网络用户对在线医评信息查寻过程的实验研究

[目的/意义]作为健康信息的一种,在线医评信息对用户医疗决策十分重要。研究用户查寻在线医评信息的过程,挖掘存在的障碍,有助于优化医评网站设计、促进医生在线服务和满足用户健康信息查寻需求。[方法/过程]采用检索实验、内容分析、发声思考和问卷调查等方法,从查寻表现、查寻阶段和查寻障碍3个方面分析在线医评信息这一特定情景下用户的查寻行为及存在问题。[结果/结论]结果显示教育水平和健康信息检索技能与在线医评信息查寻表现正向相关。在线医评信息查寻过程模型包括医生初筛、医评信息检索、浏览、对比、验证和利用6个阶段。健康信息检索技能和甄别能力弱、医评网站评论数量少、医院官网和医评网站可用性差以及医评网站与线下医疗服务融合程度低是影响用户查寻在线医评信息的主要障碍。     

Uncertainty in information seeking and retrieval: A study in an academic environment

This research focuses specifically on uncertainty and information seeking in a digital environment. In this research we argue that different types of uncertainty are associated with the information seeking process and that, with the proliferation of new and different search tools, sources and channels, uncertainty, positive/desirable or negative/undesirable, continues to be a significant factor in the search process. Users may feel uncertain at any stage of the information search and retrieval process and uncertainty may remain even after completion of the process resulting in what may be called persistent uncertainty. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from users in the higher education sector. There were three parts to the questionnaire focusing on: information seeking activities, information seeking problems, and access to specific information channels or sources. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the data collected through the online questionnaire. A total of 668 responses were returned from the chosen user categories of academic staff, research staff and research students. This research has shown that there are some information seeking activities and information seeking problems that are the most common causes of uncertainty among significant number of users from different disciplines, age, gender, ICT skills, etc. This is also the case with respect to access to and use of specific information sources/channels, although the degrees of uncertainty in relation are relatively small. Possible implications of this study and further research issues are indicated.     

学术信息合作查寻行为及其动机剖析

随着Web2.0技术的广泛普及和科学研究任务的复杂性提高,信息查寻领域的单用户范式越来越显示出局限性。基于此,本文阐述了科研工作者合作信息查寻行为研究的基本进展,从个案观察分析法、访谈法、调查统计分析法3个不同视角反映学术信息合作查寻的通用研究方法,并针对研究任务的复杂性、研究任务的创新性、科研工作者的知识结构和认识能力、信息查寻的社会性4个层面,提出了科研工作者合作信息查寻行为发生的动机,讨论了其对信息查寻环境优化、查寻系统构建与改进的影响。

Abstract：

With the wide popularization of Web2.0 technology and the growing complexity of the task for scientific research,the single user paradigm in information seeking field has more and more limitations.Based on this,this paper introduces the basic development of the research on collaborative information seeking behaviors of scientific research personnel.The paper reflects the general research method of academic information collaborative seeking from 3 different perspectives of case observation analysis,interviews,and investigation statistical analysis.The paper puts forward the motivation of scientific research personnel in collaborative information seeking from 4 aspects,that is,the complexity of research task,the innovation of research task,the knowledge structure and cognition capability of scientific research personnel,and the sociality of information seeking.Finally,the paper discusses the influences on the optimization of information seeking environment,and the construction and improvement of the information seeking system.     

不同群体规模下青少年协同信息查寻认知差异研究

[目的/意义]探究群体规模对青少年协同信息查寻认知的影响,为青少年协同信息查寻研究提供新视角,也为青少年协同信息查寻任务合适群体规模的选取等实践操作提出指导建议.[方法/过程]将82名青少年划分为不同群体规模,采用模拟实验和问卷调查收集数据,并进行单因素多变量方差分析.[结果/结论]不同群体规模的青少年协同信息查寻在情...     

Breakdowns in collaborative information seeking: A study of the medication process

Collaborative information seeking is integral to many professional activities. In hospital work, the medication process encompasses continual seeking for information and collaborative grounding of information. This study investigates breakdowns in collaborative information seeking through analyses of the use of the electronic medication record adopted in a Danish healthcare region and of the reports of 5 years of medication incidents at Danish hospitals. The results show that breakdowns in collaborative information seeking is a major source of medication incidents, that most of these breakdowns are breakdowns in collaborative grounding rather than information seeking, that the medication incidents mainly concern breakdowns in the use of records as opposed to oral communication, that the breakdowns span multiple degrees of separation between clinicians, and that the electronic medication record has introduced risks of new kinds of breakdown in collaborative information seeking. In working to prevent and recover from breakdowns in the seeking and sharing of information a focus on collaborative information seeking will point toward collaborative, organizational, and systemic reasons for breakdown and areas for improvement, rather than toward individual error.     

基于信息集交互的非合作审计动态策略研究

针对项目工程审计的复杂性、非合作性特征,本文选择在非合作动态博弈分析框架下,应用信息集交互理论,结合各类审计效率影响因素,构建了项目审计的双目标策略反应模型。模型针对项目工程审计中的策略行为进行了动态博弈分析。研究所获结论为:审计方应适度控制审计计划中触及项目工程关键信息的规模;减少重复性、非关键性信息审计作业的关键在于优化审与被审双方的关系模式;项目方对审计方策略反应的实质目标是审计方信息搜索的动机水平;审计过程中对关键审计信息的搜索动机应该予以策略性控制或隐匿。     

互联网环境下国外健康信息替代搜索研究的回顾与展望

[目的/意义]健康信息搜索对改善人们的健康水平具有重要作用。近年来由非医学专业人士辅助他人搜索健康信息的现象受到了学者的关注,对这一现象的研究将有助于弥合数字不平等对人们健康信息获取造成的差异。[方法/过程]以国外已有的相关研究成果为基础,梳理健康信息替代搜索的概念内涵和理论基础,并从现有文献的研究方法、影响因素和行为特征三个方面对健康信息替代搜索的知识体系进行分析,最后从理论研究和实践探索两个维度进行前沿展望。[结果/结论]研究发现,国外现有的健康信息替代搜索大多局限于现象层面的分析,对主体参与动机、信息交换过程和效果机制的研究都不够深入,我国图书情报领域的学者在这一研究方向上有进一步探索的空间。     

Temporal modeling of group information foraging: An application to emergency response

This work seeks to uncover and explain the dynamics of information foraging within small groups. The focus of this work is collaborative information foraging within multidisciplinary emergency response teams during the response to a simulated emergency. The study investigates how such groups distribute their effort between the activities of information seeking and handling (i.e., processing) for information that is unique (i.e., initially held by one member) versus common (i.e., initially held by multiple members). Temporal analysis is applied to the data from a laboratory study of three such groups. The results suggest that temporal analysis may be used to model distribution of effort between seeking and handling, but not how this effort is divided between common versus unique information sources. Opportunities for future research along these lines are identified and briefly discussed.     

The impact of cash incentives on TMT information seeking behavior in entrepreneurial firms

We explore the relationship between cash incentives for the top management team (TMT) and managerial information seeking from sources external to the firm. We hypothesize that TMT cash incentives in tandem with base compensation, the firm's technological intensity and use of an aggregate performance criterion influence TMT information seeking from customers and vendors/suppliers (what we refer to as affiliate sources). Our hypotheses are tested by using data obtained from CEOs and the TMT in 193 entrepreneurial firms. As hypothesized, our results suggest that: a) cash incentives influence TMT information seeking primarily from affiliate information sources, b) the effect of cash incentives on TMT information seeking from affiliate sources is much stronger in technology intensive firms, and c) use of aggregate performance criterion has a negative impact on information seeking from affiliate sources. Our findings also indicate that in technology intensive firms, the positive relationship between cash incentives and TMT information seeking from affiliate sources is strongly moderated by the base pay levels of executives – the relationship is much stronger when executive base pay is low.     

Collaborative information seeking: The combined activity of information seeking and collaborative grounding

Since common ground is pivotal to collaboration, this paper proposes to define collaborative information seeking as the combined activity of information seeking and collaborative grounding. While information-seeking activities are necessary for collaborating actors to acquire new information, the activities involved in information seeking are often performed by varying subgroups of actors. Consequently, collaborative grounding is necessary to share information among collaborating actors and, thereby, establish and maintain the common ground necessary for their collaborative work. By focusing on the collaborative level, collaborative information seeking aims to avoid both individual reductionism and group reductionism, while at the same time recognizing that only some information and understanding need be shared.     

我国城市居民健康信息搜寻行为影响因素分析

[目的/意义]本文旨在探索我国城市居民健康信息搜寻行为的影响因素并构建概念框架模型，以期为完善现实健康信息服务、提升健康信息使用效率提供理论借鉴，从而进一步提升城市居民健康水平、助力健康中国的建设。[方法/过程]采用半结构访谈法收集35名城市居民健康信息搜寻行为的相关数据，通过扎根理论归纳出影响城市居民健康信息搜寻行为的8个子范畴并聚焦为3个主范畴，以此构建健康信息搜寻行为影响因素模型。[结果/讨论]个人内驱因素和个人行为能力控制因素直接影响城市居民健康信息搜寻行为；社会环境因素则分别调节个人内驱因素和个人行为能力控制因素对健康信息搜寻行为影响的强度。     

On the value of information in system design: A framework for understanding and aiding designers

Computer-based decision support systems for designers are considered. The nature of system design is discussed in terms of alternative philosophies, processes and methods. The design task is characterized as a form of problem solving, which leads to discussion of types of design problem and designer/problem-solver, as well as training of designers/problem-solvers. This general background serves as a basis for analyzing information requirements for design. The value of information is defined as having three attributes: (1) reduction of uncertainty, (2) task relevance and (3) appropriateness of form. These attributes, in conjunction with characterizations of stages/tasks of design and approaches to stages/tasks, are used to determine information requirements and the consequent nature of information seeking. The results of this requirements analysis are employed as a basis for consideration of computer-aided information seeking. Types of information/aiding discussed include: facts, fantasies and feedback, as well as adaptive aiding and training, all of which are espoused as the key elements of flexible systems for computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering.     

社会化媒体环境下消费者持续信息共享意愿影响因素实证研究——基于信息搜寻和信息分享的同步视角

【目的/意义】社会化媒体是消费者信息共享的重要平台,探讨影响消费者持续信息共享的因素有助于社会化媒体管理者制定出更符合消费需求的针对性策略。【方法/过程】将信息共享意愿划分为信息搜寻意愿和信息分享意愿两个方面,同时从两个维度系统探索社会化媒体环境下消费者持续信息共享意愿的影响因素及作用机理。采用网络调查方法收集309份有效问卷,运用偏最小二乘法对研究模型和假设进行验证。【结果/结论】感知有用性对信息搜寻满意度、自我效能对信息分享满意度有正向影响,感知易用性对信息搜寻满意度和信息分享满意度有正向影响;信息搜寻满意度正向影响持续搜寻意愿,信息分享满意度正向影响持续分享意愿;挣面子倾向对持续信息搜寻和信息分享意愿有正向影响,而护面子倾向的影响正好相反。此外,持续信息搜寻意愿正向影响消费者持续信息分享意愿。     

How is professionals’ information seeking shaped by workplace procedures? A study of healthcare clinicians

Professional work is often regulated by procedures that shape the information seeking involved in performing a task. Yet, research on professionals’ information seeking tends to bypass procedures and depict information seeking as an informal activity. In this study we analyze two healthcare tasks governed by procedures: triage and timeouts. While information seeking is central to both procedures, we find that the coordinating nurses rarely engage in information seeking when they triage patients. Inversely, the physicians value convening for timeouts to seek information. To explain these findings we distinguish between junior and expert professionals and between uncertain and equivocal tasks. The triage procedure specifies which information to retrieve but expert professionals such as the coordinating nurses tend to perform triage, which is an uncertain task, by holistic pattern recognition rather than information seeking. For timeouts, which target an equivocal task, the procedure facilitates information seeking by creating a space for open-ended collaborative reflection. Both junior and expert physicians temporarily suspend patient treatment in favor of this opportunity to reflect on their actions, though partly for different reasons. We discuss implications for models of professionals’ information seeking.     

网络用户社会化信息搜寻能力实证研究

网络环境下,网络用户信息搜寻能力直接影响其信息的获取和利用水平。本文在结合网络用户信息搜寻行为特征的基础上,构建网络用户信息搜寻模型,并从收益和成本两个角度探究其中的影响因素。研究发现：信息搜寻收益、信息搜寻成本是网络用户信息搜寻能力的直接影响因素;信息搜寻意识、信息搜寻知识显著影响信息搜寻收益,信息搜寻知识、信息搜寻技能、信息搜寻平台显著影响信息搜寻成本,并通过它们影响信息搜寻能力;SNS社交环境显著影响信息搜寻意识、信息搜寻知识、信息搜寻技能,从而间接影响信息搜寻能力。     

Leader information seeking,team performance and team innovation: Examining the roles of team reflexivity and cooperative outcome interdependence

This study tested how and when leaders’ information seeking from team members influenced team performance and innovation. We developed and examined a model by considering team reflexivity as a mediator and cooperative outcome interdependence as a moderator. The sample comprised 83 work teams and 253 team members from a pharmaceutical firm in China. Multiple-source, time-lagged data were used to test our hypotheses. Based on the social information processing theory, the current study demonstrated that leader information seeking is positively linked to team performance and team innovation. These relationships were mediated by team reflexivity. Further, the positive relationship between leader information seeking and team reflexivity was enhanced when team cooperative outcome interdependence was higher. The indirect effect of leader information seeking on team performance and innovation via team reflexivity was stronger when team cooperative outcome interdependence was higher. We provide empirical and practical implications for information seeking in the workplace.     

信息素养对医务人员信息获取行为的影响

在循证医学的背景下,临床医生医学信息查询能力的高低直接关系到其临床实践的效果,本文主要针对临床医生的三大类信息需求:解决临床问题、追踪医学最新进展和提升个人地位进行统计分析,结合医生个人信息和信息查询习惯,采用调查问卷和访谈的方式,归纳出相应的信息行为特点。对部分内容分组用SPSS软件进行卡方检验,找出有明显差异的类组对其做出解释,以说明临床医生提高信息素养的必要性。     

交互式信息查寻的全信息分析

交互式信息查寻是网络环境下查寻行为的主要方式。本文将交互过程和全信息认知层次结合,从信息内容、系统、用户、环境的认知层次出发,具体阐述了基于界面语法交互、认知语义交互和状态语用交互,使对信息本身的认知同查寻过程和层次形成循环交互。