国际电子文件归档最新标准及其对我国的启示

论文通过对国际最新电子文件归档标准<文件交换标准-业务需求规范>(BRS)的内容进行解析,指出了该标准规范制定成功的关键及其特点在于其逻辑构架基于国际最新电子文件管理生命周期模型的标准内容规定及该标准的需求规定具有多维性,并且应用了科学的建模分析方法,对我国电子文件中心建设及相关标准规范的制修订,以确保电子文件数字信息的长久保存等具有重要现实指导意义,最后还对我国电子文件归档管理标准化的实践提出了借鉴性建议,包括:①建立需求模型体系,尤其应该规定专门的归档元数据;②结合应用国际标准化的业务建模技术与自然语言进行需求描述.     

Evolving an Integrated Electronic Journals Solution

Summary

This paper describes die OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.s electronic publishing program between its introduction in 1992 through the late summer of 1997, focusing on OCLC's ongoing efforts to integrate electronic journals with library acquisition, cataloging, archiving, and online reference systems. The paper begins by describing the OCLC Electronic Journals Online (EJO) service, emphasizing how that service evolved to meet the changing needs of institutional subscribers to electronic journals between 1992 and 1995. It then describes the Electronic Collections Online service, a Web-bascd service introduced in June of 1997 that provides access to, and archiving for, hundreds of journals from many publishers.     

组织机构视角下的业务系统电子文件归档:问题、理念与策略框架

组织机构视角下业务系统电子文件归档是一项参与主体多元的系统性工作,不仅需要处理多元主体之间的协同合作问题,还需要处理单一主体面临的分工作战问题。基于对档案管理域、前端业务域和信息技术域下的业务系统电子文件归档问题的识别,提出了应树立顶层设计、分类推进、数据资产管理、协同治理的归档理念。在归档理念指导下,构建了业务系统电子文件归档策略框架,认为机构整体域下应明确归档原则、建立协同机制、制订归档"三纳入"制度;档案管理域下应构建面向三态的归档标准体系、制订分类分步实施的归档计划;前端业务域下应实施以管促归和以用促归的归档策略;信息技术域下应采取技术供给和管理融合的归档策略。     

Open access developments in France: the HAL Open Archives System

This article presents an overview of open access publishing and open access archiving in France. In natural sciences, most articles are published in international journals; authors must therefore comply with the policies of their publishers, irrespective of their nationality. For humanities and social sciences, where publication tends to be distributed among many small journals, portals have been created to provide electronic publishing, with varied access policies. Open archives repositories have been in existence in France since 2001; from 2006, a proactive policy led the main research agencies and universities to coordinate their actions towards a common archiving platform, HAL (Hyper Articles on Line), operated by CNRS (Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique), with individual portals, either thematic or institutional. HAL stores now the majority of open access records – presently some 10–15% of French output – and is growing almost exponentially.     

电子政务系统中的档案管理：文件归档

本文从理论联系实际的角度出发,对电子政务系统中的文件归档问题进行了思考。首先,电子文件的归档内涵有双重含义,既包括管理权限的转移,也包括文件实体的转移,二者缺一不可;其次,在电子文件归档方式的选择上,通过对比逻辑归档与物理归档的异同与优劣,提出逻辑归档并不适用于电子政务系统,应该采取在线归档为主、离线归档为辅的物理归档方式;最后,从文件实体转移与管理责任明晰两个方面,探讨电子文件归档的实现。     

近二十年来我国电子档案研究主题的分析

为了揭示我国电子档案研究的主题分布,从电子档案管理流程视角切入,以电子档案相关研究文献为数据来源,对电子档案管理的信息技术环境、电子文件的归档管理、电子档案的管理与处置和电子档案的利用等四个研究主题进行了分析。结果发现,研究较多关注文件和档案管理系统功能设计、新型电子文件的归档可行性、单套制归档、存储、备份和关联利用的问题,但其基础设施、编目、著录、鉴定与销毁等研究问题受关注较少,同时,知识图谱等新兴技术在电子档案中的应用以及资源的社会化开发、交互推送服务等新型开发利用模式成为研究的新热点。     

RMIT Publishing: neither fish nor fowl

In a time when university presses are struggling to survive and most require financial support from their parent institutions, RMIT Publishing – an electronic publisher from its inception in 1989 – has grown its annual sales from AU$2.8m in 2003 to an expected AU$6m in 2007. This 100% sales growth in five years has been achieved by RMIT Publishing's unique, context‐driven approach to electronic publishing. This approach has made RMIT Publishing the publisher of choice for Australian databases, aggregated scholarly content for the global market and now ‘born‐digital’ publications.     

RoMEO studies 4: an analysis of journal publishers' copyright agreements

This article is the fourth in a series of six emanating from the UK JISC‐funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open archiving). It describes an analysis of 80 scholarly journal publishers' copyright agreements with a particular view to their effect on author self‐archiving: 90% of agreements asked for copyright transfer and 69% asked for it prior to refereeing the paper; 75% asked authors to warrant that their work had not been previously published although only two explicitly stated that they viewed self‐archiving as prior publication; 28.5% of agreements provided authors with no usage rights over their own paper. Although 42.5% allowed self‐archiving in some format, there was no consensus on the conditions under which self‐archiving could take place. The article concludes that author–publisher copyright agreements should be reconsidered by a working party representing the needs of both parties.     

Responsibility for Preserving and Archiving Electronic Resources

Abstract

The workshop addressed where the responsibility should rest for the preserving and archiving of electronic resources. Librarians, publishers, and commercial vendors reflected various points of view. A literature search revealed that there is not yet a definition or a process for the preserving of electronic information. There is general agreement that the information should be “global” and “eternal” and that the ultimate responsibility will be in the form of a consortium arrangement.     

Moving out of Oldenbourg's long shadow: what is the future for society publishing?

The Internet and the rise of e‐Science alter the conditions for scholarly communication. In signing declarations against open access mandates, society publishers indicate that they feel most threatened by the emergence of institutional repositories and the self‐archiving mandates that these make possible. More attention should be paid to the impact of e‐Science, the rise of Internet‐based guild publishers, and the entrance of players from the new economy. Society journals should stop aspiring to such functions as registration and archiving and should shed electronic dissemination, while enhancing certification and investing in (new) navigation services.     

The Accessing and Archiving of Electronic Journals

ABSTRACT

This dissertation focuses upon the challenges and problems that libraries face relating to the accessing and archiving of electronic journals (EJs) and considers the implications these issues will have on those involved in the information profession. This topic is becoming an increasingly important issue for libraries, which can no longer be ignored, as the usage of EJs has increased radically. The problems associated with the archiving of EJs are great. If archiving continues to be ignored, much information will be lost. This must be prevented at all costs.

The dissertation is broken down into 10 chapters. The introduction gives an overview and details the methodology and layout. This is followed by a discussion on the background and current context that EJs operate in. The following chapters then consider the main problems associated with the accessing and archiving of EJs. This involves topics such as what should be archived, who should be responsible for the archiving process, how the materials should be archived and where they should be archived. This requires the study of numerous technical, economic, business, organisational and legal models.

The focus is predominantly on libraries but the study would be incomplete without looking at others involved in the information profession, namely publishers and trusted third party archives. The argument is that although technically the archiving process is feasible, poor relations between libraries and publishers make this difficult to achieve. It is hard to reach a consensus on how the process should be carried out and the lack of developed standards exacerbates this problem. Economic, legal, business and organisational models must be considered before the archiving of EJs can be facilitated effectively. The dissertation looks at how these can be achieved and highlights the importance of further detailed research in this field.     

企业电子文件单套制归档的实施框架构建

本文在企业数字化转型的背景下,探究企业电子文件单套制归档的实施方案。通过对两家电子文件单套制归档试点企业开展调研,结合文献分析和理论构建,提出具有通用性的企业电子文件单套制归档实施框架,并依据国家档案局出版的《企业电子文件归档和电子档案管理试点案例集》对实施框架进行映射分析和补充完善,以期能为其他企业或组织机构实施电子文件单套制归档工作提供参考与借鉴。实施框架具体包括战略规划层、组织保障层、制度规范层等6个层级,包含可行性研究、组织规划、需求分析、战略目标等28项具体实施要素。     

Copyright and Electronic Library Resources

ABSTRACT

As electronic resources represent a larger percentage of libraries' purchases and services, copyright law, licensing, and other information laws are changing some traditional library functions. This article reviews the law of electronic resources through an outline of affected library services, including acquisitions and collection development; gifts, exchanges, and sales; archiving and preservation; circulation; interli-brary loan and document delivery; reserve; and research, reference, and instructional services. Legal issues considered include copyright, licensing, and database protection.     

电子文件归档中电子签名的处理研究

本文叙述了电子签名的原理,分析了电子签名对电子文件归档和电子档案管理的影响,提出了电子文件归档时电子签名处理的原则和方案,在对各方案比较的基础上,提出了选择处理方案的建议,并对国家出台相关规范提出了建议。     

Current Initiatives for E-Journal Archives and Perpetual Access at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

The article discusses the need for initiatives to be undertaken by the King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Library administration to acquire archives of and perpetual access to its subscribed electronic journals. It also reports the findings of a survey conducted to ascertain the publishers' positions on archiving services and the right to permanently access licensed materials paid for during the period of a license agreement. The findings are expected to help the library to plan for securing the right over a three-year period to ongoing access to the back files of journals from fifteen commercial and society publisher platforms.     

E-Journals,Kansas Style

Summary

The presentation, “E-Journals, Kansas Style,” looks at the traditional roles that researchers, publishers, and libraries have had in the production, distribution, cataloging, and archiving of peer-reviewed journals. This discussion then went on to talk about a few of the factors in today's academic society that have seen these roles begin to change: spiraling cost, the technology boom, and WWW ease in publishing, to name a few. The focus of the presentation then turned to the cooperative undertaking between the Great Plains/Rocky Mountain Hazardous Substance Research Center (HSRC), Kansas State University, and the KSU Libraries, and their joint venture to produce a peer-reviewed electronic journal.     

Building the hybrid library: a review of UK activities

Five major projects developed under eLib's Hybrid Library programme have resulted in a significant shift in thinking, imagination, and above all confidence within higher education libraries. I examine the origins of the programme and the achievements of each project and conclude that libraries want to, and can, deliver deep and seamless integrated access to their print and electronic collections – which can have the shorthand name ‘hybrid library’ – and they are looking to publishers and intermediaries to assist in this.     

Cooperative Trends in Digital Archiving: An Open Discussion

In putting together the NASIG strategy session “Cooperative Trends in Digital Archiving,” the three panelists, Daviess Menefee (Elsevier), Eileen Fenton (Portico), and Marilyn Geller (Lesley University), discussed issues they faced in their own organizations. All three panelists shared concerns about the need for archiving in general and for archiving born digital journals specifically, and about core organizational values that led them to pursue digital archiving. They had common concerns about who should be involved in digital archiving projects and how it should be accomplished. There were some interesting parallels in the decision making process within each organization. In this presentation, each of the panelists discussed how and why they came to their decisions, and how they all relied on the CLIR report, E-Journal Archiving Metes and Bounds, ¹ 1. For more information, please see http://www.clir.org/PUBS/abstract/pub138abst.html View all notes to measure their progress and determine the next steps.     

Looking inside of the Utah COVID-19 digital collection as a community archive

Using the Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection as a case study, this study investigates the nature of the materials collected in a community archive during COVID-19, examining their unique contributions to building public history. The authors collected and analyzed metadata from 812 collection items created between March and June of 2020. Findings show that the local community's active voluntary participation was noteworthy. The local community submitted more than half of all collected materials. Even when submissions from the campus community decreased during summer break, the local community's submissions remained steady, helping to broaden the collection's geographical and topical coverage. The authors conclude by offering their recommendations for COVID-19 community archiving projects and future research directions.