有效调控课堂提高科学课堂效率

课堂是教学活动的主要场所,也是教师、学生、教材、教学用具、教学手段和方法和谐融合的师生活动过程.在这个过程中,教学的效率和效果主要取决于教师采取怎样的方法对教学条件的充分利用,使学生的学习处于最佳状态.本文结合教学实践,从科学教学课堂情境的调控;科学课堂机智的调控:科学课堂语言的调控几个方面归纳了科学课堂调控的一些经验与体会,旨在使教师在科学课堂教学中增强调控意识,合理调控课堂教学,提高科学课堂教学的有效性.     

高中物理教学高效课堂之我见

课改前课堂主要以讲授为主,倾向于知识的传授。而在新课程理念的指导下,新一轮基础教育物理改革的内容之一就是制定了物理课程三维培养目标:知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观。只有坚持科学教育的三维培养目标,才能培养出热爱科学、勇于创新的高素质人才。     

运用游戏打造初中科学高效课堂

培养学生的科学素养,丰富学生的科学知识与技能,激发学生爱科学、学科学的积极情感是当前学校教育的重要目标,更是初中科学课堂教学的核心任务。运用游戏活动开展科学教学,可以有效增强科学课程学习的趣味性,让初中科学课堂充满创造与乐趣。     

科学课程的人文意蕴与教学实施

构建高效课堂是我国基础教育课程改革中备受关注的教育实践问题。以学生为中心,关注学生的人格健全,关注学生的精神成长,是高效课堂的重要特征之一。在科学教育中,学生人格健全与精神成长的重要方面是理解科学的文化价值。同时,科学与人文结合,体现科学课程的人文内涵,通过科学教育影响和改变学生的精神世界,也是近年来国际科学教育改革关注的焦点。在科学课程的教学实施中,基于科学课程内容特点,培养学生的民族情感、科学价值观、科学审美意识,以及科学精神与科学态度,是挖掘和体现科学课程的人文价值、渗透与培育人文精神的有效策略。     

浅析如何提高小学科学课堂教学的有效性

小学科学是一门培养小学生科学素质的课程,它涵盖了科学观念、过程与方法、情感态度价值观方面的目标,是培养学生在小学学习阶段提高探索能力,学会发现周围、观察世界的有效教育平台。教师要上好小学科学课,就应该让课堂具有高效性,充分调动起学生对科学课的兴趣,让学生喜欢上科学课,喜欢上科学。     

六动——让科学课堂“动”起来

《义务教育科学课程标准》提出,科学探究是科学学习的中心环节。亲身经历以探究为主的学习活动是学生学习科学的主要途径。课堂上,尽可能多地为学生提供充分的科学探究机会,培养学生主动进取的意识,变"教"师为"导"师,让学生自动、心动、互动、动口、动手、动脑,真正让课堂动起来、活起来,使得课堂充满着生命活力。     

九龙坡区小学体育与健康“品质课堂教学标准”策略研究

体育与健康课堂教学是一门科学,体育与健康课堂教学标准与评价则是一门艺术。坚持把"一切为了每一位学生发展"作为新课改的核心理念和最终目的,坚持德育为先、能力为重、全面发展,树立科学的课程观、教学观、评价观和质量观,做到"以生为本、学思结合、因材施教、知行合一",深入推进"品质课堂"建设,促进全区小学体育与健康课程科学、持续发展。     

科学课堂也应＂五味＂俱全

小学科学课是“以培养学生科学素养为宗旨的科学启蒙课程”。其教学目标从“科学概念、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观”三个方面来表述。要想提高教学质量,达成教学目标,首先要立足课堂,让科学课堂充满生命活力。如何让科学课堂充满生命活力,成为学生向往的乐园呢？笔者认为,教学中添点“油”,加点“醋”,让其“五味俱全”,应是达成这一目标的有效手段。     

谈小学科学课堂多媒体使用的误区及优化策略

科学探究课程是以提高学生科学素养为宗旨,以探究科学问题的过程为中心,以主动参与、亲历过程、协同合作、发展个性为基本特征的综合性、实践性、开放性的科学课程。科学课堂教学,是学生与执教者激情、智慧熔铸而成的艺术,而任何艺术品都在于突破因袭的模式。计算机多媒体的出现,其强大的超文本功能,多渠道的信息传递方式,为现代小学科学教学带来了无限生机,为科学课堂增多了无限的色彩。     

感悟材料在科学课堂中的五种效应

科学课堂中的材料是指辅助科学教育进行的、用来帮助幼儿学习科学的各种工具。要提高科学课堂质量,有效选用探究材料是基础,恰当选择投放策略是关键。教师要以幼儿为本,从目标出发,提供丰富的、多样的、操作性强的、符合幼儿探索需要的材料。有效的、高质的材料以适宜的时间及方式加以呈现,就能很好地引发、支持幼儿积极主动地与材料相互作用,使其成为幼儿在科学探究活动学习中的扶手。更好地焕发幼儿的好奇心,提高幼儿质疑、观察、操作、思维及创新等能力,对幼儿各方面科学素养的形成具有促进作用,能给科学课堂带来精彩的活动效果。基于此,本文浅谈了材料在科学课堂上的五种不同效应。     

The readiness of high school students to pursue first year physics

Abstract

A high failure rate at first year physics is often attributed to the lack of readiness of high school students to pursue such studies. This research explores this issue and reports on the perceptions of five physics lecturers at a South African university on the preparedness of high school students for first year physics. Qualitative data was collected through in-depth, non-directive, semi-structured interviews and analyzed for emerging themes using the Atlis.ti software. Readiness factors that were identified included the ability to engage with physics problems qualitatively rather than merely assuming an algorithmic approach, having a sound understanding of basic physics concepts, and competence in reading and speaking the scientific language. Other factors related to personal attributes and behavior and these were work ethic, perseverance, working independently and time management. These findings and their implications are discussed.     

“I'm just not that great at science”: Science self-efficacy in arts and communication students

Research in science education confirms the importance of self-efficacy in students' persistence and success in the sciences. The current study examined the role of science self-efficacy in nonspecialist, arts and communication-oriented students encountering science in a general education context. Participants (N = 275) completed a beginning- and end-of-semester survey including a Science Self-Efficacy Scale, a “connection to science” measure—the Inclusion of Science in Self Scale—and a Science Anxiety Scale. Participants also responded to two open-ended “sources of science efficacy” questions, and provided background/demographic information and access to their academic records. Results showed a significant increase in science self-efficacy and connection to science—although no change in science anxiety—over the course of the semester. The observed shift in self-efficacy for minority and international students was of particular note. These students started the course with lower confidence but, by the end of the semester, reported comparable science self-efficacy, and achieved similar grades to their White/Non-Hispanic and US resident classmates. Contrary to expectations, science self-efficacy did not predict performance in the class. However, students' self-reported sources of efficacy indicated increased confidence in using science in daily life, and confirmed the value of mastery experiences and of personally meaningful, student-centered course design in scaffolding student confidence. Results are discussed in terms of the individual and instructional factors that support science self-efficacy and student success in this unique, general education science environment.     

An Independent-Study Laboratory using Self-Scoring Tests

ABSTRACT

The author sought to investigate the effects of inquiry-based science instruction on science achievement and interest in science of 5,120 adolescents from 85 schools in Qatar. Results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed the substantial positive effects of science teaching and learning with a focus on model or applications and interactive science teaching and learning on science achievement and interest in science. In contrast, science teaching and learning using student investigations and hands-on activities had substantial negative effects on science achievement in the context of other variables. Implications of the findings for educational policy and classroom practice are discussed.     

Third grade African American students' views of the nature of science

This study examined the nature of science (NOS) views of lower elementary grade level students, including their views of scientists. Participants were 23 third‐grade African American students from two Midwest urban settings. A multiple instrument approach using an open‐ended questionnaire, semi‐structured interviews, a modified version of the traditional Draw‐A‐Scientist Test (DAST), and a simple photo eliciting activity, was employed. The study sought to capture not only the students' views of science and scientists, but also their views of themselves as users and producers of science. The findings suggest that the young African American children in this study hold very distinct and often unique views of what science is and how it operates. Included are traditional stereotypical views of scientists consistent with previous research. Additionally, participants expressed excitement and self‐efficacy in describing their own relationship with science, in and outside of their formal classrooms. Implications for teaching and learning NOS as it relates to young children and children of color are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 1–37, 2012     

The effect of problem-based learning on the metacognitive awareness of pre-service science teachers

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) on the metacognitive awareness of pre-service science teachers. In the study, an experimental design with pre-test/post-test control group was used. A total of 51 junior pre-service science teachers participated in the study. The study was carried out over 10 weeks and within the scope of an environmental science course. During the study, lessons in the experimental group were processed using a PBL approach while lessons in the control group were processed using a traditional teaching approach. Data were collected through a personal information form and Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. Data were then analysed using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc.). The findings of the study revealed that PBL could be an effective intervention to promote metacognitive awareness towards procedural knowledge, planning and debugging. The results are discussed based on the findings of the study.     

Instructional practices and science performance of 10 top-performing regions in PISA 2015

ABSTRACT

This study analysed 10 top-performing regions in PISA 2015 on their science performances and instructional practices. The regions include Singapore, Japan, Estonia, Taipei, Finland, Macao, Canada, Hong Kong, China and Korea. The science performances of the 10 regions and their teaching practices are described and compared. The construct of enquiry-based instruction as developed in PISA 2015 is revised into two new constructs using factor analysis. Then, the relationships of the teaching practices with science performance are analysed using hierarchical linear modelling. Adaptive instruction, teacher-directed instruction and interactive application are found positively associated with performance in all regions, while investigation and perceived feedback are all negative. The regions except Japan and Korea tend to have a high frequency of teacher-directed instruction facilitated by more or less authoritative class discussion in class. A fair amount of practical work is done, but not many of them are investigations. The cultural influences on teaching practices are discussed on how an amalgam of didactic and constructivist pedagogy is created by the Western progressive educational philosophy meeting the Confucian culture. The reasons for investigation’s negative association with performance are also explored.     

Toward a justice-centered ambitious teaching framework: Shaping ambitious science teaching to be culturally sustaining and productive in a rural context

We find ourselves at a time when the need for transformation in science education is aligning with opportunity. Significant science education resources, namely the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) and the Ambitious Science Teaching (AST) framework, need an intentional aim of centering social justice for minoritized communities and youth as well as practices to enact it. While NGSS and AST provide concrete guidelines to support deep learning, revisions are needed to explicitly promote social justice. In this study, we sought to understand how a commitment to social justice, operationalized through culturally sustaining pedagogy (Paris, Culturally sustaining pedagogies and our futures. The Educational Forum, 2021; 85, pp. 364–376), might shape the AST framework to promote more critical versions of teaching science for equity. Through a qualitative multi-case study, we observed three preservice teacher teams engaged in planning, teaching, and debriefing a 6-day summer camp in a rural community. Findings showed that teachers shaped the AST sets of practices in ways that sustained local culture and addressed equity aims: anchoring scientific study in phenomena important to community stakeholders; using legitimizing students' stories by both using them to plan the following lessons and as data for scientific argumentation; introducing local community members as scientific experts, ultimately supporting a new sense of pride and advocacy for their community; and supporting students in publicly communicating their developing scientific expertise to community stakeholders. In shaping the AST framework through culturally sustaining pedagogy, teachers made notable investments: developing local networks; learning about local geography, history, and culture; building relationships with students; adapting lessons to incorporate students' ideas; connecting with community stakeholders to build scientific collaborations; and preparing to share their work publicly with the community. Using these findings, we offer a justice-centered ambitious science teaching (JuST) framework that can deliver the benefits of a framework of practices while also engaging in the necessarily more critical elements of equity work.     

Teaching nature of science through inquiry: Results of a 3‐year professional development program

This study assessed the influence of a 3‐year professional development program on elementary teachers' views of nature of science (NOS), instructional practice to promote students' appropriate NOS views, and the influence of participants' instruction on elementary student NOS views. Using the VNOS‐B and associated interviews the researchers tracked the changes in NOS views of teacher participants throughout the professional development program. The teachers participated in explicit–reflective activities, embedded in a program that emphasized scientific inquiry and inquiry‐based instruction, to help them improve their own elementary students' views of NOS. Elementary students were interviewed using the VNOS‐D to track changes in their NOS views, using classroom observations to note teacher influences on student ideas. Analysis of the VNOS‐B and VNOS‐D showed that teachers and most grades of elementary students showed positive changes in their views of NOS. The teachers also improved in their science pedagogy, as evidenced by analysis of their teaching. Implications for teacher professional development programs are made. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 653–680, 2007     

Camila,the earth,and the sun: Constructing an idea as shared intellectual property

Recent research has challenged traditional assumptions that scientific practice and knowledge are essentially individual accomplishments, highlighting instead the social nature of scientific practices, and the co‐construction of scientific knowledge. Similarly, new research paradigms for studying learning go beyond focusing on what is “in the head” of individual students, to study collective practices, distributed cognition, and emergent understandings of groups. These developments require new tools for assessing what it means to learn to “think like a scientist.” Toward this goal, the present case study analyzes the discourse of a 6th‐grade class discussing one student's explanation for seasonal variations in daylight hours. The analysis identifies discourse moves that map to disciplinary practices of the social construction of science knowledge, including (1) beginning an explanation by reviewing the community's shared assumptions; (2) referencing peers' work as warrants for an argument; and (3) building from isolated ideas, attributed to individuals, toward a coherent situation model, attributed to the community. The study then identifies discourse moves through which the proposed explanation was taken up and developed by the group, including (4) using multiple shared representations; (5) leveraging peers' language to clarify ideas; and (6) negotiating language and representations for new, shared explanations. Implications of this case for rethinking instruction, assessment, and classroom research are explored. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:619–642, 2010     

The Nature of Scientific Explanation: Examining the perceptions of the nature,quality, and “goodness” of explanation among college students,science teachers,and scientists

Issues regarding scientific explanation have been of interest to philosophers from Pre-Socratic times. The notion of scientific explanation is of interest not only to philosophers, but also to science educators as is clearly evident in the emphasis given to K-12 students' construction of explanations in current national science education reform efforts. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research on conceptualizing explanation in science education. Using a philosophically guided framework—the Nature of Scientific Explanation (NOSE) framework—the study aims to elucidate and compare college freshmen science students', secondary science teachers', and practicing scientists' scientific explanations and their views of scientific explanations. In particular, this study aims to: (1) analyze students', teachers', and scientists' scientific explanations; (2) explore the nuances about how freshman students, science teachers, and practicing scientists construct explanations; and (3) elucidate the criteria that participants use in analyzing scientific explanations. In two separate interviews, participants first constructed explanations of everyday scientific phenomena and then provided feedback on the explanations constructed by other participants. Major findings showed that, when analyzed using NOSE framework, participant scientists did significantly “better” than teachers and students. Our analysis revealed that scientists, teachers, and students share a lot of similarities in how they construct their explanations in science. However, they differ in some key dimensions. The present study highlighted the need articulated by many researchers in science education to understand additional aspects specific to scientific explanation. The present findings provide an initial analytical framework for examining students' and science teachers' scientific explanations.