概念隐喻在大学英语教学中的应用

笔者认为概念隐喻不仅仅指的是一种语言现象,更重要的是概念隐喻能够有效的激发出学生的主观能动性,加深学生对英语知识的记忆以及领悟。在大学英语学习中使用概念隐喻能够大幅度的提高外语教学的质量,通过此篇文章的论述,希望能为广大教师、学生提供帮助。     

A comparison between traditional and constructivist teaching in college biology

Two large sections of introductory biology for nonmajors were given the same course information with two different teaching styles. One group (N=86) was presented material in the traditional teacher-centered manner of lecture and laboratory while course information was given to the second group (N=98) in the student-centered, constructivist format. Learning was assessed in both groups with the same evaluative instruments and the results compared. This analysis revealed that the experimental (constructivist taught) population did significantly better than the control (traditionally taught) population. Furthermore, the students in the experimental group maintained a better attitude throughout the semester and enjoyed the introductory course more than the students in the control population.     

Factors influencing success in introductory college chemistry

Previous research has found a wide range of predictors of student performance in introductory college chemistry. These predictors are associated with both the students' backgrounds and their high school learning experiences. The purpose of this research study was to examine the link between high school chemistry pedagogical experiences and performance in introductory college chemistry while accounting for individual educational and demographic differences. The researchers surveyed 1531 students enrolled in first‐semester introductory college chemistry courses for science and engineering majors at 12 different U.S. colleges and universities. Using multiple regression analysis, the researchers uncovered several interesting high school pedagogical experiences that appeared to be linked with varying levels of performance in college chemistry. Most notably, the researchers found that repeating chemistry labs for understanding was associated with higher student grades, whereas overemphasis on lab procedure in high school chemistry was associated with lower grades in college. These results suggest that high school teachers' pedagogical choices may have a link to future student performance. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 42: 987–1012, 2005     

Noncognitive predictors of achievement in introductory college chemistry

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive relationship between initial student attitudes, admissions test scores, years of high school math taken, and subsequent achievement in introductory college chemistry. Included in this study was a sample of 179 students who began as new freshmen during the same fall semester and took an introductory chemistry course during their first year of college. The results of this study indicated that noncognitive variables were significant predictors of student performance. These findings also indicated that, for some types of academic outcomes, noncognitive variables may be better predictors of achievement than traditional measures such as admissions test scores.     

Are four heads better than one? A comparison of cooperative and traditional teaching formats in an introductory biology course

The objective of this experiment was to compare the impact of a cooperative learning format with a traditional lecture-oriented format in the teaching of introductory biology. Differences were found in favor of the cooperative learning format in measures of student satisfaction, the ability to find information on one's own, the acquisition of factual knowledge, and the ability to work with others. The results of this study affirm the viability of using a cooperative learning approach over a traditional lecture format.Judith E. Miller is Director of Educational Development and Professor of Biology and Biotechnology at WPI, Worcester, Massachusetts. She received the Ph.D. in Microbiology from Case Western Reserve University and the B.S. in Biological Sciences from Cornell University. Her special interests include the restructuring of technical courses to include cooperative learning and educational productivity. James E. Groccia is the Director of the Program for Excellence in Teaching at the University of Missouri, Columbia. He received the Ed.D. in Educational and Counseling Psychology from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, the M.S.Ed. in Social Science Education from Hofstra University, and the B.A. in Psychology from Hartwick College.     

Attitudes of introductory college biology students toward evolution

Introductory college biology students were surveyed to investigate their attitudes toward evolution. Thurstone's Scale No. 30, Form A, Attitudes Toward Evolution was used to survey the sample. Results indicate that the majority of introductory biology students believe in the theory of evolution. Two demographic variables, sex and influence of the church, produced a significant correlation with the attitude scores. There were significant interactions between sex and influence of high school biology teacher and between sex and major. Self rating by the individual students and attitude scores also produced a significant correlation. Construct validity of the attitude scale was supported by the significant correlation between student self rating and scale scores. ANOVA produced a F value significant at the 0.01 probability level, and Spearman's correlation coefficient between the two measures was 0.73. Although the Thurstone Scale No. 30, Form A, is over 45 years old, the results of this study suggest that it is a reliable instrument for use today with modifications in item construction, scaling or adaptation to other scoring methods.     

A model for teaching an introductory programming course using ADRI

High failure and drop-out rates from introductory programming courses continue to be of significant concern to computer science disciplines despite extensive research attempting to address the issue. In this study, we include the three entities of the didactic triangle, instructors, students and curriculum, to explore the learning difficulties that students encounter when studying introductory programming. We first explore students’ perceptions of the barriers and affordances to learning programming. A survey is conducted with introductory programming students to get their feedback on the topics and associated learning resources in the introductory programming course. The instructors’ perceptions are included by analyzing current teaching materials and assessment tools used in the course. As a result, an ADRI based approach is proposed to address the problems identified in the teaching and learning processes of an introductory programming course.     

中西文化的对比在大学英语教学中的重要性

具备超越文化局限的眼光和意识,拥有跨文化交流的知识和技能,并学会与来自不同文化背景的人交往,是当代年轻人应有的基本素质。     

Cognitive efficiency: A conceptual and methodological comparison

Cognitive efficiency (CE) is generally defined as qualitative increases in knowledge gained in relation to the time and effort invested in knowledge acquisition. Across disciplines, limited consensus exists concerning the conceptual and measurement properties of CE partly because some researchers indiscriminately use the construct of CE to describe neurological, instructional, performance, and learning efficiency. In this study, two models of measuring CE, the likelihood model (Hoffman & Schraw, 2010), and the deviation model ( [van Gog and Paas, 2008] and [Paas and van Merri?nboer, 1993]) were used to compare problem-solving outcomes and determine if different conceptual models of CE measure the same or different efficiency constructs. The two models yielded uncorrelated scores using the same data. Further, regression analysis revealed that unique variance associated with effort, self-efficacy judgments, and background knowledge differed according to the measurement model used, suggesting that either each measurement approach assessed a different facet of CE, or the efficiency constructs measured were altogether different. Practical applications of CE research for teaching and learning are discussed.     

Correlations between teaching practices and class achievement in introductory algebra

Certain teaching practices were found to be linked to the educational achievement of students learning algebra for the first time. Collective teaching was observed with an instrument based on one developed by Stallings (1977). Student achievement appeared related, to some extent, to academic discourse. For this to be the case, this discourse had to come mainly from the teacher who was dispensing instruction, lecturing in a large-group context with or without teaching materials, asking questions, helping the student unable to give a correct answer, or giving feedback. The quantity of such discourse was also important. It appeared that it must be plentiful, but not excessive. Correlations with student achievement of large-group instruction and of instruction where the teacher monitors student work are the main focus of this paper. Student discourse in general, and non-academic discourse in particular, appear to have negative effects on achievement if they become frequent.     

浅谈数学概念的教学策略

数学概念是数学的逻辑起点，在数学学习中具有重要地位。数学概念的教学策略主要有：概念同化与概念形成相互渗透；从模糊到精确；形义结合；化繁为简；加强数学语言教育；形成良好的数学认知结构；利用实例进行数学概念教学。     

Planning introductory college courses: Content, context and form

Course planning is an important faculty role requiring expertise and effective decision-making. Despite the centrality of planning activities in the teaching-learning process, relatively little research has explored the process by which instructors in higher education plan their classes. Thus, the author and colleagues pursued a three-year series of studies of college instructors in the US who were teaching introductory classes. The study explored faculty members' underlying assumptions about planning and their decision-making processes. This chapter summarizes these empirical studies that inform us about the general and discipline-specific purposes faculty express for their classes, the contextual influences that modify their intentions, and the way they arrange discipline content for teaching. A key finding was that differences in course planning reflect varied assumptions about students and about their discipline that faculty in different fields bring to the planning process and which strongly influence them.     

以人为本的大学英语教学思想

在当今大学英语教学思想正处于百花齐放，百家争鸣的时期，一种以人为本的大学英语教学思想已颇受关注。如何使这种思想真正贯彻到教学实践中是广大教师一直思考的问题，笔者通过本文从三个方面谈了自己的看法。     

Student ratings of college teaching: a comparison of faculty and their students

Based on the review of student ratings myths by Aleamoni (1987, 1999), a survey research design was used to analyse differences between college students' (n = 968) and faculty's (n = 34) perceptions. Generally, students held stronger beliefs in these myths, in that they believed faculty with excellent publication records were better qualified to evaluate teaching and that student ratings on single general items are accurate measures of teaching effectiveness. On the other hand, faculty believed that student ratings were invalid and unreliable. Further examination of student characteristics revealed that male students held stronger beliefs in these myths. Finally, students' beliefs in these myths were correlated with their actual ratings of nine dimensions of the Student Evaluation of Educational Quality. A discussion as well as suggestions for using student ratings is provided.     

高校非天文学专业本科生天文学课的教学改革

文章从中国高校天文学课程的情况及存在的问题入手,结合笔者近五年来在贵州大学从事天文学基础课程的教学经验。总结了我们在非天文学专业本科生天文学课程的教学内容、方法和改进措施,以及所取得的教学成果。     

大学英语词汇教学探讨

词汇的学习是语言学习最基本的方法,同时也是语言应用的先决条件。英语词汇学习除了掌握发音、拼写以及单词的通用意思外,必须特别关注词的语义关系及其在不同语境中的不同意思。从词汇意义的构成和词汇意义的关系入手,探讨大学英语词汇教学的内部特征,然后根据词的语义关系,并在语境基础上采取有效方法,使学生提高英语的语言和交际能力。     

"全程英语+专业课+系列模块"大学英语教学模式的构建

我国的大学英语教学在不同的历史阶段因侧重点的不同而出现了不同的教学模式.本研究结合外语教学的基本理念以及人文主义教育思想,在建构主义学习理论和多元智能理论的基础上,构建了一个能够培养适应社会经济发展的高素质综合型外语人才的大学英语教学模式--"全程英语+专业课+系列模块".     

概念隐喻与英语写作的教学研究

目前学生的写作能力不是很理想。原因是教师在教学中过多的注重语法,阅读等能力的培养,而忽略了学生写作思维能力的提升。本文以概念隐喻为理论基础,试图将这一理论很好的运用到提高学生写作能力上。作者从记忆,练习,翻译,写作等方面给出建议。