18-26S rDNA在4种重楼属植物中的定位

为探讨rDNA在重楼属Paris L.中的分布规律，利用荧光原位杂交（FISH）对4种重楼属植物 的18-26S rDNA进行了定位。所有植物均为二倍体，基因组由A、B、C、D和 E5条染色体构成。（1）滇重楼P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis:2n=10=6m+4t，C和D染色体的 短臂上各有1个18-26S rDNA位点;（2）长柱重楼P.forrestii:2n=10=6m+4t，B染色体的长臂 、C和D染色体的短臂上各有1个位点;（3）五指莲P.axialis:2n=10=6m（2sat）+4t（2sat） +1-2B，C和D染色体的短臂上各有1个位点;在有1个B染色体的细胞中，B染色体没有信号点， 而有2个B染色体的细胞中，只有1个B染色体上有信号点，表明B染色体上有基因存在且其分裂 不均等;（4）大理重楼P.daliensis:2n=10=4m+2sm+2st+2t，C染色体的短臂上有1个位点。1 8-26S rDNA位点不仅出现在染色体的次缢痕上，也出现在非次缢痕位点。另外，4个种中C染 色体短臂末端均有18-26S rDNA。     

D6S1043基因座检出三带型等位基因2例及遗传分析

目的:在亲子鉴定案件中检出D6S1043基因座三带型。方法:提取个体不同组织DNA样本,经复合荧光PCR扩增和毛细管电泳分析2716个案例(共6246名个体)的STR分型。结果:在1个父子单亲鉴定案例中,2名个体的D6S1043基因座上出现三带型等位基因。用Power Plex?21荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒对包含D6S1043在内的21个STR基因座进行检测,父亲D6S1043基因座分型为17/18/21,儿子分型为10/17/18,电泳峰高和峰面积之比均为1∶1∶1,用SinofilerTM试剂盒复核检测结果相同。结论:在本文发现的案例中,父亲的等位基因17和18均遗传给了儿子,导致儿子表现为三带型等位基因。D6S1043三带型非常罕见,在分析时应采用不同方法或者试剂盒进行验证,保证鉴定结果的可靠性。     

亚洲西部和欧洲东南部芍药属的一个亚种

 根据存于欧洲一些大标本馆的大量标本的观察,分布于希腊爱琴海东部、土耳其南部、塞浦路斯、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、伊拉克北部的Paeonia mascula与欧洲中部至巴尔干半岛的均不相同,可确认为一个独立的亚种。绝大多数个体总有一些小叶全裂,因此小叶及裂片数为(9)12～18(23);小叶宽椭圆形至卵圆形,通常两面无毛或背面疏生柔毛。     

益母草的染色体数目

Leonurus japonicus Houtt. [L. heterophyllus Sweet, L. artemisia  (Lour.) S.  Y. Hu]  is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines used as a remedy for gynaeco- logical disease since ancient times.  A cytological investigation on the species was carried out and the materials for chromosomal examination were collected from 26 localities in 20 provi- noes and autonomous regions of this country.  The number of chromosomes in root tip cell of the species was found to be 20 on the whole (Tab. 1:1), agreeing with those reported by Ma and al.[2] and probably by Chuang and al.[3] as well.      The genus Leonurus L. is variable in its  chromosomes with an aneuploidy of x=9, 10 and 12.  The present authors would propose that the primitive basic number of chromosome in the genus is 9, and thus both 10 and 12 are derived, for: (1) among the 9 species (including 1 sub- species) heretofore cytologically examined, x=9 occurring in 66.7%, x=10 occurring in 22.2%, while x=12 occurring only in 11.1%; (2) in generaclosely related to the genus under considera- tion, such as Panzeria, Galeobdolon and Lamium x=9 being the sole basic number.      But L. japonicus exhibits a mixoploidy of 2n=20 (occurring at the rate of 53.30% of the total amount of cells examined), 2n=18 (30.70%), and 2n=16 (15.99%) in our work. (Table 1).  Since the original basic number of  chromosome of the genus is 9 as proposed above, 2n= 20 would be considered as a derived one and the occurrence of 2n=18 probably suggests an early evolutionary trend of 2n=18→20 of the pecies in question.     

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated activation of CDH1 suppresses metastasis of breast cancer in rats

BackgroundCancer is a life-threatening disease that affects approximately 18 million individuals worldwide. Breast cancer is the most common female neoplasm globally with more than 276,480 new cases of invasive breast cancer expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone in 2020. Genetic and epigenetic factors play role in the carcinogenesis and progression of this disease. In this study, MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cells were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid to either knock out CDK11 or to activate CDH1. Treated cells were allografted into the mammary glands of female rats (150–190 g, 6–8 weeks) to evaluate the capability of these cells to control cancer progression and metastasis.ResultsqPCR data revealed a significant downregulation of CDK11 and upregulation of CDH1. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays indicated the knockout of CDK11 and simultaneous activation of CDH1 resulted in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and accumulation of cells at G2. Meanwhile, the percentage of cells that underwent late apoptosis increased in both genome editing hits. Histopathological sectioning data indicated that untransfected MCF-7 cells were capable of developing tumors in the mammary gland and initiation g angiogenesis. Transfected cells significantly restricted cancer cell infiltration/invasion by minimally localizing tumors and inhibiting angiogenesis.ConclusionsAlthough further investigation is needed, the present data indicate the potentiality of using CRISPR/Cas9-based therapy as a promising approach to treat breast cancer. Impact: these data indicate targeting cancer-related genes via any genome editing tool might represent a novel approach to combat cancer.How to cite: Al-Mulhim F, Alqosaibi AI, Al-Muhnna A, et al. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated activation of CDH1 suppresses metastasis of breast cancer in rats. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.06.002     

Effects of foreign acquisitions on R&D activity: Evidence from firm-level data for France

This paper investigates the causal effect of foreign acquisitions on the research and development (R&D) activities of domestic target firms over the period 1994–2004. Using accounting data on French innovative manufacturing firms, we implement appropriate difference-in-difference estimation techniques associated with a matching propensity score procedure. We find that the acquisitions of French firms by foreign companies boost R&D spending. There is a simultaneous rise in the external and in-house R&D expenditures of French acquired firms. R&D is more contracted out to local research providers, in particular to local public laboratories and universities. The increase in internal R&D spending benefits to development, but also basic and applied research. Finally, the growth of the R&D budget is not only financed by internal resources but also receives financing from external partners, especially parent companies. Thus, our results call into question the idea that foreign takeovers hamper the R&D development of target firms and are detrimental to the national innovation system of the host country. First, acquisitions appear to bring efficiency gains enough to counterbalance the various costs of integration and market power effects, pushing firms to invest more in R&D. Acquisitions do not seem to incite managers to take shorter term and more financial driven decisions at the expense of R&D. Second, when motivated by technology sourcing and overseas R&D development, acquisitions might be used to access the specific know-how of target firms and to tap into the knowledge of the national innovation system. Then, purchaser firms could be more likely to develop the innovative capability of target firms and to strengthen their linkages with local partners than to reduce them and relocate R&D abroad.     

百合科细胞分类学研究——(2)浙江产8属8种的染色体数目和核型报道

本文对浙江产的Disporum sessile， Tricyrtis macropodo，  Scilla rcilloides，Ophiopogon japoni-   cus,Liriope platyphylla和Allium macrostemon的核型作了分析，并报道了Polygonatum odoratum   和Asparagus cochinchinensis 的单倍体染色体数目。其中绝大多数为国产材料的首次记载。     

3D打印对供应链的影响

3D打印广泛应用于医疗、原型模型、替代零件等领域,美国3D打印市场仅2011年就达17亿美元,全球3D产业平均利润平均每年增长26%,引起了《经济学人》与中国工信部的高度关注,然而国内管理学界却对其研究甚少。本文综述了3D打印从供应链视角可能产生的变革,并且提出在科技创新洪流涌现的今天,学界应该加强研究关于破坏性创新技术对组织以及相关产业的影响。     

Heart of darkness: modeling public–private funding interactions inside the R&D black box

This paper is a first step toward closing the analytical gap in the extensive literature on the results of interactions between public and private R&D expenditures, and their joint effects on the economy. A survey focusing on econometric studies in this area reveals a plethora of sometimes confusing and frequently contradictory estimates of the response of company-financed R&D to changes in the level and nature of this category of public expenditures. Yet, a theoretical framework seldom is provided within which the empirical results are to be interpreted. Some such structure is necessary, in view of the multiple channels through which public research can affect private R&D performance, especially as not all the effects flow in the same direction. A major cause of “inconsistencies” in the empirical literature is the failure to recognize key differences among the various policy “experiments” being considered — depending upon the economy in which they are embedded, and the type of public sector R&D spending that is contemplated. Using a simple, stylized structural model, we identify the main channels of impact of public R&D. We thus can characterize the various effects, distinguishing between short- and long-run impacts that would show up in simple regression analyses of nominal public and private R&D expenditure variables. Within the context of our simple model it is possible to offer interpretations that shed light on recent cross-section and panel data findings at both high (i.e., national) and low (specific technology area) levels of aggregation.     

How national institutions influence technology policies and firms’ knowledge-building strategies: A study of fuel cell innovation across industrialized countries

The central thesis advanced in this study is that firms’ knowledge-building strategies can be usefully explained by the variations in their national institutional contexts. Using an inductive approach, a study of fuel cell innovation across the U.S., France, Japan and Norway demonstrates how countries’ socio-political institutions – characterized by their levels of statism and corporatism – contribute to variations in technology policies pertaining to investment, collaboration, internationalization, and diversity. These technology policies are sources of advantages (and disadvantages) for firms, with implications for their knowledge-building strategies. The proposed theoretical framework is especially relevant in the context of industry emergence and R&D internationalization.     

Determinants of R&D investment: The Extreme-Bounds-Analysis approach applied to 26 OECD countries

This paper investigates the determinants of R&D investment at the national level with an emphasis on the roles of patent rights protection, international technology transfer through trade and FDI, and economic growth, in addition to the essentials of human capital accumulation and the number of scientific researchers. The Extreme-Bounds-Analysis (EBA) approach is applied to examine the robustness and sensitivity of these factors.The results of the EBA tests on data from 26 OECD countries from 1996 to 2006 showed that tertiary education and the proportion of scientific researchers in a country were robust determinants that had positive effects on R&D intensity. Foreign technology inflows had a robust and negative impact on domestic R&D. Patent rights protection and the income growth rate are fragile determinants of R&D investment.     

广西产学研合作创新的绩效评价分析

广西产学研合作的科技产出效率水平偏低,分析产学研产出的影响因素及如何配置创新资源是提高广西产学研合作创新效率的关键。通过以投入—产出为合作创新绩效评价指标,运用灰色关联模型分析产学研产出的影响因素,结果显示广西产学研合作创新产出绩效与科技机构数、RD经费内部支持关联较大,与RD人员、政府支出、企业支出关联较小,与GDP关联性最小;运用DEA模型分析产学研创新绩效效率,结果显示产学研创新绩效水平低下,创新资源配置不合理,投入冗余,产出不足。     

青海省R&D活动投入效率评价及影响机制

在分析青海省R&D活动总量及结构现状和存在问题基础上,采用基于数据包络分析(DEA)的CCR模型和Malmquist生产率指数,对2000-2017年青海省R&D活动的静态投入效率和动态投入效率进行测算评价,且考察青海省R&D活动投入效率的影响机制.研究发现:青海省R&D活动投入效率总体偏低,在西北5省区及国内30个省份处于下游水平;从静态投入效率看,综合效率和规模效率均较低,纯技术效率相对有效,规模效益处于规模递增状态;从动态投入效率看,技术进步缓慢和技术效率改善不明显拖累了全要素生产率增长;研发人员、对外开放和创新环境指标水平提升显著促进青海省R&D活动投入效率提升,但研发经费和政府支持对青海省R&D活动投入效率提升作用不显著.研究结论时青海省科技发展的政策含义包括应充分发挥政府资金引导作用,加强人才引进和培育力度,积极促进科技成果吸收转化,以及营造高质量科技创新环境等.     

Overseas R&D, knowledge sourcing, and patenting: an empirical study of Japanese R&D investment in the US

This paper purports to study the contribution of R&D at home and abroad to the firm’s inventive activity, using a sample of 137 Japanese multinationals. The empirical analysis relates the number of inventions in Japan and that in the US, as measured by the number of patents issued by the USPTO, to the parent’s R&D, the US subsidiaries’ R&D, the presence of R&D in Europe, the firm’s experience in the US, entry mode, and industry dummies. In addition, to study the subsidiary’s role in sourcing local technological knowledge, we construct indices of local technological strength of the state in which the subsidiary is located. The results, most importantly, indicate that these indices positively contribute to inventions at home and in the US among Type R firms, whose R&D subsidiaries mainly aim to research, suggesting that knowledge sourcing is an important function of these subsidiaries and locational choice is important for this purpose. These results do not hold among Type S firms, whose R&D subsidiaries mainly aim to support local manufacturing and sales activities.     

Exploration versus exploitation in technology firms: The role of compensation structure for R&D workforce

We investigate the relationship between a firm’s compensation structure and the extent to which its innovation is more exploration versus exploitation oriented. Specifically, we assess two aspects of a firm’s compensation design—horizontal dispersion within job levels and vertical tournament incentives between job levels. A six-year panel of compensation records of 671,028 employees working at 81 U.S.-based high technology firms between 1997 and 2002 are used to construct measures that characterize a firm's pay structure, which are linked to these firms’ patents filed in the U.S. We find that firms with higher-powered tournament incentives in vertical compensation structure report higher fraction of innovation directed towards exploration. Horizontal pay dispersion, on the other hand, shows a negative relationship with the exploration in firms where R&D employees’ age variance is low. In firms where R&D employees’ age variance is high, the negative relationship between horizontal pay dispersion and exploration is muted.     

一些配位过渡金属或稀土连结的多钼酸化合物的合成、结构及性能研究（英文）

利用简单的手性有机配体L-酒石酸成功地合成出了一系列类似DNA螺旋构型的左、右旋的一维链状聚合物：{A[Mo2VIO4LnIII(H2O)6(C4H2O6)2]·4H2O}n (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Ho, Yb, Y; C4H2O6 = L- 或 D-酒石酸； A = NH4 或 H3O)。通过水热法，巧妙地把传统的钼氧单核{MoO4}、双核{Mo2O7}以及{Mo8O26}等结构单元，通过有机配体配位的过渡金属单元交错地连接成零、一、二、三维的一系列结构新颖的化合物，这类化合物大多数具有可以容纳客体小分子的隧道或空穴，如 [Cu(4,4’-bpy)]2MoO4·2H2O，[Cu(4,4’-bpy)]2Mo2O7，[Cu(4,4’-bpy)(Hnic)(H2O)]2Mo8O26等。首次利用水热法合成出了含稀土的杂多酸类化合物，[Gd(H2O)3]3[GdMo12O42]·3H2O。该化合物是由Silverton-型的 [GdMo12O42]9- 阴离子和配位的Gd3+ 阳离子组成的。在[GdMo12O42]9- 离子中首次把顺磁性的钆(III)离子引入到该构型的中心，并且通过九配位的钆(III)离子把它们连接成具有介孔结构的三维网状化合物。该化合物的获得为今后合成类似化合物提供了一个很好的范例。在水热法合成出的化合物，[Cu2(C8H6N2)2(C7H6N2)]2[Mo8O26] 中，首次捕捉到喹喔啉的氧化产物苯并咪唑，证明了在水热条件下含氮的芳香杂环类的有机配体可以被二价铜氧化，其氧化产物进而作为配体直接与铜原子配位，最终形成新颖的上述化合物。     

基于AVR单片机图像采集系统的设计

设计了一种基于AVR单片机的图像采集系统,主要用于煤矿井下图像监控。便于发生矿难时及时了解救生舱内人员状况和周围环境,建立有效的营救措施。图像采集模块由OV7670图像传感器和FIFO组成,采集RGB565格式QVGA大小的BMP图像,数据经RS485通信上传至上位机显示,同时将上传的图像以BMP格式保存在SD卡中。     

我国八种特有植物的染色体观察

 A report of chromosome numbers for eight species endemic to China is made in the paper, including first counts for 4 genera and 4 species and first karyoty- pic analyses of two species. Sinojohnstonia chekiangensis (Migo) W. T. Wang (Boraginaceae) 2n=24*; Coptis chinenis Franch (Ranunculaceae) 2n=18**; Dichocarpum dalzielii (Drumm. et Hutch.) W. T. Wang et Hsiao (Ranunculaceae)      2n=24*;      Eomecon chionantha Hance (Papaveraceae) 2n=18;      Camptotheca acuminata Dcne.  (Nyssaceae) 2n=44;       Calycanthus chinensis Cheng et S. Y. Chang (Calycanthaceae) 2n=22**;      Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Eucommiaceae) n=17;      Pinellia pedatisecta Schott (Araceae) 2n=26;      The previous reports of chromosome numbers of the same groups are compared with our own (See Table 1). The vouchers for the present study are preserved in the Herba- rium of Futan University.     

Arginase Activity and Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) Ratio in the Amniotic Fluid of Pregnant Women

Arginase activity is important in polyamines and nitric oxide production which are required for the normal growth of placenta and embryo. A considerable arginase activity is observed in amniotic fluid in women at the end of pregnancy. Lecithin to sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio is widely used in order to assess fetal lung immaturity and prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, the major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of our study was to determine if there is a relationship between arginase activity and L/S ratio in amniotic fluid. The study included 170 pregnant women, 18–43 years old, with normal and pathological pregnancy. The arginase activity was measured on the basis of the determination of the amount of liberated ornithine from arginine as substrate. The L/S ratio was done by using a thin layer chromatography. Increased level of arginase activity correlates with the fetal lung maturity. Arginase activity and L/S values may be useful biochemical data, for intrauterine baby maturity.     

中国凤尾蕨属细胞学的初步研究

本文报道了中国产10种凤尾蕨属植物和2种蕨属和栗蕨属植物的细胞学研究结果。  在凤尾蕨   属中，8种是多倍体或具有多倍体细胞型，4种是无性孢子繁殖的后代，6种实际上是种复合体或种复合   体成员，单纯有性生殖的二倍体只有2种。凤尾蕨至少具有9条孢子发生路线，在其同一个体上除了产   生二倍孢子外，还可能产生少量加倍或多倍孢子；广义的蜈蚣草实际上是个种复合体，其祖先的二倍体   细胞型广泛分布于中国亚热带地区说明这里可能是该复合体的起源中心；岩凤尾蕨具有不寻常的染色  体数目n＝55，这说明在本属和本科中可能存在着非整倍体进化。