The teaching of reading to the visually handicapped child

EDUCATING AN URBAN PEOPLE: THE NEW YORK CITY EXPERIENCE edited by Diane Ravitch &; Ronald K. Goodenow. Teachers College Press, 1981. 287 pp.

TEACHER DEVELOPMENT by Robert F. McNergney and Carol A. Carrier. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company Inc., 1981.     

幼儿园教师的社会地位从哪里来

如果问，幼儿园教师和大学教师比，哪个社会地位高？这似乎是个不该提的问题，因为答案明摆着。但同样是个明摆着的问题还是要提出来：对于社会文明的进步来说，是幼儿园教师重要还是大学教师重要？我们可以拿出很多理由证明，大学教师很重要；但我们也可以用同样多的理由证明，幼儿园教师重要。人生启蒙教育的重要是怎么强调也不过分的，什么人生未来啊、民族兴旺啊……为什么同样重要的社会职业，其社会地位会有悬殊呢？按照社会公平理论，哪怕按照经济学的原则，它们的社会地位包括经济地位应该是平等的。应该平等而现实状况又有如此落差…     

The influence of perceptually rich manipulatives and collaboration on mathematic problem-solving and perseverance

We conducted a two-part study to examine how the use of different manipulatives, levels of instructional guidance, and collaboration among college-aged students influenced their mathematics performance and perseverance. In Study 1, we manipulated different types of manipulatives (no manipulative, bland, and perceptually rich), and different contextual factors of instructional guidance (high vs. low) to identify how they influenced students’ ability to complete mathematical problems as well as impact students’ perseverance. Findings showed that participants’ use of bland manipulatives positively impacts their ability to complete word problems. Study 2, grounded in findings from Study 1, incorporated collaborative learning to lessen the negative effects of using perceptually rich manipulatives and enhance students’ perseverance in mathematics. The results from Study 2 aligned with the findings from Study 1 concerning the negative effect of perceptual richness for problem-solving and perseverance. Moreover, the collaboration of participants had a positive effect on students’ perseverance during problem-solving as students who collaborated with perceptually rich manipulatives persevered as much as those who collaborated with bland manipulatives as well as those who worked individually with bland manipulatives.     

Evaluating the impact of different early literacy interventions on low-income Costa Rican kindergarteners

Grade retention has been the de facto policy for children with academic difficulties in many Latin American countries [Schiefelbein, E., & Wolff, L. (1992). Repetition and inadequate achievement in Latin America’s primary schools: a review of magnitudes, causes, relationships, and strategies. Washington, DC: World Bank.]. In Costa Rica, 14.9% of public school children were retained in first grade in 2002. In a study of first grade classrooms in Costa Rica, children identified as in need of repeating first grade were found to have lower levels of reading ability [Rolla San Francisco, A., Arias, M., Villers, R., & Snow, C. (in press). The importance of reading skills, prereading skills, and family in teachers’ decisions to retain children: a case study in costa rica. Aula Abierta]. There has been a greater focus in recent years on the importance of prevention of educational difficulties, versus repetition, as the most cost-effective and efficient way of providing educational opportunities to low-income children. There is little rigorous research evaluating the impact of different interventions on the early literacy skills of low-income children in developing countries as a way to prevent posterior academic difficulties.This experimental study evaluated the differential impact of three early literacy interventions—tutoring, classroom activities, and work with families—on the emergent literacy skills of low-income Costa Rican kindergarteners. Tutoring or a combination of all three interventions were the most effective, while providing high-quality materials to teachers without training had no impact, but more intensive interventions of longer duration will probably be needed to ensure long-term impact on first grade repetition and eventual school dropout. Continuing research will assess the impact of these interventions on student outcomes and repetition rates in first grade, as well as exploring the impact of the more intensive intervention of professional development.     

Associations between language and literacy skills and sight word learning for native and nonnative English-speaking kindergarteners

Reading and Writing - This study, which was drawn from a larger published work, examined language proficiency and literacy skills predictive of learning content and function words via the commonly...     

Handicapped children and handicapped families

Conclusion In summary, this article has emphasized the stressful effect of a handicapped child on the family. The effect of the family on the child's achievement is emphasized as many handicapped children would not become disabled or their disability lessened by appropriate parental behavior. Because of the importance of the family as a teaching environment, for the preschool child in particular, three home-oriented programs are out-lined as possible models that others might find useful. These programs attempt to capitalize on the mother's continued contact with the child and her ability to supply a one-to-one teaching arrangement during the time when the child is most susceptible to change. Such programs also increase mother-child communication and enhance her sense of having some control over the child's development, and her self-image as a competent parent, in addition to making the parents aware of community resources and fostering contact with appropriate services. These parent programs for handicapped children should not be seen as a substitute for other child-oriented preschool programs but as part of a co-ordinated approach to the education of the preschool handicapped child.

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Benachteiligte Kinder Und Benachteiligte Familien

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Enfants Handicapes Et Familles handicapees

     

浅谈残疾学生体育教育

本文简述了当前残疾学生 (主要是弱智、视残、听残学生 )体育教育现状 ,从体育学科角度对残疾学生运动学习进行了探讨 ,从促进残疾学生体育教育发展的角度提出了几点设想。