新疆少数民族大学生流行文化现象调查与调适

少数民族大学生是各少数民族青年群体中的优秀代表,对本民族的发展和民族文化进步影响巨大;流行文化对大学生群体的文化养成、思想政治教育和行为选择具有引导性。本文选取新疆12所高校,对新疆13个世居少数民族大学生展开调查,分析了新疆少数民族大学生流行文化现象及其影响因素,提出通过文化教育引导,增强中华文化认同,鼓励各民族文化交流的调适对策。以期对新疆少数民族大学生文化教育提供借鉴。     

新疆高校少数民族大学生足球意识的培养

足球运动在新疆少数民族中具有广泛的群众基础,大部分少数民族学生的个人足球技术要强于他们自身的足球意识。本文借助高校足球选项课教学,认为结合少数民族大学生的实践和业余等特点,进行多方面的学习,可以提高他们的足球水平,培养其观察、应变等多方面能力,可以促使大学生形成良好的足球意识。     

新疆高校少数民族大学生武术课程建设的思考

武术教学是高校体育教学的重要组成部分,本文从新疆高校少数民族大学生的武术课程的课程目标,课程内容,课程实施以及课程评价等方面进行分析研究,对新疆少数民族大学生的武术课程教学质量提高提出建议。     

新疆高校少数民族学生武术教学现状与分析

新疆少数民族习武历史悠久,武术项目开设的学校较多而且富有深厚的传统文化底蕴,深受大学生的喜爱。武术在高校体育教学占有重要的地位,有着其它项目不可替代的作用。文章运用问卷调查、专家访谈法、数理统计、逻辑分析等研究方法对新疆20所高校的少数民族大学生进行了问卷调查,揭示了新疆高校少数民族大学生参加武术学习和锻炼的现状,并针对存在的问题提出了相应的对策,以期从中找出共性规律,为新疆高校武术课程改革提供有益的参考。     

对大学生篮球运动员篮板球意识的分析与研究

对大学生篮球运动员抢篮板球意识进行分析研究，旨在提高大学生的篮球运动水平，以使篮球运动真正成为大学生强身健体的一项体育运动。     

构建现代普通高校高水平篮球队体系的研究

20 0 5年后我国教育部将承担参加世界大学生运动会的重任。面对世界大学生篮球运动水平的迅速提高 ,以及我国现代大学生篮球运动的水平 ,要完成此项任务 ,我们必须与时俱进 ,尽快转变观念 ,构建普通高校高水平篮球队的新体系。     

探讨适合少数民族女大学生特点的篮球专选课教学法

篮球运动是一项技术性较强,素质要求较全面的运动项目,在普通高校的体育课中占有重要的地位。篮球运动以它的广泛性、应用性、娱乐性和竞赛性,既能全面发展身体素质,又能培养灵活勇敢的优良作风,十分适合大学生的心理和生理特点,深受大学生的欢迎,很多女大学生都愿意选修篮球这门课。但是,根据我们在多年的教学实践,给民族院校的少数民族女生上篮球课,按教学任务却难以完成。主要原因是:     

新疆少数民族大学生体质状况与生活方式相关调研

为探讨新疆少数民族大学生体质状况、生活方式以及两者相互关系,对新疆大学、新疆师范大学和石河子大学共1046名少数民族大学生进行了生活方式的调查和体质状况的测试。生活方式调查采用《生活方式自评量表》,体质测试采用《学生体质健康标准》。结果显示,新疆少数民族大学生生活习惯表现参差不齐,有相当比例的学生存在各种不良生活方式,主要表现在运动不足,饮食结构不尽合理,应激控制能力欠缺方面;同时,体育锻炼与身体成分、体质综合得分均呈现一定程度的正相关。     

刍议篮球教学训练中运动意识的培养

篮球运动是我国高等学校体育课程的主要内容之一,在教学过程中紧抓基础教育并将其运动意识贯穿于基本技术教学之中,从而提高大学生的篮球运动水平。     

第23届世界大学生运动会中国篮球代表队选拔赛技术统计与分析

通过第23届世界大学生运动会中国篮球代表队选拔赛共计12场比赛的临场技术统计数据进行分析,反映我国大学生男子篮球水平现状,探讨提高大学生篮球运动水平的途径。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.