Exploring copyright knowledge in relation to experience and education level among academic librarians in Kenya

Since the year 2001, Kenya’s copyright regime has extensively been shaped by Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement; World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty; Africa Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA); and The Cotonou Agreement, which have advocated for effective copyright administration and management structures in addition to stiffer penalties for those who violate copyright laws. Despite better administrative structures being put in place, copyright infringement in Kenya has persisted. Being able to balance the needs of rights owners and information consumers becomes a critical role librarians have to play. Knowledge about copyright, thus, becomes critical. Despite the fact that librarians in Kenya are not a homogenous group, how knowledgeable the different librarian cadres are concerning copyright issues is least understood. The raison d’être for this study is to find out whether different cadres of librarians based on academic qualifications differ in the level of knowledge on copyright issues. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Results indicate no statistically significant difference in self-reported knowledge of copyright among the five librarian cadres based on their education level and neither is there a statistically significant difference based on librarians’ years of service. Statistically significant differences among the five librarian cadres exist when we compare “tested knowledge” of copyright issues. Evidence of insufficient mastery of provisions in the Kenyan copyright law does exist.     

Protection of intellectual property and copyright: The rôle of the World Intellectual Property Organization

This paper describes the activities of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and presents its programme for the next few years in the field of copyright, with particular emphasis on aspects of interest to publishers.     

(1) The Training of Hospital Librarians in the U.S.A.

Copyright, a legal discipline concerned with the protection of the moral and economic rights of the creators of literary, scientific and artistic works, is recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 27.2), as are the rights to information and culture. This intellectual right amounts to a monopoly on exploitation for authors, which is the subject of national legislation and international conventions designed to ensure its worldwide harmonization. Since the invention of printing, which brought it into being, copyright has been adapted to the various technologies for disseminating and communicating works of the mind that have subsequently developed. Because respect for copyright is a fundamental requirement for the full development of the creative work for which it provides remuneration, copyright today is faced with the difficulty of maintaining the delicate balance among the legitimate interests of authors, successors-in-title and the general public in the digital environment. This paper illustrates a highly topical international debate, analyses international agreements adopted under the aegis of WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) last December and describes UNESCO's doctrine on the subject.     

What does ZWOLLE stand for?

Zwolle stands for a unique approach to the management of copyright in international higher and further education. The stakeholders in copyright management include authors, publishers, librarians, universities and the public. The seven Zwolle Principles were agreed at the conference on Copyright and Universities held in Zwolle in The Netherlands in December 2002. The principles and the examples of good practice in copyright management represent the best opportunity for resolving differences and achieving convergence of the interests of stakeholders.     

高等学校机构知识库资源征集的著作权策略探讨

著作权管理是高等学校机构知识库资源建设的重要法律问题。以著作权状态为标准,可以把高校机构知识库储存的资源分成五大类。高校机构知识库资源征集的著作权障碍包括:著作权政策不完善、共同拥有的著作权的制约、作者对著作权侵权的担忧、著作权立法存在不确定性。解决该问题应采取如下措施:制定统一的机构知识库著作权管理的政策架构、提高机构知识库著作权资源授权协议的规范性、建立鼓励性与强制性相结合的资源自存储政策、主动与出版商合作建立著作权的许可使用机制、在高等教育界宣传普及机构知识库的基本知识。     

Access to knowledge in the digital era

Access to knowledge is a critical issue when intellectual property rights are debated among governments in such fora as the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Trade Organization. Scientific and scholarly materials became available online long before other types of copyright‐protected works, such as music and films. It is therefore particularly interesting to analyse how this specific field of publishing has adapted to the new digital landscape. Lessons can be learnt from related business sectors. Licensing is a key component in creating access, on terms and conditions that are fair and balanced for users in all parts of the world; this will encourage writing and publishing both now and in the future.     

网络环境中的版权保护与数字文献浏览权

探讨了网络环境下版权保护与数字献浏览权之间的关系，认为过分保护版权人的利益不利于知识信息的交流与传播。应该在保护版权人利益与满足广大社会公众的需求之间寻求平衡点。     

中学生数字版权教育的困境与对策研究

中学生作为在数字阅读市场中占有较高比重的用户群体,其版权意识相对薄弱,数字盗版行为频发。与此同时,我国数字版权教育面临版权文化土壤根基贫乏、数字版权市场利益现实抑制和网络传播催化盗版泛滥三大困境。而时代需求和发展导向的深刻变化,如知识产权战略、"双创"政策驱动、大数据时代与人工智能等,也为中学生的数字版权教育树立新观念、转变新思路提供了契机和平台。具言之,教育者应立足实现在教育理念上不添加课程负担与数字版权意识培养并行;在教育内容上数字版权经济化教育与数字版权法治化教育并进;在教育手段上现实书本版权教育与虚拟技术版权教育并举;在教育环境上课堂、家庭数字版权教育与社会数字版权教育并施的教育转向。     

Collective administration of literary works

Reproduction rights organizations, which administer reproduction copyrights collectively, are one of the major implementation mechanisms for copyright law, on both a national and an international level. The operation of RROs is described, with examples from Norway, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The International Federation of Reproduction Rights is discussed, and future plans for licensing databases are summarized. This article was adapted from a presentation to Latin American Copyright Specialists at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 1991, which was sponsored by the International Copyright Institute of the U.S. Copyright Office and the World Intellectual Property Organization.     

Open government

Access to government information in electronic form is essential to the realization of a civil society, democratization, and a rule of law. Freedom of information issues are centrally important in countries around the world, and the Internet's World Wide Web offers the potential to provide freedom of information at low cost. Achieving a sound information policy to promote open government requires constant vigilance by those who care about the goal. The greatest threat is state sponsored monopoly. State sponsored monopolies are inimical to open government and rule of law because they open the possibility of censorship, because they raise prices and increase cost, and because they deprive the public of new technology developments. Agencies should never seek to restrict redissemination or to prescribe prices at which information may be distributed to redisseminated. Copyright law may be interpreted to exclude the possibility of copyright in basic public information. Finally, the proposed database protection treaty now pending before the World Intellectual Property Organization should be opposed, unless drafters add a compulsory license provision to mandate multiple sources and channels for public information locked up by intellectual property and database rights.     

论著作权集体管理对国内英文学术期刊的意义

在越来越多的新兴国家参与世界学术出版的背景下,其著作权管理能力与西方发达国家的差距变得不可忽视。文章揭示了国内英文学术期刊在著作权管理中的问题,指出在信息时代建立国内的著作权集体管理制度以监管国内英文学术期刊著作权的必要性和优势。将著作权集体管理立足于国内,提出了改进的著作权责分配方式,帮助小型出版机构深入地了解更平衡的国际出版合作关系。     

入世后广东省科技图书馆的发展

2001年底广东省科技图书馆新馆落成，也恰逢中国已成为贸易组织的正式成员。由于知识产权保护问题，给图书馆的发展带来始料不及的影响，作为华南地区科技文献的支撑保障单位－广东省科技图书馆面对的是“惟有创新是坦途”。     

论数字图书馆版权立法的现状与出路

我国的版权立法开始于20世纪90年代,至今已形成由法律、法规和规章组成的系统的版权法体系。但是除《信息网络传播权保护条例》涉及到数字图书馆外,其他法律法规均没有把数字图书馆纳入立法视野。数字图书馆版权立法滞后不利于数字图书馆的发展,解决数字图书馆的版权问题一方面在于加快数字图书馆版权立法,另一方面在于积极发展著作权集体组织,创新著作权授权模式。     

机构知识库资源版权问题的解决策略

机构知识库资源种类繁多,使资源的版权归属呈现出复杂性的特征。不论资源版权归属何方,机构知识库对资源合理地进行网络传播、长期保存的首要前提都是获得来自资源版权持有者的授权许可。国家著作权法律法规的大力支持、出版商对机构知识库资源存储行为的许可、机构知识库自身资源管理行为的严格规范、机构知识库用户资源使用行为的约束限制,均是解决机构知识库资源版权问题的有效对策。     

Fair dealing for criticism and review in scholarly publishing

UK Copyright law (CAPD 1988) defines the requirements for qualification for copyright protection in the UK and for many of the permitted acts. A defence against infringement of copyright is provided for under the terms of fair dealing for the purposes of criticism and review, but use of this defence must be assessed on the nature and extent of the use of copyright material in each case. Industry practice and guidelines exist for use of some text material, but not for the fair dealing use of other copyright material such as images and artwork, the inclusion of which was a major change in the CAPD 1988 act from earlier UK copyright acts.     

国外电子书馆际互借经验与启示

采用光沉积-液相化学法调节电子流向,构建了直接Z型TiO₂/Ag/Ag₃PO_{(4 )}(TAAPO)光催化材料.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪以及光致发光(PL)光谱仪等手段对其进行表征,并对其在可见光照射下催化降解环丙沙星(CIP)的性能进行了研究.结果表明,当水体pH为3.0,催化剂分散浓度为0.3 g/L,CIP的初始浓度为15 mg/L时,光催化降解体系能够取得最佳的去除效果.在该组条件下,光照120 min CIP的降解率约为99%,并且在经历4个循环后仍然保持了良好的降解效果.在光催化降解CIP的过程中,主要反应活性物种为超氧自由基(·O₂     

Content Analysis of Restrictive Publisher Copyright Policies for Electronic Reserves

ABSTRACT

A case study of a large urban academic library with an established electronic reserve system and copyright management database was attempted in order to analyze restrictions in publishers' electronic reserve copyright policies. The researcher proposed that publishers' electronic reserve copyright policies and the treatment of copyright permission requests restrict what and how much can be made available to students on an electronic reserve system. Background research on fair use, copyright laws, and library and publisher policies and positions on electronic reserve copyright issues is presented. The research methodology is outlined and analysis tools are explained. The results of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed. Appendices include samples of the analysis tools.     

论图书馆采访员预防著作权侵权的职责

文献采访是图书馆著作权侵权的源头,预防侵权采访员责无旁贷。预防采购盗版书刊,防止接受捐赠、调拨、交换侵权书刊,预防书刊补遗侵权,预防采购著作权侵权数据库,防止使用数据库侵权,预防采访开放存取的科学数据、期刊等网络信息资源侵权,这些都是采访员维护著作权的职责范畴。     

Electronic resources and copyright issues: Consequences for libraries

The application of copyright law to electronic resources is receiving more attention as technologies grow in kind and complexity. The function of copyright as a means of protection for software continues to be questioned, and efforts to resolve this issue are further confounded by the industry's use of patents and license agreements. The rapid growth of electronic resources has precipitated revisions in copyright law in the past decade. A new law has been proposed in 1989 which would further define the application of copyright to software. The current and proposed use of copyright law to protect electronic resources, and its effect on educational institutions and libraries, is discussed. Suggestions to meet the challenge of acquiring electronic resources are offered.