瑞替普酶与尿激酶在急性ST段抬高心肌梗死溶栓治疗中的临床对比分析

目的:评价瑞替普酶与尿激酶治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)的临床疗效及不良反应,并比较二者的差异.方法:2011年1月-2012年10月我院收治的48例STEMI的病人均采用静脉溶栓,随机分为对照组(尿激酶)和研究组(瑞替普酶).研究组(22例)和对照组(26例),观察两组的溶栓冠脉再通率、再通时间、射血分数、不良反应发生率及急性期病死率.结果治疗组临床疗效明显改善,临床疗效总有效率高于对照组,两组相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组胸痛症状缓解及再通率比较:治疗组开始溶栓后2h胸痛症状缓解率及再通率明显改善,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),出血并发症及过敏反应的比较:溶栓治疗过程中,治疗组出现轻度出血4例(5.0%);对照组出现轻度出血7例(7.5%);两组均未出现重度或致命性出血及过敏反应.两组溶栓后60、90、120 min血管再通率比较,瑞替普酶组血管再通早、再通比例高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:瑞替普酶治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)冠脉再通时间早、冠脉再通率高、给药方便、药物维持时间长、不良反应少,是一种高效而安全的治疗AMI的理想溶栓药物.     

不同剂量替罗非班治疗非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征的临床观察

目的 探讨不同剂量替罗非班治疗非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)的临床效果。方法 80例NSTE-ACS患者,随机分为全量组与半量组,每组40例,均实施常规给予抗凝抗栓及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术治疗,全量组患者应用量替罗非班剂量为10μg/kg,半量组则减半应用。观察两组疗效。结果 半量组心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)3级血流获得率、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)灌注2~3级获得率、主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率对比全量组,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);半量组轻度出血事件发生率低于全量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 半剂量替罗非班应用于非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征的治疗可以明显改善冠状动脉血流和心肌灌注,近期预后良好,减少出血几率,具有较高安全性。     

Ⅰ期运动康复训练对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊PCI术后患者心功能及预后的影响研究

目的：分析Ⅰ期运动康复训练对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI）患者PCI术后心功能及预后的影响。方法：以75例STEMI患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组（n=35）与对照组（n=40）,对照组术后行常规康复,观察组接受Ⅰ期运动康复训练。比较两组患者心功能指标、运动能力及主要心血管不良事件（major adverse cardiac events, MACE）的发生情况。结果：观察组与对照组离院时血浆NT-pro BNP、cTNI与hs-CRP水平无统计学差异（P>0.05）。观察组术后6个月LVEF水平高于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组术后1个月与术后6个月显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后1个月及术后6个月MACE发生率分别为5.7%与8.6%,均低于对照组但无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：Ⅰ期运动康复训可改善STEMI患者预后,具备较高的应用价值。     

冠脉急诊PCI术与溶栓治疗对老年急性心肌梗死患者的临床疗效观察

目的:研究急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与静脉溶栓治疗对老年急性心肌梗死患者的近期疗效观察.方法:78例≥60岁的ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者,43例接受急诊PCI治疗.35例接受静脉溶栓治疗.比较两种治疗方法对患者的临床近期效果.结果:溶栓组梗死相关血管(IRA)再通率为68.5%,直接PcI组IRA再通率为97.6%;6个月时左室射血分数(LVEF)溶栓组为(40.5±5.8)%.直接PCI组为(51.6±6.5)%.出血并发症、住院期间病死率、再发心绞痛和主要心脏事件发生率,溶栓组明显高于直接PcI组.溶栓组平均住院时间为9.5d,PCI组平均住院时间为21.5d.结论:对老年AMI患者,急诊PCI治疗更能尽快、及时有效地开通梗死相关动脉,挽救濒死心肌,改善左室功能,降低病死率.     

Renal insufficiency is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality for patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective:To investigate the relationship between renal function and clinical outcomes among patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (ASTEMI), who were treated with emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: 420 patients hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital, diagnosed with ASTEMI treated with emergency (PCI) from January 2001 to June 2011 were enrolled in this study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was used as a measure of renal function. We compared the clinical parameters and outcomes between ASTEMI patients combined renal insufficiency and the patients with normal renal function. Results:There was a significant increase in the concentrations of fibrinogen and D-Dimer (P<0.05) and a much higher morbidity of diabetes mellitus in the group of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD; eGFR<60 ml/(min·1.73 m2)) (P<0.01). CKD (eGFR<60 ml/(min·1.73 m2)) was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality for patients hospitalized with ASTEMI receiving PCI therapy rapidly (P=0.032, odds ratio (OR) 4.159, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.127-15.346). Conclusions:Renal insufficiency is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality for patients hospitalized with ASTEMI treated with primary PCI.     

Effect of a distal protection device on epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion in primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective: The beneficial effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been well established, but there is the problem of no-reflow phenomenon which is an adverse prognostic factor in primary PCI. In the present study the effect of a distal protection device (PercuSurge GuardWire; GW) on epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion was evaluated. Methods and Results: Patients with AMI were randomly divided into 2 groups, the GW and the control groups. The GW group included 52 patients with AMI who underwent primary PCI with GW protection and the control group included 60 patients who underwent primary PCI without GW protection. Epicardial blood flow in the infarct-related artery (IRA) and myocardial perfusion were evaluated according to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade and the myocardial blush grade (MBG). We found TIMI score of 3 was obtained significantly more frequently in the GW group (96%) than in the control group (80%). The MBG score of 3 was obtained also significantly greater in the GW group (65%) than in the control group (33%). Conclusion: Primary PCI with GW protection can significantly improve epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion.     

A meta-analysis of randomized trials on clinical outcomes of paclitaxel-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients

A meta-analysis was performed to address the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all randomized clinical trials in mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction (rMI), repeat revascularization (RR), and stent thrombosis (ST). A total of 4190 STEMI patients were enrolled in six randomized trials comparing PES with bare-metal stent (BMS). The pooled repeat revascularization rate was 5.7% in PES group, significantly lower than 10.0% in BMS group with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.44, 0.72] (P<0.00001). No significant difference was found between PES and BMS groups in mortality at one year after the indexing procedure (3.9% vs. 5.1%, OR 0.88, 95% CI [0.63, 1.21], P=0.42). Similarly, rMI rate did not differ significantly between the two groups (3.4% vs. 4.1%, OR 0.80, 95% CI [0.56, 1.13], P=0.21). PES was also associated with the comparable pooled rate of definite stent thrombosis with BMS (2.3% vs. 2.4%, OR 0.81, 95% CI [0.52, 1.26], P=0.35). The results show that PES improved clinical outcomes in STEMI patients with a decreased need for repeat revascularization and no concerns for safety.     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死继发心脏破裂的预测因素分析

研究目的：心脏破裂是急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死最严重的并发症之一,病情凶险,死亡率高。通过明确心肌梗死后出现心脏破裂并发症的危险因素,早期识别心脏破裂高危人群,有利于在急性心肌梗死的早期采取干预措施以减少心脏破裂的发生。创新要点：既往缺乏对中国sT段抬高型心肌梗死继发心脏破裂的系统风险评估,本研究采用回顾性队列研究的方法,完善并健全中国多中心的急性心肌梗死数据库,样本总量达到9798例,为国内同类研究中样本量最多。既往的国外文献报道：女性、高龄、心梗后就诊时间延迟、前壁心肌梗死、溶栓治疗等是心肌梗死后心脏破裂的独立危险因素。本研究在中国人群验证以上危险因素的基础上首次提出就诊时血色素下降及白细胞计数的升高与随后发生的心脏破裂密切相关。新的心脏破裂预测因素的发现有利于对心脏破裂更精细化的危险分层,早期识别心脏破裂高危人群。研究方法：建立中国多中心心肌梗死数据库,比较发生心脏破裂与未发生心脏破裂患者临床特点的差异,筛选敏感特异的心脏破裂的独立预测因素。重要结论：中国人群急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死后心脏破裂的发生率是1．82％,独立预测因素主要包括：高龄、女性、就诊时静息心率增快、前壁心肌梗死、心功能不全、就诊时间延迟、肾功能不全、贫血与白细胞计数升高。本文第一次提出就诊时贫血状态及白细胞计数的升高时与心脏破裂的发生直接相关。     

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after lung transplantation: a case report

Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B -...     

Cardioprotective effect of liposomal prostaglandin E1 on a porcine model of myocardial infarction reperfusion no-reflow

Objective  

To evaluate whether liposomal prostaglandin E1 (lipo-PGE1) can decrease reperfusion no-reflow in a catheter-based porcine model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).     

Levosimendan versus dobutamine in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of levosimendan versus dobutamine in critically ill patients requiring inotropic support.

Methods

Clinical trials were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials, as well as Web of Science. Studies were included if they compared levosimendan with dobutamine in critically ill patients requiring inotropic support, and provided at least one outcome of interest. Outcomes of interest included mortality, incidence of hypotension, supraventricular arrhythmias, and ventricular arrhythmias.

Results

Data from a total of 3 052 patients from 22 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the analysis. Overall analysis showed that the use of levosimendan was associated with a significant reduction in mortality (269 of 1 373 [19.6%] in the levosimendan group, versus 328 of 1 278 [25.7%] in the dobutamine group, risk ratio (RR)=0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-0.92, P for effect=0.002). Subgroup analysis indicated that the benefit from levosimendan could be found in the subpopulations of cardiac surgery, ischemic heart failure, and concomitant β-blocker therapy in comparison with dobutamine. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hypotension, supraventricular arrhythmias, or ventricular arrhythmias between the two drugs.

Conclusions

In contrast with dobutamine, levosimendan is associated with a significant improvement in mortality in critically ill patients requiring inotropic support. Patients having cardiac surgery, with ischemic heart failure, and receiving concomitant β-blocker therapy may benefit from levosimendan. More RCTs are required to address the questions about no positive outcomes in the subpopulation in a cardiology setting, and to confirm the advantages in long-term prognosis.     

Effects of a classroom management intervention on student selective attention: results from a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT

A main objective of classroom management (CM) is to raise students’ attention to their daily academic work by creating a classroom environment that supports academic and socioemotional learning. While studies have addressed CM effects on classroom-level behaviour or students’ academic outcomes, students’ attention skills been largely overlooked. This randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of a teacher-targeted CM intervention on students’ selective attention. Twenty-four primary schools were randomized into receiving the Inclusive And Appreciative Classroom Management (IACM) intervention (treatment) or a general information technology (IT) didactics course (control condition). All participating 1st-grade teachers and their students (N = 1,160) were followed for 1 year. Using repeated measurements of the d2 Test of Attention, we find that the IACM intervention improves students’ selective attention with .26 standard deviations. The effect is robust to the inclusion of student- and classroom-level characteristics. All analyses account for the variation across students, classrooms, and schools.     

Supplementing literacy instruction with a media-rich intervention: Results of a randomized controlled trial

This study investigates whether a curriculum supplement organized as a sequence of teacher-led literacy activities using digital content from public educational television programs can improve early literacy outcomes of low-income preschoolers. The study sample was 436 children in 80 preschool classrooms in California and New York. Preschool teachers were randomly assigned to implement either a 10-week media-rich early literacy intervention that employed clips from Sesame Street, Between the Lions, and SuperWhy! or to a comparison condition. The media-rich literacy supplement had positive impacts (+0.20 ≤ d ≤ +0.55) on children's ability to recognize letters, sounds of letters and initial sounds of words, and children's concepts of story and print. The study findings show the potential for incorporating literacy content from public media programming into curriculum supplements supported by professional development to impact early literacy outcomes of low-income children.     

Respiratory face mask: a novel and cost-effective device for use during the application of myocardial ischemia in rats

To shorten operation time and improve survival rate of rats with myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction, we use a novel device comprised of a face mask and a head/neck retainer in this study. We report the basic design of the novel respiratory face mask (RFM) and evaluate its performance in a rat model of myocardial ischemia. The device is cost-effective and easier to handle than other devices, such as tracheal intubation. Compared with conventional tracheal intubation, we found that RFM shortens operation time significantly while keeping blood indices normal; the mean operation time for rats in the mask group was (32±3) min, and that for the intubation group was (45±7) min (P<0.05). Moreover, the size and shape of the RFM can be changed according to the body weight of rats. In conclusion, RFM is an appropriate device for the establishment of myocardial infarction or ischemia-reperfusion in rats.