Faculty – Personalstrukturen an US-amerikanischen Universit?ten Ein Vergleich zwischen dem ?sterreichischen und dem US-amerikanischen System

US-amerikanische Universit?ten sind in Zeiten, in denen sich auch das Wissenschaftssystem in europ?ischen L?ndern in einem starken Wandel befindet, aus unterschiedlichen Gründen einen Vergleich wert, gelten sie doch gemeinhin als besonders leistungsf?hige Institutionen im Rahmen einer globalen Wissensgesellschaft. Jedes Bildungswesen ist ein komplexes System, und in Anbetracht seiner Systemhaftigkeit liegt es auf der Hand, dass einzelne Systemelemente aus anderen L?ndern nicht ohne weiteres übertragen oder in ein anders geartetes Ambiente eingefügt werden k?nnen. Im Folgenden werden die Personalstrukturen des US-amerikanischen und des ?sterreichischen Hochschulsystems miteinander verglichen, sie werden in ihren Vorzügen und Schw?chen analysiert und in das jeweilige institutionelle Gefüge eingebettet.     

How to protect the chromosomal ends? Telomerase, chromosome stability and aging

The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was jointly awarded to three scientists — Elizabeth H Blackburn, Carol W Greider and Jack W Szostak — for their work during early 1980s and 1990s which helped unravel the molecular mechanisms of protection of chromosomal ends by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase. Their discovery has had major implications in the fields of ageing and cancer research. Blackburn and Greider are the ninth and tenth women scientist, to get this award in physiology or medicine and this is the first time that two women scientists have shared the prize.     

Ya B Zeldovich (1914–1987) Chemist, nuclear physicist, cosmologist

Ya B Zeldovich was a pre-eminent Soviet physicist whose seminal contributions spanned many fields ranging from physical chemistry to nuclear and particle physics, and finally astrophysics and cosmology. This article attempts to convey some of the zest with which he did science and the important role he played in fostering and mentoring a whole generation of talented Soviet scientists.     

Kosambi’s vision of science A critical appreciation

Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi (1907–1966) was an eminent mathematician, scientist, innovative Marxist, a maverick scholar, and historian of contemporary India. Combining both versatility and a certain sense of virtuosity Kosambi made seminal contributions to a wide variety of disciplines spread across from pure and applied mathematics to archaeology and Indology. In the course of these writings he provided an incisive analysis of various developments in science and technology and novel perspectives onmany topics related to mathematics (especially in number theory and statistics), genetics and India’s past history, present concerns, and future growth.     

Aerobasics — An introduction to aeronautics 2. The atmosphere

Aircraft of all types dynamically interact with the atmosphere generate forces required for lift and propulsion. Properties of the atmosphere and their variations over geographic locations and altitude are thus relevant to aircraft flight operations. This article presents some facts about the atmosphere and indicates their relevance to flight.     

Aerobasics — An introduction to aeronautics 12. Safety in aviation

Public awareness of airplane safety is very high due to the spectacular nature of airplane accidents. Partly as a result, civil airplane operations are tightly regulated at all levels from design to operation and maintenance. Scheduled airline operations have thus been able achieve a very high level of safety. In this article we quantify the safety of flight operations and indicate the design concepts like fail safety and safe life used in achieving a high level of safety. As an illustration, we consider the safety of a flight of a twin engine airplane in the event of one engine failure.     

Aerobasics — An introduction to aeronautics 15. Mini and micro airplanes

There is much current interest in small unmanned airplanes weighing about five kilograms all the way down to about 100 grams. Even such small airplanes are capable of performing useful surveillance missions in peace time and during conflicts. As these airplanes operate at very low flight speeds in the range of about 10–20 m/s, their performance is strongly affected by the low Reynolds numbers characteristic of such flight. In this article, we consider the special aerodynamic and propulsion problems associated with the flight of such small airplanes.     

Ehrenfest’s theorem and nonclassical states of light 1. Ehrenfest’s theorem in quantum mechanics

When it was first enunciated, Ehrenfest’s Theorem provided a necessary and important link between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics. Today, the content of the theorem is understood to be a natural and immediate consequence of the equation of motion for operators when quantum mechanics is formulated in the Heisenberg picture. Nevertheless, the theorem leads to useful approximations when systems with Hamiltonians of higher than quadratic order in the dynamical variables are considered. In this two-part article, we use it to provide a convenient illustration of the differences between so-called classical and nonclassical states of radiation.     

Unidirectional motion of vehicle on sinusoidal path Can it cause illusory forward and backward motion?

The feeling of being in motion, while observing a moving train passing nearby is a common experience. It is an example of relative motion where a stationary observer experiences an illusory motion caused by a vehicle moving in the opposite direction. It is however counter-intuitive to imagine periodic changes in the direction of relative motion, while the vehicle continues to move in one direction only. To an observer, sitting inside the moving vehicle, periodic changes in direction can lead to the illusion of being in oscillatory forward and backward relative motion. This article, using a simple mathematical model describes how the unidirectional motion of vehicle on a sinusoidal path can lead to the illusion of being in periodic forward and backward relative motion. This work has emerged out of a real life experience during a train journey on the hilly curves from Kalka to Shimla.     

中国大学是教授治校吗?

中国大学是教授治校吗?回答是"肯定的"。有的人看到使用引号作出这样的断语既感不适也会感到疑惑,人们不禁要问:这是什么意思?喜欢这些文字的人不可沾沾自喜;反对这种"观点"的人也不要横眉冷对。因为,中国大学的现状既     

对外汉语在线教学的问题与优化策略撤回

近年来,在线教学以其超越空间限制的优势成为国内对外汉语教学领域不可替代的核心教学方式。与国内学生的在线教学相比,留学生的在线教学因为跨境、跨文化等原因,在网络、时差、学生学习积极性及教师教学方法等方面出现了更多、更复杂的问题。针对此种情况,教师需要从教学实践出发,在课程安排与课堂内容设计两方面进行分析梳理、深入思考并提出优化策略,以保障对外汉语在线教学的质量和中国语言文化的弘扬传播。     

笳的传入时代与形制特征考论全文替换

赋、《乐府诗集》与中国传统音乐艺术有密切的关联。笳的传入时代有先秦传入说、西汉传入说,以后者更为可信。乐器特点包括：指孔方面,经考证,三国时存在一种至少四孔之笳,音阶为浊商（bD）、角（E）、徵（G）、清羽（#A）,也有三孔胡笳、无指孔者;有低音吹奏乐器,也有音域较广的胡笳;关于簧,既有有簧的笳,宋代也存在过无簧的笳;有竖吹的,一说其吹奏方法类如吹篪。胡笳独奏、齐奏的音乐美学风格包括“操笳扬清”的中和之美,雄壮、孔武有力的崇高美学风格,浪漫主与现实主义美学风格的交融;与其他乐器合奏、协奏时有特定的美学宗尚,在协奏时有“协节”作用。三国时期秋节出现了与笳有关的音乐消遣文化。     

黑龙江省高校毕业生留省就业现状与对策研究撤回

作为高素质人才,高校毕业生是经济社会建设与发展中最活跃的力量。当前,黑龙江省面临着人才流失的“东北部困境”,缺乏人才吸引力。在此背景下,黑龙江省高校毕业生的就业去向直接影响到人才的流动和地方经济社会的发展。基于此,选取黑龙江省高校毕业生作为研究对象,通过对黑龙江省高校毕业生留省就业现状及影响因素等进行调查、分析与探索,并尝试提出针对性的政策建议,为地方政府留人、引人、用人提供参考与借鉴,助力地方经济与社会发展。     

温情导生关系的困境与路径全文替换

现代中国社会理性化使部分导生关系走向了异化,这种异化会导致研究生与导师的关系不够温情。现代社会的泛理化不断挤压情感空间,用理性控制情感的方式成为优势惯习,他们按契约的形式被动履行义务,情感被压制,这导致导生关系温情不再。而中国人情社会特性和导生原有人情惯习又塑造着对温情关系的强烈期待,在具有矛盾的理性作用逻辑与人情惯习的共同影响下,导生关系的现实与理想张力加剧。缓解张力、改善此部分导生关系应从打造有边界的情、理及二者混合空间的研究生教育场域着手,构建生活化的导生情感空间,重塑温情的导生关系。     

工作坊模式在高职院校就业创业教育改革中的实践研究撤回

为适应新业态、新职业的发展趋势,提升高职院校学生就业能力,高职院校须重视大学生的就业创业课程体系建设。现阶段就业与创业教育多以传统的教师授课为主,学生停留在就业创业知识接受层面,学生参与度低,无法提高就业过程中的职业胜任力。而工作坊教学模式可以通过真实的工作场景将知识模块化,继而转化为能力。作者在就业创业教育教学改革中,试图将工作坊教学模式应用于就业创业教育教学体系的重构中,以发掘新就业形态下,行业、企业、职业、岗位对员工素质能力的需求为出发点,以求职者职业能力培养为导向,为高职院校就业创业实践性教学提供参考。     

《孔雀东南飞》中人物情感与伦理认知的冲突撤回

本文针对《孔雀东南飞》普遍的主题理解,即将焦母与刘兄作为封建礼教的代表,将刘兰芝焦仲卿作为批判封建礼教的承载者这一观点,通过文本细读,分析诗歌人物的情感,发掘了人物潜藏的伦理认知,包括对待婆婆与母亲、对待兄长的伦理规范认知。进而确定诗歌主旨的实现方式并非外在的批判对象——反抗者形式,而是内在的人物情感意愿——人物理性冲突形式。     

校企共培“双师型”教师有效运行机制的系统设计撤回

建构校企共培“双师型”教师运行机制需要遵循校企供需匹配、匹配合作伙伴、科学实施培养、共培效果评价等流程;制定及实施校企共培“双师型”教师方案应进行需求分析、设计完善方案、方案有效推进、实施效果评价;强化校企共培“双师型”教师成果应用路径,需找准校企共培“双师型”教师成果应用的理论依据、分析影响校企共培“双师型”教师成果应用的因素及制定校企共培“双师型”教师成果应用的措施。     

高职院校梯度化双师型教师队伍建设策略研究全文替换

高职院校的教师肩负着促进学生职业能力发展的重要责任。随着科技的发展,各行各业对高职教师的要求越来越高、越来越具体,因此建设高质量的双师型教师队伍是当务之急。双师型教师既需要有专业知识,又需要具有相关专业实践技能。目前,我国双师型教师队伍建设在定位标准、队伍结构、培养机制等方面面临的问题,制约了我国职业教育未来的高质量发展。在新的发展背景下,应建设梯度化的双师型教师队伍,并从梯度划分、认定标准、培养机制和考核制度等方面激发教师的能动性,提高教育教学质量,为职业教育高质量发展提供有力支撑。     

Creativity or musical intelligence?: A comparative study of improvisation/improvisation performance by European and African musicians

This paper describes an investigation into the nature of musical intelligence and its links with creativity across two continents, Europe and Africa. In seeking to indentify the intellectual processes associated with musical intelligence, improvised music was examined as an example of problem solving in this domain. Twenty-four musicians (twelve European and twelve Zimbabwean) functioning at three different levels of expertise - novices, experienced practitioners and professionals - were invited to perform two pieces of improvisation and to reflect upon their performances. An empirical phenomenological approach to analysis was employed. The results show that musical intelligence in this form is both contextually bound but also takes the form of self-expression, self-actualisation, story telling, communication, and social critique. Different levels of ability are illustrated by different levels of abstraction in processing.     

微媒体背景下辅导员思想政治教育工作研究全文替换

随着互联网科技的发展,微信、微博等平台凭借着即时互动、资源丰富等优势赢得了高校学生的青睐,成为大学生日常学习交流和传播思想的主要载体,这一方面让大学生的思想更加活跃,为高校辅导员开展思想政治教育工作带来了一定机遇;另一方面,微媒体的开放性也为思想政治教育工作提出了新的挑战。分析了微媒体对高校辅导员开展思想政治教育工作的积极影响和现实挑战,从构建思想政治教育微平台、提升高校辅导员职业素质、发挥主体作用实现自我管理三方面,提出微媒体背景下高校辅导员开展思想政治教育的创新路径。