Automatic versus manual indexing

A comparative evaluation has been carried out on the Philips “DIRECT” and the British “INSPEC” retrieval system. DIRECT is based on automatic indexing whereas INSPEC uses manual subject indexing.Two queries were submitted to both systems, using the same data base. The results are expressed in terms of recall and precision. Both recall and precision of INSPEC were found to be higher than those of DIRECT by 20%. It is concluded that this is mainly a result of the query formulation. The effectiveness obtained with automatic indexing of documents is equivalent to that of the manual procedure.     

Robust stability testing function for a complex interval family of fractional-order polynomials

The robust stability of a family of interval fractional-order systems with complex coefficients is investigated in this study. The concept of “a family of interval fractional-order systems with complex coefficients” means that the characteristic function of a control system can be of both commensurate and non-commensurate orders, the coefficients of the characteristic function can be uncertain parameters, and may be complex numbers. At first, a simple graphical procedure is presented for robust stability analysis. The “robust stability testing function” is then extended to look at the robust conditions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no auxiliary function for analyzing the robust stability of the systems under investigation has been introduced until now. Moreover, lower and upper frequency bounds are provided which are useful to improve the computational efficiency of testing the robust stability conditions. Eventually, to verify the results, analytical examples and numerical simulations are provided.     

Elements of a semantic theory of information retrieval—I. The concepts of relevance and information language

The primary aim of this study is to suggest a formalized definition (“explication”) of “relevance relationship” between texts, including the explication of the concept of “degree of relevance”. The concept of information language (IL), its vocabulry and syntax and the notion of the “semantic power” of an information language are defined. The concept of ideally functioning information retrieval systems (IRS) is suggested and different kinds of deviations from such IRS are considered.     

基于流程的通信保障应急预案有效性评估模型及应用

通信保障应急预案体系是否合理有效,既是突发事件下应急救援工作高效展开的前提,又是保证通信畅通和快速恢复的关键。针对预案的有效性问题,构建基于流程的有效性评估模型,并随机选取3个级别的预案进行评估说明。实例结果表明,我国各级别通信保障应急预案的编制水平整体"良好",尤其在"应急响应"和"后期处置"主题表现优秀,且预案越具体其有效性越高,但对"应急准备"主题的描述均不甚理想。     

Chinese Media,Global Contexts,edited by Chin-Chuan Lee. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. xii + 275 pp. $95.00 cloth. ISBN 0-415-30334-6

Abstract

Several information processing technologies which are capable of augmenting human performance in handling a range of emergency situations are featured in this discussion. Among the more sophisticated systems which have proven useful in enhancing information collection, transmission, and selective processing are packet radio networks, “expert planning systems,” multiple‐satellite technology, and such related emerging developments as “internetting” and “machine intelligence.”     

Theory of functional sentence perspective and its application for the purposes of automatic extracting

When preparing the more sophisticated methods of text analysis for information systems, an important role may belong to the applications of modified results gained on the basis of the theory of so called “functional sentence perspective”, working with the concepts of the “theme” of a sentence (that which is spoken about in the sentence) and of the “rheme” (that which is said about the theme in the sentence). From the standpoint of the need to establish the “informational content” of the text an analysis of this kind undoubtly is more important than a traditional examination of a subject-predicate relations etc. Along with a brief characterization of the results of this theory, the article analyzes the possibilities for the implementation of this theory in the theory of information systems, particularly with respect to the study of so called thematic progressions in the text and general structural formula of the text. Besides, particular attention is paid to the utilization of this theory in the domain of automatic extracting.     

论“改革系统工程”学科的创建

全面深化改革是一项复杂的系统工程。全面深化改革需要科学方法论的支持。在对国内外系统工程研究动态观察的基础上,结合当今全面深化改革的需要,提出建立"改革系统工程"学科。对创建"改革系统工程"学科的意义、"改革系统工程"学科的研究对象和内容、与相关学科的关系、几个重要的研究领域以及如何建设该学科提出观点和认识,以引起相关研究者的关注和讨论。     

An Algorithm for Incorporating Subsystem Models into Overall Dynamic System Models

Bond graphs are used to construct finite mode representations of inherently distributed systems. These systems are, perhaps, only part of an overall dynamic system. The “causal” information provided by the bond graph permits the derivation of an automatable algorithm which produces the state equations as well as all output variables associated with the finite modes. The procedure requires only the a priori knowledge of modal masses, frequencies, and associated mode shapes for general boundary conditions of the distributed parts of the system. Thus, the algorithm is applicable to any multidimensional distributed system which is representable by normal modes.     

A fad or future of IT?: A comprehensive literature review on the cloud computing research

Cloud computing is now a global trend and during the past decade, has drawn attention from both academic and business communities. Although the evolution of cloud computing has not reached the maturity level, there is still adequate research about the topic. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the development and evolution of cloud computing over time. A content analysis was conducted for 236 scholarly journal articles, which were published between 2009 and 2014 in order to (i) identify the possible trends and changes in cloud computing over the six years, (ii) compare publishing productivity of journals about the cloud computing subject, and (iii) guide future research about cloud computing. The results show that the majority of the cloud computing research is about “cloud computing adoption” (19%), and it was followed by the “legal and ethical issues” of cloud computing (15%). It is also found that “cloud computing for mobile applications” (6%), “benefits & challenges of cloud computing” (5%) and “energy consumption dimension of cloud computing” (4%) are the least attention-grabbing themes in the literature. However, “cloud computing for mobile applications” and “energy consumption dimension of cloud computing” themes have become popular in the last two years, so they are expected to be trendy topics of the near future. Finally, another finding of this study is that the majority of the articles were published by engineering, information systems or technical journals such as “IT Professional Magazine”, “International Journal of Information Management” and “Mobile Networks and Applications”. It seems as if this topic is generally ignored by the managerial and organizational journals even though the impact of cloud computing on organizations and institutions is immense and is in need of investigation.     

Dynamic surface asymptotic tracking of a class of uncertain nonlinear hysteretic systems using adaptive filters

This paper is concerned with the problem of dynamic surface asymptotic tracking for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems preceded by Bouc–Wen type of hysteresis nonlinearity. By introducing the nonlinear filters with a positive time-varying integral function, a novel robust adaptive control algorithm is presented without constructing the hysteresis inverse. Unlike some existing adaptive control schemes for systems with input hysteresis, the proposed controller not only solves the issue of “explosion of complexity” inherent in the recursive procedure, but also produces the asymptotic tracking in spite of input hysteresis and external disturbances. Finally, two simulation examples are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the developed control strategy.     

The graph-theoretic field model—I. Modelling and formulations

The Graph-Theoretical Field Model provides a unifying approach for developing numerical models of field and continuum problems. The methodology examines the field problem from the first stages of conceptualization without recourse to the governing differential equations of the field problem; this is accomplished by deriving discrete statements of the physical laws which govern the field behaviour. There are generally three laws, and these are modelled by the “cutset equations”, the “circuit equations”, and the “terminal equations”. In order to establish these three sets of equations it is expedient first to spatially discretize the field in a manner similar to the finite difference method and then to associate a linear graph (denoted as the field graph) with the spatial discretization. The concept of “through” and “across” variables, which underlies the cutset and circuit equations respectively, enables one to define the graph in an unambiguous manner such that each “edge” of the graph identifies a pair of complementary variables. From a knowledge of the constitutive properties and the boundary conditions of the field it is possible to associate terminal equations with sets of edges. Since the resulting sets of equations represent the field equations, these equations provide the basis for a complete (but approximate) solution to the field or continuum problem. In fact, this system approach uses a two part model: one for the components and another for the interconnection pattern of the components which renders the formulation procedures totally independent of the solution procedure.This paper presents the theoretical basis of the model and several graph-theoretic formulations for steady-state problems. Examples from heat conduction and small- deformation elasticity are included.     

Antecedents of resistance to enterprise systems: The IT leadership perspective

The objective of this study is to determine the resistance antecedents to enterprise systems. Thus, by reviewing the extant literature with respect to resistance behavior to information systems, a theoretical model containing the factors that influence user resistance behavior to enterprise systems was compiled. Then, via a web survey, 169 valid questionnaires filled out by Brazilian IT managers who had already implemented enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems were obtained. From there, the research drew on factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques to refine and test the proposed model. It was found that “systems” and “personal inclination” factors explain about 49% of the variance related to resistance to enterprise systems. The former factor reveals that the characteristics of the enterprise system to be implemented can lead to resistance to implementation per se, whereas the latter suggests that individuals with an inherent bias to resist change might make the implementation of a new ERP system difficult.     

Un-making artificial moral agents

Floridi and Sanders, seminal work, “On the morality of artificial agents” has catalyzed attention around the moral status of computer systems that perform tasks for humans, effectively acting as “artificial agents.” Floridi and Sanders argue that the class of entities considered moral agents can be expanded to include computers if we adopt the appropriate level of abstraction. In this paper we argue that the move to distinguish levels of abstraction is far from decisive on this issue. We also argue that adopting certain levels of abstraction out of context can be dangerous when the level of abstraction obscures the humans who constitute computer systems. We arrive at this critique of Floridi and Sanders by examining the debate over the moral status of computer systems using the notion of interpretive flexibility. We frame the debate as a struggle over the meaning and significance of computer systems that behave independently, and not as a debate about the ‘true’ status of autonomous systems. Our analysis leads to the conclusion that while levels of abstraction are useful for particular purposes, when it comes to agency and responsibility, computer systems should be conceptualized and identified in ways that keep them tethered to the humans who create and deploy them.     

“新乡贤”在乡村治理中的作用、困境及对策研究

实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,离不开乡村治理体系和治理能力现代化。中国共产党愈来愈重视乡贤文化在农村思想道德建设中的作用,作为乡贤文化的承载者、推动者,“新乡贤”在乡村治理中发挥着特殊的作用,培育和发挥“新乡贤”的作用有诸多不利因素;因此,发挥“新乡贤”的作用要创新思路、健全体制、多措并举。     

The acceptance of chatbots in an enterprise context – A survey study

While Interactive systems such as Chatbots, are well known in personal environments with technologies like “Apple’s Siri” or the “Google’s Assistant”, the acceptance of said technologies in the enterprise context has hardly been examined. Literature shows that these technologies hold great potential for enterprises as they can increase productivity and are cost-efficient by automating processes. Still, to not alienate employees when introducing these systems called Enterprise Bots in this paper, it is crucial to understand how employees accept and adopt these new systems. This paper derives a research model based on the decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour, which is tested in a survey with 198 participants. Results from a structural equation model show that intrinsic motivation of the employees has a strong positive influence on the intention to use Enterprise Bots whereas external influences showed smaller effects. The results indicate that it is important that employees are convinced of the usefulness of a tool for themselves. The paper provides theoretical insights and helps decision makers to introduce such systems.     

西藏中小学校长专业发展调查研究

该文以《义务教育学校校长专业标准》《普通高中校长专业标准》为依据,通过问卷调查,从专业知识、专业理念、专业能力三个维度对西藏中小学校长专业发展现状进行实证分析,并结合西藏实际,从增强专业地位认同、落实专业标准规范、完善专业成长体系、优化专业支持服务四个方面提出提升西藏中小学校长专业发展水平的策略建议。     

Finite-time command filter-based adaptive fuzzy tracking control for stochastic nonlinear induction motors systems with unknown backlash-like hysteresis

In this article, an adaptive fuzzy control method is proposed for induction motors (IMs) drive systems with unknown backlash-like hysteresis. First, the stochastic nonlinear functions existed in the IMs drive systems are resolved by invoking fuzzy logic systems. Then, a finite-time command filter technique is exploited to overcome the obstacle of “explosion of complexity” emerged in the classical backstepping procedure during the controller design process. Meanwhile, the effect of the filter errors generated by command filters is decreased by utilizing corresponding error compensating mechanism. To cope with the influence of backlash-like hysteresis input, an auxiliary system is constructed, in which the output signal is applied to compensate the effect of the hysteresis. The finite-time control technology is adopted to accelerate the response speed of the system and reduce the tracking error, and the stochastic disturbance and backlash-like hysteresis are considered to improve control accuracy. It’s shown that the tracking error can converge to a small neighborhood around the origin in finite-time under the constructed controller. Finally, the availability of the presented approach is validated through simulation results.     

The economic analysis and evaluation of information and documentation systems

Significant results of a project carried out by the Studiengruppe für System-forschung e.V. (Heidelberg, W. Germany) on the “Economy of Information and Documentation Systems” are described. The aims of this project in the framework of the German national “Program of the Federal Government for the Promotion of Information and Documentation (I&D-Program) 1974–1977” were to develop methods for measuring the efficiency of information and documentation systems and services and to test such methods in actual practice.