. The evaluation method contains seven sustainability criteria for file formats that are weighed for importance. There seems to be consensus on the sustainability criteria. However, as the weighing of these criteria is connected to an institution's policy, the KB wonders whether agreement on the relative importance of the criteria can be reached at all. With this paper, the KB hopes to inspire other cultural heritage institutions to define their own quantifiable file format evaluation method.     

A Foundation for Developing Digital Preservation Policy: The InterPARES Policy Framework

近年来,数字资源长期保存领域经历了从基础理论研究、个体实验,到最佳实践的发展过程。继2004年北京、2005年德国、2006年北美成功举办之后,2007年10月11-12日,数字资源长期保存国际会议(iPRES2007)再次回归北京,由国家科技图书文献中心主办,中国科学院国家科学图书馆组织承办。本次会议主题为"数字资源长期保存:项目进展和最佳实践",结合具体项目和实践经验,分别从数字资源长期保存的战略计划与基础设施、相关管理问题、技术研究与实践、认证与评估、教育与培训5个方面进行了介绍,并就面临的问题和下一步发展进行了交流。《现代图书情报技术》杂志作为此次会议协办媒体,组织部分参会论文形成专辑发表,集中反映国内外数字资源长期保存领域重大项目的研究进展以及实施路线,供广大研究人员参考、借鉴。     

美国印第安纳州与蒙大拿州数字资源长期保存的实践与启示

[目的/意义]介绍美国印第安纳州与蒙大拿州数字资源长期保存的实践，为我国图书馆数字资源保存工作提供参考与借鉴。[方法/过程]从组织架构、政策与资金支持、技术服务平台及项目的特点等方面对美国印第安纳州与蒙大拿州数字资源长期保存的实践进行对比分析，归纳总结数字保存的方法与经验。[结果/结论]获得的启示包括：利用全国高校图工委各级组织开展自上而下的宣传教育；建立可持续发展的资金支持机制；在合作基础上开展试点项目；评估本机构的数字保存现状并明确数字保存的需求；参考数字资源保存的成熟案例制定数字保存政策；选用合适的技术平台与服务。     

2009—2010年国外数字资源长期保存模式分析及启示

对2009—2010年国外数字资源长期保存项目的分析发现,数字资源保存模式对数字资源保存活动的开展具有积极的引导与评估作用。我国数字资源长期保存工作应注意:作为组织者,建立和健全一套行之有效的方针政策与做出正确的决策是其首当其冲的任务,实现与合作者之间的良好沟通与合作是开展数字资源保存项目的基础,获得或者募集资金是开展工作的先决条件;在技术环节上,要充分考虑到被保存资源的客观状态,利用现有技术进行保存,并且要充分考虑到资源前后格式上的变化及未来资源所处的技术环境;在维护与评估上,积累经验并正确评估是十分必要的。     

欧盟长期保存项目Planets的体系与特点

简要介绍Planets项目的基本概况,详细描述其在保存计划、内容特征化、保存行为、互操作框架、试验平台等方面的技术实施。Planets项目能够提供长期保存过程中所需的多种工具和服务,推进数字资源长期保存的发展,其很多方面值得借鉴。     

数字保存的经济价值——以BADC为例

保存项目的成本包括保存成本和访问成本,其中保存成本包括保存项目的运行成本和数字资源的提交成本,访问成本指用户访问的时间成本。数字保存经济价值的体现形式有条件价值、用户收益与净经济价值、效率影响、保存特藏收益,其中保存价值包括支付意愿和接受意愿,用户收益是指用户使用数字保存可以获得的净收益,净经济价值是数字保存的净价值,效率影响是指数字保存对目标用户群体的贡献,保存特藏收益是指用户访问获得的数字资源中通过其他途径无法获得的部分所产生的效益。     

LOCKSS数字资源长期保存策略及其应用初探

通过对美国斯坦福大学发起的数字资源长期保存计划——LOCKSS项目系统架构进行介绍和分析，探讨了LOCKSS对图书馆数字资源保存所带来的影响，以及如何建立LOCKSS馆藏，以期对我国在这方面的研究和应用起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

Public sector readiness for digital preservation in New Zealand: The rate of adoption of an innovation in records management practices

Recent legislation in New Zealand has placed statutory obligations on its government organizations to introduce sound records management practices and to ensure long-term access to their digital records. To obtain a base level of knowledge on current digital preservation practices and on awareness of digital preservation issues, an online survey was conducted of the nation's government organizations in March 2006. The survey, which achieved a response rate of 42.4%, found that most organizations were knowledgeable about basic aspects of their digital resources but their awareness of digital preservation was generally low, and digital preservation activity was modest overall. To identify possible reasons for this situation, Rogers' (Diffusion of innovations. 5th ed. New York: Free Press. 2003) Diffusion of Innovations model is used to discuss digital preservation as an innovation and the level of readiness for digital preservation as the innovation's rate of adoption. The paper concludes by using Rogers' model as the basis for making recommendations aimed at helping the government's lead agencies to increase New Zealand's public sector readiness for digital preservation.     

文化遗产数字化长期保存策略研究——以“威尼斯时光机”项目为例

[目的/意义]针对文化遗产数字化保护实践与数字资源长期保存现状进行全面梳理，并对文化遗产数字化长期保存实践工作中存在的具体问题提出相关改进策略，以期实现文化遗产资源在更大范围内的传承传播，进一步提升服务质量。[方法/过程]指出以开发利用为目标实现文化遗产资源数字化长期保存的必要性，并对国际数字化长期保存及开发利用最佳实践案例"威尼斯时光机"项目进行深入分析，据此提出我国文化遗产数字化长期保存策略。[结果/结论]借鉴国外优秀实践经验，以开发利用为导向，从资源覆盖、技术集成、服务模式3个方面制定我国文化遗产数字化长期保存策略。     

Avoiding a Digital Dark Age for data: why publishers should care about digital preservation

This paper provides an overview of the needs and threats for digital preservation and summarizes the findings from project PARSE.Insight. This project, co‐funded by the EU, contains one of the first large worldwide surveys about digital preservation including most players of the STM information chain: researchers, libraries, data managers, publishers, and research funders. One of the conclusions is that in the present data deluge, it is extremely important that all players in the information chain work together on proper digital preservation of all research output, to ensure its future usability, understandability, and authenticity. This poses a new role for publishers who can ensure better discoverability and citability via good linking and integration of data and publications.     

网络日志存档研究现状分析

指出网络日志作为特殊的数字化资源受到长期保存界的关注,从网络日志归档项目出发对网络日志的研究现状进行概述,对网络日志归档过程中技术、方法以及在采集、保存和管理中存在的局限性进行分析,并对现有网页归档项目进行描述。最后从目标、重要平台、保存策略以及所产生的社会影响几个角度对网络日志归档项目BlogForever进行说明,针对网络日志归档的现状,认为在未来研究中仍需要对技术和方法作进一步改进。     

AONS II: Continuing the Trend Towards Preservation Software ‘Nirvana’

File format obsolescence is a major risk factor threatening the sustainability of and access to digital information. While the preservation community has become increasingly interested in tools for migration and transformation of file formats, the National Library of Australia is developing mechanisms specifically focused on monitoring and assessing the risks of file format obsolescence. This paper reports on the AONS II project, undertaken by the National Library of Australia (NLA) in conjunction with the Australian Partnership for Sustainable Repositories (APSR). The project aimed to develop a software tool which allows users to automatically monitor the status of file formats in their repositories, make risk assessments based on a core set of obsolescence risk questions, and receive notifications when file format risks change or other related events occur. This paper calls for the preservation community to develop a co-operating file format obsolescence community which includes registries, software tool creators and end users to effectively curate digital content in order to maintain long-term access.