开放大学移动图书馆建设浅议

移动图书馆的建设作为一所现代开放大学信息化建设水平、科研基础和资源建设等方面的重要标志,是开放大学建设发展的一项公共服务基础.在移动图书馆建设中,馆藏数字资源移动化、资源利用率的提高、跨库资源统一查询、地域及网段限制的突破、实现多终端样式的自适应及同一版式的全文阅读等问题是移动图书馆需要解决的关键问题.     

方式、方法和整合——从电子阅览室的建设谈数字图书馆

数字图书馆是一个开放式的、提供高度应用环境的资源体系与服务体系结构，中小型高校图书馆在数字化建设中应注意加强宣传、形成创新体系、扩充能力等工作。     

Learning and engagement through natural history museums*

This review examines how natural history museums (NHMs) can enhance learning and engagement in science, particularly for school-age students. First, we describe the learning potential of informal science learning institutions in general, then we focus on NHMs. We review the possible benefits of interactions between schools and NHMs, and the potential for NHMs to teach about challenging issues such as evolution and climate change and to use digital technologies to augment more traditional artefacts. We conclude that NHMs can provide students with new knowledge and perspectives, with impacts that can last for years. Through visits and their on-line presence, NHMs can help students see science in ways that the school classroom rarely can, with opportunities to meet scientists, explore whole topic exhibitions, engage with interactive displays and employ digital technologies both in situ and to support learning in the school science classroom. Although these interactions have the potential to foster positive cognitive, affective and social outcomes for students, there is a lack of reliable measures of the impact of NHM experiences for students. Opportunities to foster relationships between NHM staff and teachers through professional development can help articulate shared goals to support students’ learning and engagement.     

论信息时代高校图书馆的定位

在新的信息环境下 ,资源形式不断增加 ,服务内涵不断拓展 ,服务手段不断更新 ,数字图书馆应运而生 ,传统图书馆正面临变革与挑战。专家预测 ,今后五到十年是中国高校图书馆开始实施新的战略部署和战略定位的重要时期 ,也是高校图书馆迅速发展的重要时期 ,研究和探讨信息时代高校图书馆定位问题 ,有着重要的现实意义。     

A portrait of academic life:

The process of constructing A Portrait of Academic Life web resource has included careful evidence gathering and analysis of student performance necessary to assess learning and give useful feedback to increase the students’ ability to use information effectively in education. The students, too, develop self-assessment and reflective skills as they create online research portfolios. The online resources model new technologyenhanced strategies for teaching and learning that support standards-based teacher education programs in higher institutions. Other artifacts contained in A Portrait of Academic Life include digital video vignettes of students actively completing course assignments and reflecting on the learning process, and instructor reflections on teaching strategies to improve learning outcomes. As a culminating course activity, students showcase their online research portfolios at a gallery walk. The students were tremendously excited to present the wealth of information they have so carefully collected using the powerful technology tools available for their use in the teacher education program at Towson University. The innovation and originality presented in the form of student online research portfolios offered fresh perspectives to the honored guests. Likewise, it will enormously help students and faculty to see examples of the process of transforming traditional research papers into rich, informative online research portfolios.     

No name,no game: Challenges to use of collaborative digital textbooks

Collaborative digital textbooks – comprehensive materials covering entire curriculums – are developing from being books in pdf format to becoming collaborative digital environments where teachers and students can communicate, engage in feedback and discussions, share and manipulate materials, test knowledge, and monitor results. This study investigates how these digital environments are used in school practice: How are the collaborative tools used to improve learning? Thirteen seventh- and eighth-grade classes, 370 students and 30 teachers in five Swedish secondary schools, were investigated over 1,5 years by means of questionnaires, classroom observations and interviews with teachers and students. Here, questionnaire results are presented, while observations and interviews serve to provide contextual insights. Collaborative tools were very little used; often teachers and students were not even aware of their existence. Most use was individual, students were left alone with the digital material. Students read or listened to the text and did not actively engage in learning by e.g. making notes or marking text. Most teachers did not use the material actively to help students understand and learn, most did not even check student results on automated tests. We conclude that the teachers have not incorporated the new, collaborative design of the digital textbook into their thinking regarding tools for teaching and learning and still regard it as a static book. This suggests that making full use of digital tools requires new ways of thinking of teaching, and that it takes more than providing digital tools to achieve this end.     

Digital downsides: exploring university students’ negative engagements with digital technology

Digital technologies are now an integral feature of university study. As such, academic research has tended to concentrate on the potential of digital technologies to support, extend and even ‘enhance’ student learning. This paper, in contrast, explores the rather more messy realities of students’ engagements with digital technology. In particular, it focuses on the aspects of digital technology use that students see as notably unhelpful. Drawing on a survey of 1658 undergraduate students from two Australian universities, the paper highlights four distinct types of digital ‘downside’. These range from low-level annoyances and interruptions, to ways in which digital technologies are seen to diminish students’ scholarship and study. Against this background, the paper considers how discussions of digital technology might better balance enthusiasms for what we know might be achieved through technology-enabled learning, with the often unsatisfactory realities of students’ encounters with digital technology.     

The exercise of the object: issues in resource reusability and reuse

What is to be captured and how it is to be reused are issues that currently dominate a learning object discourse constructed around the potential for technology to enable learning resource management through the collection and reuse and learning objects. Efficiency and quality gains are promised for institutions that engage with the learning object economy. This account of the issues surrounding current conceptions of the reusability and reuse of learning resources questions whether object‐based resource reuse can simultaneously achieve gains in both areas, and whether a learning object economy will sustain institutional development and diversity for those HEIs that participate in it.     

Social Use of the School Library: the colonisation and regulation of educational space

The existing literature on school libraries has been dominated by a view of them as ‘learning laboratories’ which should allow students opportunities for reading and conducting research into small scale projects. From this perspective, resource issues and helping students become knowledgeable users of library facilities are the major problems facing school librarians. This study breaks from the traditional research by focusing on the social use of the school library. Data are used from two case‐studies of school libraries to analyse student colonisation and teacher regulation of library space, and the processes by which students come to associate or dissociate themselves from using the library during the school day. The paper concludes by arguing that social factors form, an integral part of the context in which school libraries stand or fall as arenas which facilitate student learning, and that the spatial dimensions of social interaction should become central to analyses of educational differentiation.     

中外高校图书馆知识服务之比较与借鉴

国外高校图书馆的知识服务以顾客至上为服务理念,以集成技术为服务支撑,以馆际联盟为共享平台,以健全的管理制度为保障机制。我国高校图书馆的知识服务仍处于起步阶段,已经具备了一定的技术条件、馆藏资源和数据产品,但与国外比较,仍存在服务观念陈旧、服务方式单一、技术手段落后、资源共享性差、缺乏时效性和社会满足度低等问题,难以满足深层次知识服务的需要,有必要借鉴国外的成功经验,不断提高知识服务的能力和水平     

澳大利亚TAFE学院ICT建设的经验与启示

澳大利亚TAFE学院非常重视信息通信技术(ICT)在职业教育与培训中的应用,在数字资源库建设、信息化学习环境建设以及教师将ICT融入教学的策略等方面有着丰富的经验。因此,我国高职院校可以借鉴澳大利亚TAFE学院的举措,进一步推进数字资源库建设与服务功能打造,完善职业院校信息平台建设以及提高教师融合ICT教学的实践能力,加快我国职业教育信息化建设的发展。     

以互联网知识产品生产为导向的高校艺术理论课程教学模式改革研究

互联网发展与知识生产社会化正推动高等院校艺术理论课程教学改革。依托知识生产模式转型理论与联通主义学习论,以互联网知识产品生产为导向的艺术理论课程教学模式改革将教学过程划分为产品的设计、产品的样品制作与验证、产品的发布和产品使用效果反馈四个阶段。该模式将构建多位一体的课程资源体系,推动师生角色转变为知识生产的共同主体,出产形式丰富的教学成果,并形成多主体、多角度的教学评价体系,有助于提升学生的学习动力和知识的创新利用,实现艺术理论创意向产品转化,推进高校艺术理论知识生产向社会开放、与市场接轨,最终将艺术理论课堂打造成内外相互促进、持续更新的互联网知识产品生产动态系统。     

Empowering Student Voice through Interactive Design and Digital Making

Over the last two decades online technology and digital media have provided space for students to participate and express their voices. This paper further explores how new digital technologies, such as humanoid robots and wearable electronics, can be used to offer additional spaces where students' voices are heard. In these spaces, young students are invited to shape the design of digital tools and artifacts through the inclusion of their unique perspectives. The authors argue that involving youth in the design and use of tools contributes not only to the creation of meaningful learning experiences but also to the future potential of youth as producers of digital learning technologies.     

NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR HOME‐BASED LEARNING: THE CHALLENGE TO CAMPUS‐BASED INSTITUTIONS

Although there may be little expansion for conventional higher education on campus in the next decade, there is an unmet and growing need to provide home‐based continuing education. This will require an effective means of delivering learning materials to homes on a greater scale than can be handled by broadcasting alone, as well as the production of high quality software appropriate both to the means of delivery and the needs of students. There are several developments in technology which hold out promise for home use; these need to be developed as part of a wider learning system. Campus‐based institutions are well placed both to develop the hardware and to produce suitable learning materials, but this means that higher education institutions must show a much more flexible attitude to continuing education and to co‐operation with other organisations.     

基于语义网的外语网络教学模式探索与研究

近年来,随着全球数字化信息量呈现出爆炸性增长的态势,如何有效地分析和利用数据成为人类科学技术发展的新挑战,在大数据时代背景下,依托于网络资源的外语网络教学在资源的组织和利用、自主学习和学生个体行为方面也表现出不太理想的效果。在外语网络教学中引入语义网技术能有效实现外语资源的智能整合、自主学习的合理安排和建立学习者个体模型,将外语网络教学效果提升到一个新高度。     

An investigation of the linkage between technology-based activities and STEM major selection in 4-year postsecondary institutions in the United States: multilevel structural equation modelling

Among the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), much attention has been paid to the influences of math- and science-related learning contexts on students’ STEM major selection. However, the technology and engineering learning contexts that are linked to STEM major selection have been overlooked. In response, a nationally representative sample of young adults in the US was used to investigate the relationship between technology-based activities and students’ STEM major choices in 4-year postsecondary institutions. Multilevel structural equation modelling (ML-SEM) revealed that the frequent use of video or computer games was related strongly to students’ STEM major selections in 4-year postsecondary institutions, after taking into account demographic characteristics and math achievement scores. The results provide evidence that promoting technology-rich learning environments is a significant factor in motivating students to pursue STEM careers.     

浅谈新时期高校数字图书馆的建设和发展

高校合并促进了图书馆建设。文章对目前高校数字图书馆的建设和发展提出了几点看法。     

利用“Facebook”发展网络学习社区

当高等教育机构都在宣传远程教育“一站式服务”特点的时候,他们并没有热衷于（至少在现阶段）把Facebook这样的工具加入他们的绑定服务。这些服务现在可以通过诸如Angel和Blackboard的课程管理系统（CMSs）实现。高等教育现在还没有准备好完全接纳CMSs。从理论上说,学生们在CMSs中可以更有效地学习。然而,其他的社会网络工具（如博客、维客和播客）显得要比Facebook更适合在远程教育中使用。要注意的是,对CMSs进行＂整合＂而不是＂代替＂是这一类工具现在唯一的功用。使用这一类网络工具的用户大部分都支持这一事实即Facebook能为大学生们提供一种社会出路。因为,不管它效果如何,社会交往总是人类教育的核心。在这一方面,Facebook会起到作用,但是把这一作用融入到远程教育中却缺少了一股推动力。学生们可以把它作为合作学习中次要的信息交流途径。例如：学生们可以通过在自己的空间中邀请同学来共同完成小组作业。Facebook提供的服务（如聊天、结识新同学、安排社会、学术会议等）可以通过使用CMSs当前的技术来实现,同时避免社会网络中普遍存在的安全漏洞和其他法律问题。目前对于Facebook应用在网络学习社区中的观念很可能一夜之间被颠覆,基于Facebook的新发展,技术融合以及远程教育管理者观念的改变,面对一些学生学习花费时间长的这一情况,Facebook改进了原来在推进学习（如完成任务花费的时间）中的功用。Facebook的引入可能使学习环境很舒适,但是笔者很想深刻的挖掘该技术,并探索将它用于学术领域的可能性,把它作为一种潜在的方式使学生可以远程互相学习而不用挤在一个狭小的空间。