非特定人语音识别系统的设计与实现

建立了一个基于HMM算法的非特定人语音识别系统,阐述了具体实现过程,包括预处理、特征参数的提取及模板的匹配.并用MATLAB6.5对整个系统进行了仿真,仿真结果表明该系统可实现对非特定人输入命令词的识别,识别率约为88.6%.     

特定人语音识别算法——DTW算法

在特定人孤立词语音识别中,最为简单有效的方法是采用动态时间弯折(dynamic time warping,DTW)算法。该算法基于动态规划(DP)的思想,解决了发音长短不一的模板匹配问题,是语音识别中很成功的一种匹配算法。     

基于能量加权的子带杂交法在掌纹识别中的应用

在掌纹采集过程中,由于受光照噪声的影响,以及手掌的弓形常常给掌纹采集带来噪声.基于此,提出小波变换子带杂交的一种新颖掌纹识别算法.该算法综合考虑小波同层各子带及相邻层子带分解系数的噪声特点,采用基于掌纹图像空间能量加权,再由二维主元分析(Two-dimensional Principle component Analysis,2DPCA)算法降维、去相关,最终由最小距离分类器完成掌纹识别.基于香港理工大学公布的PolyU掌纹数据库的实验,此算法正确识别率达到100%.同2DPCA算法相比,提出的算法不仅正确识别率较高,识别效率也较高.     

非特定人语音控制机器人的课程设计与实现

提高大学生的创新能力是当今社会的迫切需求,而机器人实践平台是高校学生工程教育的最佳载体,因此,单片机课程设计的题目选择"非特定人语音控制机器人",让学生利用指定的实验模块和可选添的实验模块,以小组为单位按照各自设计通过工程实践实现非特定人对机器人的语音控制,这符合创新性教学理念,代表着科研与教学的有机结合。以学号121003224小组的实践为例,证明"非特定人语音控制机器人"创新性课程设计,既夯实了学生的理论知识,提升了学生的实践应用能力,又奠定了学校机器人创新实践平台的实验基础。     

模块2DPCA算法在人脸识别中的应用和讨论

文章讨论了模块2DPCA(two-dimensional principal eomponent anallysis)的人脸识别方法.传统的PCA方法是在特征抽取之前将子图像矩阵转化为图像向量,这样会造成维数增大.二维主成分分析算法(2DPCA)作为模式识别领域的一种重要算法,它直接利用原始二维图像矩阵,生成特征提取所需的图像协方差矩阵,具有较高健壮性.模块2DPCA是2DPCA的推广,模块2DPCA方法先对图像矩阵进行分块,将分块得到的子图像矩阵直接用于构造总体散布矩阵,然后利用总体散布矩阵的特征向量进行图像特征提取.与2DPCA相比,模块2DPCA方法在识别性能上优于PcA.、比2DPCA更具有鲁棒性.最后就模块2DPCA存在的问题进行了讨论.     

语音特征的神经网络识别

针对非特定人的孤立词识别问题，研究构造了基于神经网络建模的语音识别算法。该算法的意义在于将神经网络应用于非特定人语音识别中，并取得了较好的识别效果，表明了神经网络在语音识别中的优势。     

基于HMM状态结构调整的非特定人语音识别

利用HMM模型状态间的混淆度, 提出了一种新的状态结构调整算法, 使不同的状态可以共享相同的高斯混合函数, 并在EM算法的框架下推导出对状态结构调整后的增加参数, 即状态间权值的重估公式. 并对非特定人进行大词汇量汉语连续语音识别实验, 实验结果表明状态结构调整后的系统不仅优于基线系统, 还获得了比传统的参数增加方法更高的识别率, 由此证明了状态结构调整方法的有效性.     

基于AdaBoost与改进CNN的驾驶员愤怒情绪识别

针对驾驶员愤怒驾驶引发的道路交通安全问题,提出一种基于AdaBoost与改进卷积神经网络(convolutional neural net-works,CNN)的驾驶员愤怒情绪识别模型.利用AdaBoost算法检测驾驶员人脸并采集面部表情数据,建立基于驾驶员情绪的表情数据集.针对CNN中LeNet模型的不足,提出改进方...     

智慧学习环境中基于面部表情的情感分析

情感与认知加工之间存在着密不可分的联系,学习过程中的情感状态对学习效果有一定的影响。在智慧学习环境中实现学习者情感分析,有利于促进智慧学习的发生。表情作为人类情感表达的主要方式,其中蕴含了大量有关内心情感变化的信息,通过面部表情人们可以推断内心微妙的情感状态。目前,人脸检测技术已经实现了从复杂背景中定位人脸,分类算法也相对成熟,因此表情识别的研究工作主要集中在表情特征提取上,而现有研究基本上都是基于人脸与表情的混合特征进行的识别,这产生了较大的干扰。在表情识别时,理想情况是将个体相关的人脸特征和与个体无关的表情特征相分离。依据心理学家Ekman提出的FACS(面部表情编码系统)构建的智慧学习环境下基于面部表情识别的情感分析框架,通过特征分解将个体特征及表情特征分解到不同的子空间,在表情子空间中进行表情识别,从而排除个体特征对表情识别的干扰。经JAFFE表情库的验证,表情识别结果比较理想,已在三维虚拟学习平台Magic Learning的师生情感交互子系统上实现了基于面部表情的学习者情感识别及情感干预。     

基于稀疏表示的人脸表情识别算法研究

针对基于局部纹理特征的人脸表情识别算法不能有效表达不同表情状态下人脸运动单元差异性的问题,提出一种改进的稀疏表示人脸表情识别算法,将人脸纹理特征与全局位置特征用稀疏表示模型相结合,得到人脸表情的稀疏系数矩阵,并作为支持向量机表情识别的输入。人脸表情库BU_3DFE实验结果表明,该算法提高了表情识别的准确率。     

学校恐惧倾向儿童的情绪识别能力

本研究采用内隐联想测试来区分儿童是否具有学校恐惧倾向,进而考察他们的情绪识别能力.本研究采用内隐联想测试和学校恐惧分量表将儿童分组,并使用表情判断任务测试表情识别能力.结果表明,使用内隐联想测验分组的儿童在学校恐惧分量表的得分上有显著差异.具有学校恐惧倾向的儿童对恐惧表情的识别正确率显著低于普通儿童,对悲伤面孔的反应时也显著长于普通儿童.因此可以得出如下结论:学校恐惧倾向儿童在表情识别上与普通儿童存在差异.     

体势语,不容忽视的课堂教学语言

体势语言指具有表义作用的动作、表情、姿态。在课堂教学中 ,教师体势语可以辅助有声语言增强情感表达效果 ,同时 ,在不便用有声语言表达或有声语言表达没有效果时 ,还可以代替有声语言表情达意 ,更好地完成教学任务。学生体势语是教师了解学生学习信息的重要手段。教师可以通过学生的眼神、目光 ,通过观察学生的动作、表情 ,获得有益的信息反馈 ,及时有效地调整、组织课堂教学。     

英汉“死亡”隐喻认知对比

针对人们倾向于用隐喻的手法来表征死亡这一抽象概念,语言的隐喻表述与隐喻概念是有规律地结合在一起的现象,以认知语言学理论中概念隐喻为支撑,对英汉两种语言中对＂死亡＂隐喻认知在共性和个性方面的差异进行系统的对比分析,以寻找这种隐喻表达下的深层文化蕴含。     

Does weak reading comprehension reflect an integration deficit?

Seven‐ and eight‐year‐old skilled and less‐skilled comprehenders were compared on a sentence recognition task in two conditions varying in memory load and retention interval. Integration of story information during comprehension was indexed by inflated recognition errors of foils that had been constructed by integrating information across original story sentences. Skilled comprehenders exhibited more accurate memory for sentences than less‐skilled comprehenders. However, the groups did not differ in the degree to which they integrated information with minimal memory demand, or in their tendency to integrate information and retain the integrated representations with increased memory demand. These results were interpreted as evidence that integration deficits do not lie at the root of reading comprehension difficulties in mainstream children.     

Generalized Discrimination of Positive Facial Expressions by Seven- and Ten-Month-Old Infants

The ability of 7- and 10-month-old infants to generalize their discrimination of facial expressions lacking featural consistency was investigated in a series of 4 experiments. Infants were habituated to models posing either prototypically positive displays (e.g., happy expressions) or positive expression blends (e.g., mock surprise). They were then tested for their ability to recognize a positive expression on the face of a novel model and to discriminate positive and negative facial expressions. Only in Experiment 1, in which infants were familiarized to a mix of happy and surprised facial expressions, did 10-month-olds demonstrate generalized discrimination of positive affect. When positive blends or happy expressions alone served as familiarization stimuli, both 7- and 10-month-old infants failed to dishabituate to a change in affective tone. 7-month-olds, in particular, showed consistent recovery of looking to the introduction of novel models. The pattern of results suggests that it is not until sometime after 7 months of age that dependence on the presence of expression-specific features for affect recognition and discrimination diminishes. By 10 months of age, however, infants are beginning to recognize the affective similarity of familiar positive facial expressions.     

中国英语专业学生朗读中否定表达突显性纵深研究

文章分析了中国学习者口语语料库（SECCL）朗读任务中否定表达的突显性。通过语音标注、分析软件Praat对14名英语专业大学生四个年级的朗读材料进行标注,参照音高曲拱、音强曲线、时长等声学参数,并利用听辨考查中国英语学习者是否对传递新信息的否定词赋予音高、音强或时长上的突显。研究考查了学习者句法否定表达、语意否定表达、词缀否定表达三种不同类别否定词的突显情况,并分析了四年的发展趋势。结果发现,英语学习者朗读中的否定表达大多被赋予突显,其中词缀否定表达突显比例最高。但综合四年的朗读情况,突显的比例呈明显下降趋势。此研究结果对于英语口语教学有一定的指导意义。     

英汉语表达情感习语的隐喻认知对比

大量的语言材料证明,英汉语中对情感的认知和表达大多以生理现象及日常经验为基础,表现出语言间的共性;而汉英民族思维和文化的差异性又使表达情感的习语呈现出不同。     

Facial patterning and infant emotional expression: happiness, surprise, and fear

Although recent studies have convincingly demonstrated that emotional expressions can be judged reliably from actor-posed facial displays, there exists little evidence that facial expressions in lifelike settings are similar to actor-posed displays, are reliable across situations designed to elicit the same emotion, or provide sufficient information to mediate consistent emotion judgments by raters. The present study therefore investigated these issues as they related to the emotions of happiness, surprise, and fear. 27 infants between 10 and 12 months of age (when emotion masking is not likely to confound results) were tested in 2 situations designed to elicit hapiness (peek-a-boo game and a collapsing toy), 2 to elicit surprise (a toy-switch and a vanishing-object task), and 2 to elicit fear (the visual cliff and the approach of a stranger. Dependent variables included changes in 28 facial response components taken from previous work using actor poses, as well as judgments of the presence of 6 discrete emotions. In addition, instrumental behaviors were used to verify with other than facial expression responses whether the predicted emotion was elicited. In contrast to previous conclusions on the subject, we found that judges were able to make all facial expression judgments reliably, even in the absence of contextual information. Support was also obtained for at least some degree of specificity of facial component response patterns, especially for happiness and surprise. Emotion judgments by raters were found to be a function of the presence of discrete facial components predicted to be linked to those emotions. Finally, almost all situations elicited blends, rather than discrete emotions.     

物体识别的精神物理学实验测试

对于分层图模型中的任一节点,识别信息来源于三个通道:α通道,基于物体的整体特征识别当前节点;β通道,通过孩子节点的组合以自底向上的方式来识别物体;γ通道,借助父节点以自顶向下的方式预测。通过引导受试者的注意力,控制测试数据的尺度大小和显示时间,以及遮挡和裁剪等措施来排除通道之间的相互影响,以便单独测试各通道的信息贡献量。实验结果表明:一般情况下α通道的贡献要更大;当存在遮挡时,主要依靠β通道的贡献;当分辨率很低导致本征信息不足时,γ通道将在物体识别任务中发挥主导作用。这些基于人类视觉系统的测试结果,对于相应的计算机物体识别算法性能的提高具有参考价值和指导意义。