指导中考·培养能力——中考常考基础题检测与解析(代数综合一)

一、复习重点及策略实数的概念、运算,代数式的运算,方程,不等式(组),函数(一次函数、反比例函数、二次函数),综合题等.方程、不等式、函数为代数的三块基本内容,函数统领代数知识,能够把方程和不等式有机地融     

LTE中PAPR量化和降低的改进方法

LTE关键技术之一是OFDM技术,将高速输入数据流串并转换成很多低速数据流,通过DFT将每个低速数据流调制于一个与其他子频带相互正交的子载波上,这会带来叠加信号的高峰均比,从而对发射机的功率放大器件提出很高的要求.为此,对PAPR进行分析、量化并提出降低PAPR的方法.先分析传统的削波方法对降低PAPR的影响,再提出一种新的改进方法SC-FDMA技术,通过对上行用户集中分配子载波,可以较好地降低上行的PAPR,实验测试也表明SC-FDMA较之于OFDMA的PAPR有了较大的改善.     

降低MC-CDMA系统峰均功率比的方法

多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)作为OFDM和扩频通信技术的相结合后的一种新技术,被认为是无线移动通信中最有潜力的后选方案之一,尤其在数据的高速传输中具有较大的优势。但作为一种多载波通信,其最大的缺点之一就是信号具有较高的峰均功率比(PAPR)。针对其PAPR过高的问题,在原本选择映射(SLM)的基础上进行了适当的改进,在传统SLM的基础上加入扰码序列作为相位序列的自适应选择复用帧数的算法。Matlab仿真结果表明该方法可有效地减小信号的PAPR且同时具有较低的系统复杂度。     

MIMO系统中的新型K-best检测算法(英文)

针对K-best检测算法易将最优路径舍去的特点和K-best检测算法搜索星座图中所有点的特点,提出一种性能改进型K-best检测算法和几种降低复杂度K-best检测算法.性能改进型K-best检测算法在进行QR分解之前对信道矩阵进行最小均方误差(MMSE)滤波,能有效减小最优路径被舍弃的概率,提高算法性能;降低复杂度K-best检测算法采用类似球形译码检测的方法减少搜索星座图中点的个数.仿真结果显示,性能改进型K-best检测算法比基于排序QR分解(SQRD)的K-best检测算法有1dB的性能增益.降低复杂度K-best检测算法在K=4时有性能损失;当K=8时,降低复杂度K-best检测算法和原K-best检测算法有同样的性能,同时前者比后者需要更少的计算量.     

基于图像复杂度SAD计算的H.264全搜索快速算法

针对H．264标准获得高编码效率需以高复杂度算法和编码时间为代价、软硬件实现困难的问题,在传统的残差计算方法和PDE技术的基础上,提出了基于图像亮度变化复杂度的SAD无损残差计算方法。即把一个宏块划分为16个4×4的予块,根据这些子块的亮度复杂度的大小顺序依次计算子块的残差并累加到宏块的残差,直到累加值大于当前最小残差值或16个4×4的子块都计算完为止。实验表明,在图形信噪比几乎没变化的情况下,大幅度的减少了编码时间。     

新型变步长LMS方法及OFDMA信号DOA估计中的应用(英文)

针对基站(BS)或第三方设备对移动终端快速定位的需求,为了提高最小均方误差(LMS)方法的收敛速度并降低稳态误差,提出了一种新的对数-sigmod可变步长LMS方法(LG-SVSLMS),并将该方法应用于正交频分复用多址(OFDMA)信号的波达方向(DOA)估计.基于LG-SVSLMS,构建了面向OFDMA信号的非盲DOA估计系统.LG-SVSLMS采用了结合sigmoid函数和对数函数的多参数步长更新函数,该方法控制了LMS初始和稳态阶段步长调整的幅度,从而同时实现了高的收敛速度和低的稳态误差.最后,通过仿真验证所提LG-SVSLMS的性能.仿真结果表明,在多源干扰信号和多径衰落信号与目标信号非同步到达第三方设备的场景下,基于LG-SVSLMS的非盲DOA估计系统能够准确估计目标信号的DOA,且估计误差在±3°之内.这种采用LG-SVSLMS的面向OFDMA信号的非盲DOA估计系统对基于自适应天线阵列的移动终端快速定位技术具有重要意义.     

一种多基站间协作的分布式动态小区分簇算法

在蜂窝网络中,多基站间协作传输能够显著提升用户的频谱效率,但巨大的反馈开销使得该方式难以实现.文章提出了一种分布式动态小区成簇算法,该算法消除了对中央处理单元收集完整信道状态信息的依赖。并且在计算优先权函数时将矩阵乘法运算简化为标量求和运算,省略了基于信号功率与噪声干扰比值求信道容量的计算步骤,降低了运算复杂度.实验结果表明,该算法的各小区速率性能之和,明显优于静态分簇算法并且十分接近集中式贪婪分簇算法,具有较低的复杂度和信道估计开销.协作簇大小为3时,算法能够在速率性能与算法复杂度间取得最佳的效果.     

OFDM系统中导频辅助信道估计算法的误差性能比较研究

对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中的两种导频辅助信道估计方法，即最大似然估计(MLE)和贝叶斯最小均方误差估计(MMSEE)，在估计误差性能方面的特性进行了详尽的比较研究。理论分析及计算机仿真试验表明，当信道噪比较低时，MMSEE有比MLE更好的估计误差性能，但有比MLE复杂得多的计算复杂度。而当信道信噪比较高或插入导引符号序列数目足够多时，MMSEE与MLE误差估计性能基本一致。     

一种快衰落信道中OFDM系统的Kalman信道估计方法

针对频率选择性快衰落信道的多径干扰和较大的多普勒频率扩展,提出了一种基于导频的低维Kalman滤波算法用于正交频分复用(OFDM)系统信道估计.为了简化计算,采用一阶自回归(AR)过程对时变信道进行建模.利用复杂度大大降低的一维Kalman滤波算法进行单个子载波的并行信道估计,并采用基于导频的最小平方(LS)算法估计时变的信道衰减因子a.为了同时跟踪信道的频域相关性,采用了最小均方误差(MMSE)线性合并器对Kalman信道估计结果进行修正.在5.5 GHz频段上的仿真表明了这种基于导频的低维Kalman信道估计方法,降低了传统的Kalman滤波结构的复杂度,能够跟踪信道的时频变化,并且在一定程度上可以接近于理想信道估计的误码率性能.     

基于多级夹角函数的傅里叶形状描述子(英文)

为了描述形状由全局信息到局部变化的层次信息,提出一种有效的形状签名,即多级夹角函数.多级夹角函数具有内在的旋转、平移和缩放不变性.对轮廓上每一点,其多级夹角函数通过轮廓的非等弧长分割所得的成对线段计算得到.然后利用多级夹角函数推导出傅里叶描述子,以进行高效的形状检索.使用标准的性能评价方法对所提出的描述子在3个形状图像库上进行了测试,包括MPEG-7图像库、Kimia-99图像库和Swedish树叶图像库.形状检索实验结果表明,基于多级夹角函数的傅里叶描述子优于已有的傅里叶描述子,且具有较低的计算复杂度.与其他类型的形状描述方法相比,所提出的描述子在相同查全率时具有最高的查准率,证明了该描述子的有效性.     

Phase factor sequences algorithm in partial transmit sequence

Partial transmit sequence(PTS)is a promising technique for peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR)reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM).While in optimal PTS,an exhaustive search for all combinations of phase factor sequences is required,this results in huge computation.In this paper,by introducing the orthogonal design,a phase factor sequences algorithm is proposed.The algorithm uses orthogonal table to gencrate phase factor sequences,and the regular PAPR computation result is then followed by the parameter estimation.The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm reduces the computation notably and obtains a good PAPR performance approaching the optimal PTS.     

降低OFDM系统峰均比的研究与仿真

针对几种经典的降低均峰比的方法进行了研究,通过MATLAB对改进的限幅滤波法、选择映射法(SLM)、部分传输序列法(PTS)三种算法进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明三种算法都有效地降低了OFDM系统的均峰比。限幅滤波法实现简单但引入了噪声;选择性映射法可无失真地降低系统的均峰比,但引入了冗余而导致系统的有效传输效率降低;部分传输序列法效果优于选择性映射算法,但是计算量大,实现复杂度较高。     

基于短跨度交织的选择性映射

为了抑制多载波通信中发送信号相对较高的峰值功率,提出了一种新的基于交织的选择性映射方案.在该方案中,采用一组交织跨度仅为几个比特的比特级交织器来产生多个表示相同信息的序列,从中选择对应信号峰均比最低的序列作为发送的序列.描述了该方案的实现方式以及这种短跨度交织器的结构.通过仿真考察了该映射方案在降低多载波信号峰均比方面的性能.结果表明该方案在抑制峰均比方面呈现出很好的性能,对于高阶调制信号,如16QAM和64QAM,它甚至达到选择性映射所能实现的最佳性能.与传统的基于交织的选择性映射方案相比较,这种基于短跨度交织的选择性映射方案产生非常短的时间延迟,只需要很少的缓冲寄存器,且易于用硬件实现.     

降低OFDM系统PAPR的一种实用方法

本文针对OFDM信号的峰值平均功率比(PAPR)问题,从瞬时功率包络出发,基于初始状态矢量的重心,得到了一种降低PAPK的OFDM子载波初始状态分布的规律．仿真结果表明,采用新的初始状态分布规律,OFDM信号PAPK大幅度降低；子载波数目加倍,OFDM信号PAPR增加不足1．0dB．     

Generalized bounds on the partial periodic correlation of complex roots of unity sequence set

In this paper, the generalized bounds are derived on the partial periodic correlation of complex roots of unity sequence set with zero or low correlation zone （ZCZ/LCZ） as the important criteria of the sequence design and application. The derived bounds are with respect to family size, subsequence length, maximum partial autocorrelation sidelobe, maximum partial crosscorrelation value and the ZCZ/LCZ. The results show that the derived bounds include the previous periodic bounds, such as Sarwate bound, Welch bound, Peng-Fan bound and Paterson-Lothian bound, as special cases.     

Fluorescent co-localization of PTS1 and PTS2 and its application in analysis of the gene function and the peroxisomal dynamic in Magnaporthe oryzae

The peroxisomal matrix proteins involved in many important biological metabolism pathways in eukaryotic cells are encoded by nucleal genes, synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported into the organelles. Targeting and import of these proteins depend on their two peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS1 and PTS2) in sequence as we have known so far. The vectors of the fluorescent fusions with PTS, i.e., green fluorescence protein (GFP)-PTSI, GFP-PTS2 and red fluorescence protein (RFP)-PTS1, were constructed and introduced into Magnaporthe oryzae Guy11 cells. Transformants containing these fusions emitted fluorescence in a punctate pattern, and the locations of the red and green fluorescence overlapped exactly in RFP-PTS1 and GFP-PTS2 co-transformed strains. These data indicated that both PTS 1 and PTS2 fusions were imported into peroxisomes. A probable higher efficiency of PTSI machinery was revealed by comparing the fluorescence backgrounds in GFP-PTS1 and GFP-PTS2 transformants. By introducing both RFP-PTS1 and GFP-PTS2 into △mgpex6 mutants, the involvement of MGPEX6 gene in both PTS1 and PTS2 pathways was proved. In addition, using these transformants, the inducement of peroxisomes and the dynamic of peroxisomal number during the pre-penetration processes were investigated as well. In summary, by the localization and co-localization of PTSI and PTS2, we provided a useful tool to evaluate the biological roles of the peroxisomes and the related genes.     

Adaptive modulation MIMO system based on minimizing transmission power

INTRODUCTION Many adaptive modulation (AM) schemes have been proposed for multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) and its derivations to increase the data throughput (June and Rao, 2002; Zhou and Vucetic, 2004a; 2004b; Chen et al., 2004; Zhou and Giannakis, 2004b). By using some kinds of greedy algorithms, all of these AM schemes try to maximize the trans-mission rate for a given transmission power. Their performances under different conditions have been studied deeply. The AM-MIMO w…     

Science Letters: Low-cost fault tolerance in evolvable multiprocessor systems: a graceful degradation approach

The evolvable multiprocessor (EvoMP), as a novel multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) machine with evolvable task decomposition and scheduling, claims a major feature of low-cost and efficient fault tolerance. Non-centralized control and adaptive distribution of the program among the available processors are two major capabilities of this platform, which remarkably help to achieve an efficient fault tolerance scheme. This letter presents the operational as well as architectural details of this fault tolerance scheme. In this method, when a processor becomes faulty, it will be eliminated of contribution in program execution in remaining run-time. This method also utilizes dynamic rescheduling capability of the system to achieve the maximum possible efficiency after processor reduction. The results confirm the efficiency and remarkable advantages of the proposed approach over common redundancy based techniques in similar systems.     

Low-cost fault tolerance in evolvable multiprocessor systems: a graceful degradation approach

The evolvable multiprocessor （EvoMP）, as a novel multiprocessor system-on-chip （MPSoC） machine with evolvable task decomposition and scheduling, claims a major feature of low-cost and efficient fault tolerance. Non-centralized control and adaptive distribution of the program among the available processors are two major capabilities of this platform, which remarkably help to achieve an efficient fault tolerance scheme. This letter presents the operational as well as architectural details of this fault tolerance scheme. In this method, when a processor becomes faulty, it will be eliminated of contribution in program execution in remaining run-time. This method also utilizes dynamic rescheduling capability of the system to achieve the maximum possible efficiency after processor reduction. The results confirm the efficiency and remarkable advantages of the proposed approach over common redundancy based techniques in similar systems.     

基于系统论的生物学实践教学体系研究与实践

运用系统论方法探索建立利于学生专业技能培养和创新能力提高的"431"实践教学体系。从实践体系建构的关键内容、实践教学质量评价和实践教学与教师科研融通体系建设三方面具体论述了优化与改进实践教学体系的思路与方法。首先,将本科4年的实践教学训练项目整合为4个模块、3个层次、1条应用能力训练主线的"431"课程体系;其次,围绕教学方法改革和内容更新,建立教师考核制度,学生以素质能力考核为主,建立多层次评价标准;最后,通过搭建教学与科研的融通体系,完善运行协调机制。基于系统论理念对生物学实践教学体系的要素内容和构建方法进行研究。应用实践表明,对于学生专业技能训练和人才培养质量均有不同程度的促进和提高。