儿童兴趣观:杜威对赫尔巴特的超越

针对当前教育界对赫尔巴特和杜威在儿童兴趣观上的争议,将儿童兴趣观放在两位伟人各自理论体系中加以考察,发现杜威的兴趣观在以下三方面超越了赫尔巴特:在兴趣与教育目的关系上,杜威的"教育内在目的论"把兴趣作为"目的"和"手段"的统一体,超越了赫尔巴特将兴趣视为实现最高教育目的"德行"的手段;在兴趣与课程关系上,杜威的经验课程比赫尔巴特的分科课程更易与儿童过去经验相衔接;在兴趣与教学关系上,赫尔巴特仅仅将兴趣作为教师开展教学的工具,而杜威的活动教学法强调儿童从自己熟悉的活动开始,在发展兴趣的同时也完成了自身的成长和发展,从而使儿童的潜力得到充分发展。     

对教育中儿童的再认识——基于杜威“儿童中心论”的视角

在传统教育中,儿童的地位和价值并没有得到足够的重视,由此给教育带来了诸多不利影响。"儿童中心论"是杜威思想的一个重要方面,该理论是杜威在批判传统教育的基础上提出来的教育观。杜威认为,教育应重视"儿童期",儿童是教育的出发点,应该尊重儿童的天性和兴趣。杜威的儿童观对我国当前应试大环境下的学校教育有重要的借鉴意义,有利于进一步深化当前我国的课程领域综合改革。     

兴趣是最好的老师——杜威的“兴趣观”及其现实意义

兴趣是求知的前提、学习的动力、成才的起点，兴趣在促进儿童的智力发展中具有积极的作用。杜威是历史上较为系统的阐述“兴趣”的教育家之一。分析、阐述杜威的“兴趣观”，在关注儿童主动性、关注儿童的兴趣、推行素质教育的今天有其现实意义。     

论杜威经验课程观及其在新课改中的落实

杜威经验课程观强调学生直接经验的获得,在活动中获得知识,提升创造力,促进儿童智慧的发展。教师应该从提高认识,设立新课程体系,提高师资,加大财力投入等方面保证新课改实现杜威课程观的经验特征。     

"儿童·教育·社会"有机统一的观念——杜威儿童中心观之内涵

杜威是20世纪现代"儿童中心主义"思潮的集大成者,其儿童中心观的内涵是"儿童、教育与社会相互作用、有机统一".该观点源于杜威教育理论中的生长论、个人/社会理论与经验论,并且是这三个理论在儿童教育上的有机结合.本文分析了杜威儿童中心观与上述三个理论的渊源,并在此基础上将它的内涵归纳为"从做中学"、"学校即社会",最后分析了其现实意义.     

儿童观转变与教师教育——杜威的思考及给我们的启示

儿童观的转变是教师教育的重要内容之一。现代儿童观的转变与杜威的研究有重要联系。杜威从美国社会的变革出发,从历史和现实的角度分析了儿童被动发展的原因,批评了旧教育对儿童发展的负面影响,提出了培养儿童主动性和创造性的思想,并对教师教育提出了新的要求。杜威的儿童观和教师教育的观点对于我们改革教师教育是有意义的。     

"做中学"之历史及其在我国发展沿革

一、"做中学"的理论溯源 "做中学"由美国现代著名实用主义教育家约翰·杜威最早提出.在杜威看来,教育应该以儿童的本能为基础,提供必要的环境刺激,促使儿童与生俱来的能力发展.教育不能把与儿童本性相违背的东西作为目标,因为"教育就是生长,在它自身之外,没有别的目的.学校教育的价值,它的标准,就看它创造继续生长的愿望到什么程度,看它实现这种愿望提供方法到什么程度".而对于大多说人来说,制作的兴趣和本能最为突出,由此确定了"做中学"在教学中的主体地位.     

对杜威经验观的再思考——基于《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》的视角

《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》对幼儿经验获得的要求体现了“经验”对幼儿教育的价值,隐含着杜威提出的“教育即经验的不断改造”的思想.从杜威的经验观理解幼儿的学习,则幼儿在生活、游戏和各种活动中的经验即学习.幼儿的这种“经验”是静态的结果,更是动态的过程;既蕴涵了主动的尝试,也涵盖了尝试后的有益获得.把握杜威经验观的内涵有助于幼儿教师在新时期更好地执行《指南》的要求.     

学生发展"基础"研究的历史探源及启示

夸美纽斯完整教学体系的提出为探讨学生发展"基础"问题提供了制度前提;斯宾塞"什么知识最有价值"的提问是"基础"意识在知识选择上的萌芽;杜威从"儿童准备说"到"儿童即生长"的儿童观是具有革命性的"基础观"的变革;杜威、布鲁纳等人认为教学过程是实现"基础"的课堂教学承载.从历史探源可以看出,"基础"、"基础性"是一个内涵丰富但研究范畴并不明确的概念,必须坚持以发展观、系统观为方法论才能全面认识它;同时,必须坚持科学的儿童发展观并在"关系"中探讨此问题.     

美国进步主义教育思潮及其启示

一、进步主义教育思潮的主要观点及简评综观进步主义思潮的发展历程,可以看出,其主要观点集中在以下五方面。1.以儿童为中心的学生观。1920年,进步主义教育协会公布了“七点原则声明”,阐述了以儿童为中心的教育观。杜威依据詹姆士的机能主义心理学提出,教育的任务就是要根据儿童本能生长的不同阶段供给他适当的材料,促进本能的表现与发展。因此,教育应该是主动的,应该与儿童的兴趣相联系。他批评学校工作效率低下的主要原因是忽视了儿童的主动发展;认为教学应该“使儿童将经验中所接触的各种东西不断地形成明确、生动和成长中的表象。”[1]…     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.