世界赛艇格局及中国赛艇现状分析与发展对策

世界赛艇运动格局正向多极化方向发展，欧洲国家处于赛艇运动的领先地位，未来的发展趋势是各小项争夺激烈，各国普遍实施重点突破的战略，纷纷聘请世界高水平教练等。我国赛艇运动发展较快，但在世界上仍属发展中国家行列。通过与世界水平实力的分析，预测了我国在2004年奥运会上的赛艇参赛项目，认为竞赛体制单一，科研与训练工作结合不好等是我国赛艇运动训练中存在的主要问题，并对我国赛艇今后的发展提出了改革竞赛体制，运动训练以及训练中的科技攻关与服务工作等方面的建议。     

中国赛艇产业相关器材专利分析报告

通过对中国赛艇产业及赛艇产业相关器材的专利分析及国内外具备较强实力的赛艇企业拥有专利所做的比较,发现了国内外研发重点的差异,国外所掌握和目标研发的专利都是决定赛艇前进速度的关键专利,而中国公司掌握的专利则仅仅暂时还充当着一个辅助的角色。笔者以为中国的赛艇制造企业若想在国际赛艇制造企业界占有一席之地,则必须将着眼点置于那些影响赛艇速度的关键专利。     

我国赛艇技术的研究现状

本文对赛艇运动技术的研究进行了综述,从运动学,动力学和流体力学三个方面总结了我国对赛艇技术的研究,得出目前我国对赛艇技术研究的现状和存在的问题,并提出了今后赛艇运动技术研究的方向。     

赛艇运动员的力量素质及其训练方法

本文针对赛艇项目的特点,对赛艇运动员力量素质的特点和影响因素,以及发展赛艇运动员力量素质的训练方法和训练原则进行了探讨。     

青少年赛艇运动员专项力量训练问题研究

专项力量是赛艇运动员取得优异成绩的核心因素,青少年赛艇运动员进行专项力量训练必须遵循身体发育的规律,科学地进行专项力量的发展。通过阐述青少年赛艇运动专项力量训练的特点,对当前我国青少年赛艇运动员专项力量训练中存在的问题进行分析,从科学发展的角度提出对策。     

对中国赛艇现有竞赛体制改革的设想

阐述了中国赛艇竞赛体制的历史由来 ,对中国现有赛艇竞赛体制的利弊进行了分析 ,并就世纪之交的中国赛艇竞赛体制改革提出了自己的构想 ,供有关决策部门参考     

湖北省赛艇轻量级运动员力量训练的研究

以湖北省16名赛艇轻量级运动员为研究对象,在研究赛艇运动员力量训练的生理学基础和赛艇运动生理特征的基础上为其制定为期21周的力量训练方案并实施,训练前后对其2000m成绩和卧拉、深蹲两项指标进行测试,训练期间对其蹲举、卧拉和收腹3项指标进行测试。对测试结果的分析表明,训练前后赛艇运动员的力量素质得到全面提高,最大力量素质存在显著性差异,力量耐力素质进步明显。在分析赛艇运动员力量训练效果的基础上提出建议,为赛艇运动员的力量训练提供参考依据。     

赛艇运动员铁代谢指标的分析

通过对男女赛艇运动员铁代谢指标进行统计分析,及与普通人群铁代谢指标的比较,提出：（1）赛艇运动员SF、Tf存在着显著的性别差异;（2）赛艇运动员sTfR、Tf显著低于普通人群值,需建立适合于运动员的参考值。     

再论赛艇动力学--对FISA《赛艇教练员培训教程》动力学理论的商榷

对黄胜初于2000年建立的双动力赛艇动力学方程进行矢量推导,结果显示,在操桨过程中人体质心的移动产生无击水动力。据此,认为国际赛艇联合会(FISA)赛艇教练员培训手册(2002年版)中,单动力赛艇动力模型衍生出的三点错误之处。研究认为,国内生物力学界和赛艇界对赛艇动力学及其在训练中的应用存在认识上的误区。应注重回桨技术的研究和训练,降低1桨中拉推桨时间比,提高1桨的划桨效率。     

赛艇教学与训练方法综论

对赛艇教学与训练方法,如针对赛艇运动初学者的教学与训练方法、赛艇水上合练教学、赛艇运动员陆上专项力量耐力训练方法、赛艇教学中的诱导法与赛艇技术教学的常用手段等进行综合性论述。从而在横向比较中,对改进和完善赛艇教学与训练,起到一定的推动作用。     

对我国高等院校体育俱乐部的研究

越来越多的高校以体育俱乐部的形式进行了教学改革,但目前对高校体育俱乐部的研究存在着概念模糊、分类不准确、定性不明确等问题,结合理论与实践对以上问题进行了分析,并提出了自己的见解。     

Changes in repeated-sprint performance in relation to change in locomotor profile in highly-trained young soccer players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changes in maximal aerobic (MAS) and sprinting (MSS) speeds and the anaerobic reserve (ASR) on repeated-sprint performance. Two hundred and seventy highly-trained soccer players (14.5 ± 1.6 year) completed three times per season (over 5 years) a maximal incremental running test to approach MAS, a 40-m sprint with 10-m splits to assess MSS and a repeated-sprint test (10 × 30-m sprints), where best (RSb) and mean (RSm) sprint times, and percentage of speed decrement (%Dec) were calculated. ASR was calculated as MSS-MAS. While ?RSb were related to ?MSS and ?body mass (r² = 0.42, 90%CL[0.34;0.49] for the overall multiple regression, n = 334), ?RSm was also correlated with ?MAS and ?sum of 7 skinfolds (r² = 0.43 [0.35;0.50], n = 334). There was a small and positive association between ?%Dec and ?MAS (r² = 0.02 [?0.07;0.11], n = 334). Substantial ?MSS and ?MAS had a predictive value of 70 and 55% for ?RSm, respectively. Finally, ?ASR per se was not predictive of ?RSm (Cohen’s = +0.8 to ?0.3 with increased ASR), but the greater magnitude of ?RSm improvement was observed when MSS, MAS and ASR increased together (0.8 vs. +0.4 with ASR increased vs. not, additionally to MSS and MAS). Low-cost field tests aimed at assessing maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds can be used to monitor ?RS performance.     

论新生活运动正当娱乐中的体育

新生活运动历时15年,涉及到了国民生活的方方面面。娱乐作为生活的重要组成部分,也受到新生活运动的影响。为了纠正社会上根深蒂固的“烟”、“赌”和“娼”等不良风气,新生活运动组织十分重视对正当娱乐的提倡,对体育尤为重视。蒋介石本人在新生活运动周年纪念大会上专门提到过体育问题。体育活动曾被作为新生活运动的年度中心工作或者工作要点来开展。虽然最后对体育的提倡没有达到十分理想的效果,但确实引导了国民的健康观念。新生活运动组织还培养了数量不多的体育人员,为近代体育的发展注入了动力。     

2004年上海市竞技体育后备人才运动成绩比较分析

运用文献资料、专家访谈和数理统计研究方法,对上海市二、三线运动员2004年参加全国比赛前三名的成绩进行分析,并与部分省市二、三线运动员成绩比较。结果表明:上海市竞技体育后备人才部分项目在全国保持一定优势,但后备人才严重匮乏;未来几年比赛夺金人员缺乏;部分项目与其它省市有较大的差距;其它省市对上海优势项目构成较大威胁。     

武汉市城镇居民体育消费现状的调查与分析

运用问卷调查和文献资料等方法,对武汉市居民体育消费水平、体育消费结构、体育消费影响因素、体育消费发展趋势等进行了分析研究。结果表明:居民对体育的功能和作用有深刻认识,但由于经济因素和传统习惯等影响,保守性消费观念仍占主导地位;体育消费的绝对水平较10年前大幅增长,但相对水平涨幅不大。     

Physiotherapy in Critical Care in Australia

A physiotherapist is part of the multidisciplinary team in most intensive care units in Australia. Physiotherapists are primary contact practitioners and use a comprehensive multisystem assessment that includes the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems to formulate individualized treatment plans. The traditional focus of treatment has been the respiratory management of both intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. However, the emerging evidence of the longstanding physical impairment suffered by survivors of intensive care has resulted in physiotherapists re-evaluating treatment priorities to include exercise rehabilitation as a part of standard clinical practice. The goals of respiratory physiotherapy management are to promote secretion clearance, maintain or recruit lung volume, optimize oxygenation, and prevent respiratory complications in both the intubated and spontaneously breathing patient. In the intubated patient, physiotherapists commonly employ manual and ventilator hyperinflation and positioning as treatment techniques whilst in the spontaneously breathing patients there is an emphasis on mobilization. Physiotherapists predominantly use functional activities for the rehabilitation of the critically ill patient in intensive care. While variability exists between states and centers, Australian physiotherapists actively treat critically ill patients targeting interventions based upon research evidence and individualized assessment. A trend toward more emphasis on exercise rehabilitation over respiratory management is evident.Key Words: physiotherapy, intensive care     

Changes in leg kinematics in response to unpredictability in lateral jump execution

Abstract

Lateral movements like cutting are essential in many team sport disciplines. The aim of the present study was to analyse adaptations in motor control in response to task unpredictability during lateral movement execution. Twelve subjects performed lateral jumps with different landing modalities (stable, sliding or counteracting) that were either known (predictable setting) or unknown (unpredictable setting) prior to movement execution. Results revealed that regardless of the landing modality, hip joint abduction was significantly greater in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. Furthermore, during the sliding landing modality, hip flexion decreased from 211 ± 7° to 207 ± 7° and knee flexion decreased from 26 ± 4° to 24 ± 4° at the instant of ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable condition. During the stable landing modality, the knee joint abduction increased from ?0.3 ± 6° to ?3 ± 6° after initial ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. The present results support our hypothesis that pre-programmed motor activity depends on the predictability of the landing modality during lateral movements. According to its adaptation in the frontal plane and in some extent in the sagittal plane, the hip joint seems to play the major role in the modulation of the pre-programmed activity for successful lateral jump execution in an unpredictable setting. However, these kinematic adaptations are concerning since these changes were associated with higher knee abduction during the stable landing modality and therefore with possible higher risk of injury.     

“体育强市”视域下上海市公共体育服务研究

公共体育服务是上海“体育强市”建设的基础支撑.“十一五”时期,上海市公共体育服务制度化建设逐渐加强,便民化设施不断增多,系列化活动初具规模,但仍面临着“制度设计”执行不力、“多元主体”供给失衡、“以需定供”尚未畅通等困境.在建设“体育强市”的过程中,应夯实公共体育服务基础,丰富公共体育服务内涵,培育公共体育服务多元主体,构建公共体育服务评价机制.     

论面向21世纪高等医学院校的体育改革

面对21世纪,高等医学院校体育教育改革应给学生全方位的体育教育,尤其要结合医学专业特点,提高选择和制定运动处方及指导监督他人体育健身康复的能力。