全民教育思潮的发展及其对构建学习型社会的启示

全民教育思潮是伴随着教育民主化进程和日趋激烈的国际竞争而出现的,并在联合国教科文组织的直接推动下,自上个世纪90年代以来,形成了全民教育运动。这种思潮,正影响着我国教育理念的重塑和教育实践的发展,对当前推动教育均衡发展、构建学习型社会具有重要的现实意义。     

Education for All in India: assessing progress towards Dakar goals

About 60 years ago India established a policy of providing free and compulsory education to all children and began transforming the elite education system inherited from its colonial past into a mass education program. The task became a race against a rapidly growing population, which outstripped the pace at which children could be enrolled and educated in schools. Notwithstanding this demographic challenge, the system grew in size and the number of children participating in school grew many-fold. The struggle to reach the long cherished goal of universal elementary education continues even today. The present paper highlights two decades of EFA progress, paying particular attention to quantitative trends since 2001, and the policies framed and the strategies implemented to achieve greater equity and quality in the provision of basic education.

达喀尔论坛后的世界全民教育:进展、特点、挑战及前景

达喀尔世界教育论坛被认为是世界全民教育运动新的转折点.全民教育的十年评估以来,教育权利得到了世界范围内各国的广泛认同,教育质量成为全民教育的主要关注点.但世界全民教育依然面临巨大挑战,而全民终身学习是21世纪教育的关键,是实现更为有质量的生活和人性化社会的希望.     

孔子“有教无类”主张及其价值的现代透视

教育的对象问题,历来都是教育家关注的焦点。在孔子的教育思想中,最光辉的一点便是其“有教无类”的教育主张。它规定了孔子办私学的教育对象。今天,我们重温这一杰出命题,把握其基本思想内涵及现代价值,对于正在进行的教育改革仍有着重要意义。     

Target-driven reforms: Education for All and the translations of equity and inclusion in India

This paper critically examines the ways in which inclusion and equity are constituted through education development policies in India. Programmes implemented under global and national Education for All (EFA) policies have largely involved the quantification of ‘equity’ whereby schooling processes are measured against broad targets for school outcomes – focused mainly on student attendance, retention and academic achievement. Drawing on perspectives from Actor Network Theory, the paper puts forward the view of development reforms as ‘networks of translation’ in order to trace the shifts and vicissitudes of educational ideals. Reporting on ethnographic data of two reforms in the south Indian state of Karnataka, we show how narrow understandings of equity are produced through target-driven approaches to EFA. In doing so, the paper highlights the performative effects of education development policy and its potentially counterproductive consequences in contexts of poverty and marginalisation.     

Gender and Education for All: Progress and problems in achieving gender equity

The paper explores the effects of rapid increases in gender parity in primary schooling in Bangladesh and Malawi on gender inequities in schools and communities. Based on an analysis of comparative case studies of marginalized communities, we argue that educational initiatives focused on achieving gender parity provide limited evidence that girls’ educational experiences modeled significantly different gender norms than in communities, or that by being educated, girls experienced a transformation of the inequitable gender relations they faced in society. The data illustrate persistent gender discrimination related to educational attainment and learning, and gender-based violence in schools. These patterns of gendered discrimination and violence largely mirrored those that girls and boys experienced in their homes and communities, raising important questions about the transformational capacity of current gender parity and schooling models.     

Deconstructing Education for All: discourse,power and the politics of inclusion

The UNESCO World Declaration on Education for All from 1990 sets in motion the new agenda for educational reform that provides basic education for all disadvantaged children and adults in the global context. Since its formulation, a set of consecutive policy texts has been issued by international agencies to monitor, evaluate, and strengthen the capacity of governments to ensure that the goals of Education for All are met by 2015. This paper applies critical theory and discourse theory to provide an in‐depth analysis of the hegemonic ideologies of this global policy framework through the deconstruction of policy texts and discourses. It is argued that Education for All is a modernist project of the new imperialism, structured through the selecting, assembling and underpinning of policy discourses, to expand the ideological project of new capitalism in the global context. Discourse of inclusion is discussed both at the educational and political levels to portray the tensions of the global community in grappling with the issues of justice at the international, national, and local context.     

全民教育视野中的全球幼儿教育——全民教育全球监测报告(2007年)对全球幼儿教育的关注

联合国教科文组织发布的以“增强基础:幼儿保育和教育”为题的2007年全民教育全球监测报告对全球幼儿教育作了分析。该报告根据各国提供的信息,阐述了幼儿保育和教育的重要意义,分析了全球幼儿保育和教育发展的现状、各国幼儿保育和教育计划的发展走势,提出了实现全球幼儿教育目标的建议。     

Including students with disabilities in Education for All: lessons from Ethiopia

This article addresses the inclusion of students with disabilities into the Education for All and Sustainable Development Goals agenda through a case study of Ethiopia, a country aiming to promote inclusive education amidst rapidly rising school enrolments. The article begins with a review of debates concerning inclusive education in the Global South and the strategy taken by Ethiopia. It then examines how inclusive education is currently being implemented drawing on recent fieldwork at rural and urban schools in Tigray province. Through interviews, participant observation, and focus groups, we found that teachers and school administrators are generally in favour of mainstreaming children with disabilities into ‘normal’ schools. However, insufficient training of teachers and itinerant teachers along with shortages of teaching materials and resources present major challenges to addressing special education needs.     

No shared vision for achieving Education for All: Turkey at risk

Turkey is still far from realizing any of the six EFA goals. Since the Dakar Conference there have been many policy initiatives aiming at improving the quality of Turkish education. The impact and effectiveness of those policy initiatives are yet to be evaluated. The deficit of high quality analytical and empirical research constitutes a major weakness. So does the level of attention on monitoring and evaluation from policymakers. The recent introduction of strategic planning and performance-based budgeting could promote more emphasis on evaluation and monitoring in the coming years. In addition, a transparent, overarching education policy could foster policy dialogue among stakeholders. Overall, this article draws attention to the following critical factors for the EFA success in Turkey: political and economic support for education reform; the need to adopt strategy-oriented sector policies; increased capacity and emphasis on evaluation and accountability of educational policy-making; the need for a new national impetus to improve quality in education.

扩展我们的教育质量观：重新发现教育目的

高等教育机构对质量保证日益增加的重视以及初等和中等教育中评估学习成就的重要机构的出现,是教育领域中具有重要发展意义的代表性现象。全民教育(EFA)这一全球性运动表明,人们不仅意识到了世界各地的人们都有受教育的权利,而且承诺将教育扩展到世界各地。本文表明的是,尽管我们取得了重大进展,不容忽视的是挑战依然存在。笔者认为,目前在世界各地兴起的质量保证制度中关于质量构成的理解嵌入了个人主义概念。据此,笔者指出这是远远不够的,其他能够阐释我们作为个体、作为民族以及作为国家身份的更具概括性的概念需要被引入,这样才能获得关于质量的更广泛的观点。     

可欲且可行的全球公民教育实践路径:苏格兰“全球故事情节法”探析

研究发现,全球公民教育的热度不高与其实践层面的三重困境有关。"全球故事情节法"之所以成为苏格兰实施全球公民教育的最有效路径,正是源自于其对实践困境的有效回应:其一,政府对全球公民教育的倡导营造了相对宽松的政策环境,"全球故事情节法"与现有课程体系相融合获得了灵活的实践空间,实现了安全的课程地位。其二,通过对"故事情节法"和教育戏剧的运用,使全球社会和全球议题通俗化,实现了学生的体验式学习,弥合了学生认知能力和认知需求间的矛盾。其三,西苏格兰发展教育中心通过职业培训传播了理论知识和实践能力,构建了围绕全球公民教育的共同体,为教师提供了教学支持。     

教育研究的国际视野——联合国教科文组织教育研究机构的比较分析

本文对联合国教科文组织及其框架下的教育研究机构进行了介绍,对有关教育研究机构的研究、培训、咨询、出版与文献服务、论坛举办等主要活动进行了评述和比较分析.这些教育研究机构体现出广阔的国际视野,分工明确、协作互助,与时俱进、不断调整,组织健全、注重参与,对我国教育研究事业具有一定的借鉴意义.     

全球视野的全民教育理念

联合国教科文组织长期以来致力于推动全民教育的发展。该组织的许多教育文献就这一主题发表了一系列有价值的观点,形成了较为系统的全民教育理念,并对当代世界教育产生了重要的影响。教科文组织教育文献的全民教育理念主要涉及全民教育的内涵、意义、目的及实施策略。分析和总结该组织的全民教育理念有助于我们更好地理解和实施全民教育。     

新时代国际竞争力与高等教育之挑战

现代教育的战略作用与企业龙头一样迫切需要多样化。强烈建议领导者使用创新商业模式来调整业务,从而获取全球竞争力。本模式由五个要素组成,分别是：创意、捕捉、现金、承诺和文化。其中,文化因素最为重要,它把其他四个要素整合在一起发挥作用,给客户提供不可替代的价值。     

Integrating curriculum: a case study of teaching Global Education

Despite widespread support for integrated approaches to teaching, classroom practice reveals a lack of implementation. This paper explores challenges and opportunities in teaching an integrated curriculum, and connects this with the contemporary notion of a twenty-first century curriculum and pedagogy. A case study of Global Education (GE) is used to delineate the complexity of issues when teachers attempt to move beyond disciplinary-based teaching approaches. We examine curriculum documents, advice for teachers on curriculum implementation, preservice teachers’ experiences in schools during Professional Experiences and national guidelines for Professional Experience. Through these data, a broad picture emerges of influences on integrating curricula in classrooms. Opportunities to integrate curriculum incorporating twenty-first century pedagogies were limited by pressures on teachers with preservice teachers rarely exposed to authentic integration. Teachers’ professional standing requires clear guidelines, which allow them to pursue important twenty-first century content and skills , for young citizens and this must begin in preservice education.     

“科学大众化”的困境：社会学的分析

科学大众化是当今科学教育的一个核心概念,但在教材和教学层面,科学大众化却面临困境。这种困境主要体现为科学素养内容的不均衡性,即过分重视学科内容而忽视相应的个人、社会和文化意义。文章从科学家的学术控制和学校文化两个角度分析了这种不均衡性的原因。文章最后从两种理科课程取向之间的张力出发,提出科学教育家可能是科学大众化走出困境的希望。     

全球视域下教育考试及其功能述评

实施素质教育的最显性的障碍是现行教育考试制度。在全球教育改革视域中,它承担着引导学校素质教育、选拔高素质人才和促进社会持续发展的多重功效。按教育考试的目的、范围、强度、作用、影响和应用领域的不同,可将教育考试分为三种类型,不同类型的考试有其功能属性的差异。校内教育考试具有督导、发展、导向等教育属性功能;评鉴教育考试具有鉴定、评价、管理等行政属性功能;大规模教育考试具有调节、控制、文化、经济等社会属性功能。但是,教育考试负向性功能客观存在,发挥考试功能要注意趋利避害。     

Responding to diversity: the challenge of expanding basic education for young people in the south

This article explores the extent to which and how non-formal education (NFE) contributes to the development of a more diversified basic education system and thus to the achievement of EFA. It outlines the current nature of NFE, the frameworks provided by the EFA movement, and the evolution of reflection, policies and practices in NFE in relation to basic education as a whole. Based on significant developments in various countries across the South, the article also discusses some key challenges that ministries of education and their partners need to face in moving towards relevant and equitable diversity in education. The article posits that, despite the many problems faced by NFE, there is justification for building on its experiences and integrating these within a larger policy and systems framework that responds more effectively to needs and circumstances of children and young people.

全视角反馈评价在高校教育信息化绩效评价中的运用

全视角反馈评价是一种由多个评价者对被评价体进行全面评估的方法,将全视角反馈评价运用到高校绩效评价之中可以增加评价的真实性、可信性和透明度,通过多方反馈有利于找出高校教育信息化中存在的具体问题,并根据这些问题提出切实可行的措施来改善教育信息化绩效。