Measuring the scientific publications of double first‐class universities from mainland China

This paper reports a comparative study of the scientific publications of double first‐class universities based on international and domestic Chinese databases from 2006 to 2018. The main results are as follows. Quantitatively, the absolute total number of articles published by Chinese universities has increased. Specifically, the number of international publications in the natural and social sciences from double first‐class universities showed an increasing trend, but the number of domestic journal articles showed the reverse trend. Moreover, based on the number of papers published by each university over the years, we recognized that the ranking changes of universities fall into four categories: rising, declining, stable, and fluctuating. Qualitatively, the international and domestic publications issued by double first‐class universities greatly improved from 2006 to 2018. Moreover, scientific publications, either international or domestic, were unevenly distributed among the double first‐class universities. In general, the double first‐class universities developed rapidly in recent years and play an important role in the development of science and technology in China.     

Combination of research questions and methods: A new measurement of scientific novelty

As critical building blocks of scientific research, research questions and research methods are put forward to reveal the nature of a publication's scientific novelty. Although existing studies have examined scientific novelty from multiple combination-based views, the temporal and semantic complexity of research questions and methods remains to be fully addressed. To remedy this, we introduce a new approach to measuring the novelty of papers from the perspective of question-method combination. Specifically, we demonstrated a life-index novelty measurement based on the frequency and age of question terms and method terms. Furthermore, by using deep learning and representation learning techniques, we proposed a semantic novelty measurement algorithm based on the semantic similarity of terms. By using the dataset of papers collected from ACM Digital Library for evaluation, the effectiveness of our methods was evaluated by case studies and statistical analysis. Our work innovatively integrates the age, frequency, and semantics of research methods and research questions that characterizes novelty in scientific publications.     

Evidence of open access of scientific publications in Google Scholar: A large-scale analysis

This article uses Google Scholar (GS) as a source of data to analyse Open Access (OA) levels across all countries and fields of research. All articles and reviews with a DOI and published in 2009 or 2014 and covered by the three main citation indexes in the Web of Science (2,269,022 documents) were selected for study. The links to freely available versions of these documents displayed in GS were collected. To differentiate between more reliable (sustainable and legal) forms of access and less reliable ones, the data extracted from GS was combined with information available in DOAJ, CrossRef, OpenDOAR, and ROAR. This allowed us to distinguish the percentage of documents in our sample that are made OA by the publisher (23.1%, including Gold, Hybrid, Delayed, and Bronze OA) from those available as Green OA (17.6%), and those available from other sources (40.6%, mainly due to ResearchGate). The data shows an overall free availability of 54.6%, with important differences at the country and subject category levels. The data extracted from GS yielded very similar results to those found by other studies that analysed similar samples of documents, but employed different methods to find evidence of OA, thus suggesting a relative consistency among methods.     

科技查新预检索的必要性与方法

从科技查新预检索对查新委托人（查新用户）、委托单位、查新机构三方的作用和意义,说明了科技查新预检索的必要性,并对如何做好预检索进行了探讨。     

Measuring newspaper readership: A qualitative variable approach

Abstract

Newspaper readership is usually measured by a single variable such as frequency of use, amount of use, etc. This article argues that readership cannot be fully described by a single measure and suggests treating it as a latent variable reflecting the time, frequency, and completeness of readership on both Sundays and weekdays. This study uses data from 101 newspaper markets in the US. The latent variable can be either quantitative or qualitative. Factor analysis is used to define the quantitative variable and latent class analysis, the qualitative variable. The relationship between the approaches is studied with principal components analysis, profiling, and hierarchical linear models. The two approaches are shown to produce complementary conclusions when relating readership to demographics and content interests. Media consumption studies can examine both qualitative and quantitative latent variables and thereby enhance the interpretability and the scope of the results.     

The use of economic classifiers for the indexing of scientific publications

The experience from the application of the OKVED 2 economic classifier for indexing scientific publications is considered. More than 9500 articles on the subject of “Automation. Computer Engineering” in authoritative Russian magazines were the material for the study. Some means for the comparative analysis of economic statistics and results of the classification of scientific publications are shown.     

科技编辑科学精神的培养

结合科技编辑活动的特征、科技出版物的性质以及科技编辑实践，论述培养科技编辑的科学精神必须提高对科技编辑科学精神的认识，必须了解科技史和科学常识，并学会用哲学的观点和方法来研究科技编辑的方法和规律。     

A new interpretation of scientific collaboration patterns from the perspective of symbiosis: An investigation for long-term collaboration in publications

Based on complementarity in terms of factors such as skill and knowledge, researchers might build long-term partnerships with one another during their scientific careers. It has been shown that such relationships have a significant positive impact on researchers’ scientific performance. However, the preferential connection mechanism in collaboration networks actually suggests the unequal positions of participants in the process of scientific collaboration. This study argues that this phenomenon is very similar to the symbiosis function in the natural world. Hence, this work provides a novel interpretation of scientific collaboration patterns from the perspective of symbiosis. In more detail, long-term collaboration relationships are investigated based on the scope of an academician dataset with multiple fields and an economic dataset. With the aid of a quantitative metric for symbiosis degree, six meta-patterns of the short-term evolution of symbiosis degree are proposed. Furthermore, by exploring the evolution of meta-patterns, four scientific collaboration patterns are summarized according to the common characteristics as follows: leading growth, continuous leadership, chasing each other, and standing on equal footing. Extensive experimental results on an academician dataset with multiple fields show that the collaboration network evolution of four collaboration patterns is consistent with our summarized characteristics based on symbiosis. This indicates that our symbiosis-based framework can be used to effectively interpret the developmental and evolutionary trajectories of scientific collaboration.     

中小城市地方文献的呈缴模式探讨简

论文阐述了中小城市地方文献呈缴的可行性与必要性,提出了建立以地方政府、高校图书馆、公共图书馆为主体的呈缴模式,并从构建主体、呈缴内容、呈缴方式、呈缴平台等方面对中小城市地方文献呈缴模式进行具体的论述。创新性地指出了地方高校图书馆在这种呈缴模式中的重要作用、突出地位及参与程度,提出了融合地方电子政务系统、国家书目中心的策略。     

The study of systems and methods for scientometric analysis of scientific publications

This paper provides an overview of the methods and systems that are applied for scientometric analysis of scientific publications. Methods to identify promising research directions are described. The results of an experimental study aimed at determining the directions of scientific research within the subject area of “regenerative medicine” by using various methods are presented. Conclusions are made about the prospects and shortcomings of the applied methods. Directions for further research are proposed.     

科技期刊区分处理学术存疑论文的策略

为了科学严谨地处理科技期刊编辑出版过程中的学术不端、诚实错误和学术争议等问题,提出区分处理学术存疑论文的策略.根据论文存疑性质的不同,在分类界定的基础上,提出区分处理的基本原则和具体方法,并结合实际案例进行阐述,提供可供科技期刊编辑参考的处理策略.客观公正地处理学术存疑论文,有助于净化学术环境,实现学术共同体的内部良性...     

A generic approach to the electronic access of scientific journals: The decomate project

The DECOMATE project (DElivery of COpyright MATerial to End users) is a joint project of three European partners (Tilburg University, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and the London School of Economics). The main objectives are (1) to develop a generic system that offers end users a new electronic service in the field of document delivery of scientific journals, (2) to find publishers who can provide the copyrighted material in electronic form, and (3) to start a study to examine the user's behavior related to the new service. This paper will provide an introduction to the project and a glimpse, at an abstract level, of the systems' environment and architecture, including the hardware and software that is used. This article addresses mainly the generic character of DECOMATE and the strengths and weaknesses of this type of system. It ends with an overview of general problems in this field that have yet to be solved.     

试述科技查新与专利查新“新颖性”判断异同

从科技查新和专利查新的作用入手,重点介绍了科技查新与专利查新在“新颖性”判断方面的相同与不同之处。     

Author-team diversity and the impact of scientific publications: Evidence from physics research at a national science lab

In the second half of the 20th century, scientific research in physics, chemistry, and engineering began to focus on the use of large government-funded laboratories. This shift toward so-called big science also brought about a concomitant change in scientific work itself, with a sustained trend toward the use of highly specialized scientific teams, elevating the role of team characteristics on scientific outputs. The actual impact of scientific knowledge is commonly measured by how often peer-reviewed publications are, in turn, cited by other researchers. Therefore, how characteristics such as author team seniority, affiliation diversity, and size affect the overall impact of team publications was examined. Citation information and author demographics were reviewed for 123 articles published in Physical Review Letters from 2004 to 2006 and written by 476 scientists who used the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory's facilities. Correlation analysis indicated that author teams that were more multi-institutional and had homogeneous seniority tended to have more senior scientists. In addition, the analysis suggests that more mixed seniority author teams were likely to be less institutionally dispersed. Quantile regression was used to examine the relationships between author-team characteristics and publication impact. The analysis indicated that both weighted average seniority and average seniority had a negative relationship with the number of citations the publication received. Furthermore, the analysis also showed a positive relationship between first-author seniority and the number of citations, and a negative relationship between the number of authors and the number of citations.     

On the relationships between bibliographic characteristics of scientific documents and citation and Mendeley readership counts: A large-scale analysis of Web of Science publications

In this paper we present a first large-scale analysis of the relationship between Mendeley readership and citation counts with particular documents’ bibliographic characteristics. A data set of 1.3 million publications from different fields published in journals covered by the Web of Science (WoS) has been analyzed. This work reveals that document types that are often excluded from citation analysis due to their lower citation values, like editorial materials, letters, news items, or meeting abstracts, are strongly covered and saved in Mendeley, suggesting that Mendeley readership can reliably inform the analysis of these document types. Findings show that collaborative papers are frequently saved in Mendeley, which is similar to what is observed for citations. The relationship between readership and the length of titles and number of pages, however, is weaker than for the same relationship observed for citations. The analysis of different disciplines also points to different patterns in the relationship between several document characteristics, readership, and citation counts. Overall, results highlight that although disciplinary differences exist, readership counts are related to similar bibliographic characteristics as those related to citation counts, reinforcing the idea that Mendeley readership and citations capture a similar concept of impact, although they cannot be considered as equivalent indicators.     

用户对查新工作认识的误区及解决方案

在分析查新用户对科技查新认识误区及其表现形式的基础上,强调加强用户查新咨询教育的必要性,提出普及查新知识、拓展查新服务项目,充分利用网络平台,发挥委托人在查新中的作用等具体措施。     

Measuring contextual citation impact of scientific journals

This paper explores a new indicator of journal citation impact, denoted as source normalized impact per paper (SNIP). It measures a journal's contextual citation impact, taking into account characteristics of its properly defined subject field, especially the frequency at which authors cite other papers in their reference lists, the rapidity of maturing of citation impact, and the extent to which a database used for the assessment covers the field's literature. It further develops Eugene Garfield's notions of a field's ‘citation potential’ defined as the average length of references lists in a field and determining the probability of being cited, and the need in fair performance assessments to correct for differences between subject fields. A journal's subject field is defined as the set of papers citing that journal. SNIP is defined as the ratio of the journal's citation count per paper and the citation potential in its subject field. It aims to allow direct comparison of sources in different subject fields. Citation potential is shown to vary not only between journal subject categories – groupings of journals sharing a research field – or disciplines (e.g., journals in mathematics, engineering and social sciences tend to have lower values than titles in life sciences), but also between journals within the same subject category. For instance, basic journals tend to show higher citation potentials than applied or clinical journals, and journals covering emerging topics higher than periodicals in classical subjects or more general journals. SNIP corrects for such differences. Its strengths and limitations are critically discussed, and suggestions are made for further research. All empirical results are derived from Elsevier's Scopus.     

科学编辑理事会促进科技期刊出版诚信的政策与措施

介绍美国科学编辑理事会针对科技期刊出版中的突出问题和促进出版诚信所制定的政策和指南,以及采取的包括年会、短期培训班、专题调查/研究小组在内的各种措施。详述其促进出版诚信的重要新举措,即制定和发布《促进科学期刊出版诚信白皮书》,分析白皮书制定的背景、定位与作用、内容和拟解决的问题。说明科学编辑理事会各项政策、指南和措施、活动之间的关联与配合,以及对科技期刊出版诚信工作的实际指导作用。     

科学编辑理事会促进科技期刊出版诚信的政策与措施

介绍美国科学编辑理事会针对科技期刊出版中的突出问题和促进出版诚信所制定的政策和指南,以及采取的包括年会、短期培训班、专题调查/研究小组在内的各种措施.详述其促进出版诚信的重要新举措,即制定和发布<促进科学期刊出版诚信白皮书>,分析白皮书制定的背景、定位与作用、内容和拟解决的问题.说明科学编辑理事会各项政策、指南和措施、活动之间的关联与配合,以及对科技期刊出版诚信工作的实际指导作用.     

A stochastic approach to the relation between the impact factor and the uncitedness factor

Empirical analysis of the relationship between the impact factor – as measured by the average number of citations – and the proportion of uncited material in a collection dates back at least to van Leeuwen and Moed (2005) where graphical presentations revealed striking patterns. Recently Hsu and Huang (2012) have proposed a simple functional relationship. Here it is shown that the general features of these observed regularities are predicted by a well-established informetric model which enables us to derive a theoretical van Leeuwen–Moed lower bound. We also question some of the arguments of Hsu and Huang (2012) and Egghe (2013) while various issues raised by Egghe, 2008, Egghe, 2013 are also addressed.