Research Supplement: Integrated Nurseries for Children with Special Educational Needs

The authors are educational psychologists in the Sheffield school psychological service. Geoff Lindsay also teaches at Sheffield University. They describe three pre-school units for children with special educational needs and consider problems for integrating such children into the mainstream.     

Computer Use with Children with Special Educational Needs in Primary Schools

The use of computers to enhance the learning of children with special educational needs has many advocates. Such children in mainstream schools, however, may be failing to obtain the full benefits of computer aided learning through limited resources and lack of teacher expertise. After a period of advisory work in this field, Bill Goler is now teaching in a special school for pupils with moderate learning difficulties. His article is based on a dissertation for the Master's degree at Manchester University.     

The Assessment of Special Educational Needs for Bilingual Children

Tony Cline, Professor of Educational Psychology at the University of Luton and Chair of the Editorial Board of NASEN Journals, examines the challenges that face those involved in the assessment of the special educational needs of children for whom English is an additional language. He rejects some notions of the ideal that have stood in the way of achievable good practice and argues for a closer look at the learning environments in which children are placed.     

试论大特殊教育观

本文从我国社会基础,特殊教育发展趋势,特殊教育与普通教育关系,服务对象概念的变化,特殊教育安置形式和实践特征等方面阐述了大特殊教育的观念,宏观地勾画了我国特殊教育发展的新前景     

Stress, Burnout and Workload in Teachers of Children with Special Educational Needs

Whilst stress in teaching has received much attention in recent years, for teachers of children with special educational needs (SEN) specific stress-related research is relatively rare. This study sought to address this issue by investigating stress, burnout and workload in teachers of children with special educational needs. A postal questionnaire was sent to 56 ordinary schools and eight schools for children with moderate learning difficulties (MLD), eight for children with severe learning difficulties (SLD) and eight for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties (EBD). The schools were situated in inner city, urban and rural areas in the south-east of England. A total of 221 teachers responded. Results indicated that, whilst generalised claims for burnout may not be justified, within all three special school settings there was evidence of a high level of emotional exhaustion as measured by the education version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). In addition, all groups were subject to long hours of work, and work overload was high for ordinary school SEN teachers and teachers working in MLD and SLD settings. Reference to sources of intense stress indicated some differences according to setting but generally implicated workload and challenging behaviour. The conclusions are that further research into stress and burnout of SEN teachers is required if effective coping and preventative strategies are to be designed.     

Promoting Interaction among Children with Special Educational Needs in an Integrated Nursery

The author teaches at the Kingsley Special School, Kettering. She gives an account of systematic observations undertaken to improve the integration of four young children with special educational needs in a nursery department. The field work forms part of her studies for the degree of MA (Special Needs) at Leicester.     

普通幼儿园有特殊教育需要儿童的在园生存现状

本研究采用问卷调查法,以269名浙江省普通幼儿园一线教师为调查对象,考察浙江省普通幼儿园融合安置的有特殊教育需要儿童的在园生存现状,结果发现浙江省普通幼儿园有特殊教育需要的儿童在增加,但这些儿童在普通幼儿园的生存现状不容乐观,他们能够参与的活动和课程类型有限,且质量存疑;容易遭到同伴的拒绝;被认为对周围环境中的他人存在负面影响.此外,幼儿教师关于特殊教育、融合教育的知识与技能极度缺乏,其对接纳有特殊教育需要的幼儿的认识和教育能力有待进一步改善和提高.     

Reviewing the Teaching and Learning of Children with Special Educational Needs: Enabling Whole School Responsibility

Neil Morris, Learning Support Co-ordinator, and Phil Parker, Learning Support Manger, at Colmers Farm School, use 'The four Ps of policy' (Palmer, Redfern & Smith, 1994) to review their own practice in the development of the monitoring and evaluation measures of their school's SEN (Special Educational Needs) provision. They outline their commitment to inclusive education, and analyse the ways in which the strategy of 'Subject Department SEN Reviews' focuses upon teaching and learning styles.     

Use of the Touch Sensitive Screen with Children who have Special Educational Needs

This article is based on the dissertation for the degree of B. Ed (Honours) awarded by Birmingham University in July 1987 to the author when she was a student at Westhill College Birmingham. Beverley Elf is now teaching at Mandeville School, Ealing.     

有特殊教育需要幼儿随班就读研究报告

随着教育事业的发展,有特殊教育需要幼儿的入园人数已显著增长, 学前随班就读的一体化教育体制已成必须。虹口区十二所幼儿园就普通幼 儿园随班就读的管理、师资建设、评估与安置、教育策略等方面进行了随班就 读的教学实践研究,对幼儿园中如何进行特殊儿童的教育进行了探索,并讨 论了学前随班就读成功的原因以及所存在的问题。     

融合教育环境中家长参与特殊儿童幼小衔接的个案探索

在质性研究范式的指导下,研究融合教育环境中家长参与盲生幼小衔接的动态过程及其影响因素。基于"家长与儿童互动"理论框架,经历为时一年的资料收集与分析得出,儿童与家庭的"调节"与"准备"工作在四个实践阶段呈现不同动态情形。其中,持之以恒的准备是家长与儿童并肩前行的基础;儿童与家长的融合转衔动机、融合教育支持项目、波折中上升的家校关系、区级行政管理基础是影响家庭与儿童准备与调整工作的动力成分;现有条件下的家长参与具有其特定的局限性和影响力。针对研究发现,建议重视早期干预对融合教育的影响、加强特殊儿童转衔教育支持服务建设、强化家长组织的倡导功能。     

Scoping and Hoping: The Provision of Speech and Language Therapy Services for Children with Special Educational Needs

Elspeth McCartney, Department of Speech and Language Therapy at the University of Strathclyde, reviews recent legislation and Government plans for the provision of speech and language therapy services for children with special educational needs and discusses issues which might be considered in a proposed DfEE 'scoping study'.     

Feeling Different: Viewpoints of Students with Special Educational Needs

Barrie Wade (Reader in English in Education, in the School of Education, The University of Birmingham) and Maggie Moore (Senior Lecturer at Newman College, Birmingham) focus on ways in which students with special educational needs perceive themselves. They have discovered that a significant number of a cross-cultural sample, most of whom are denied school responsibilities, felt inadequate compared with their peers. It appears that more consultation, with serious implications for school policies, is necessary to lessen feelings of difference.     

Social and Educational Disadvantage: Reconnecting Special Needs Education

Alan Dyson, Professor of Special Needs Education at the University of Newcastle on Tyne (in BJSE 's 'The New Professors' series) argues that special needs education has, at a time when there are concerns over falling standards in education generally, lost sight of the relationship between children's difficulties in school and wider patterns of socio-economic disadvantage and inequality, and suggests that special needs education in the late 1990s is incapable of addressing basic failings and inequities in our education system and within society as a whole.     

Pragmatism, Ideology and Educational Change: The Case of Special Educational Needs

A major theme of recent debate and policy development in the area of special education is that of inclusion: the placement of all pupils in mainstream schools and the development of curriculum and pedagogy to meet the needs of all. Analysis of national statistical data shows some movement in this direction, but of a slow and very uneven kind. An exploration of the concepts of pragmatism to describe an important aspect of LEA decision making and of ideology to describe an important aspect of pressures for inclusion helps to explain this pattern of development. The paper concludes that both approaches require further systematic empirical data on the outcomes of different patterns of educational provision.     

The National Literacy Strategy and Pupils with Special Educational Needs

Richard Byers, an independent consultant on curriculum development for pupils with learning difficulties, and a part-time lecturer in special educational needs at the University of Cambridge School of Education, considers the effectiveness of the National Literacy Strategy and the relevance of recent guidance.