学校体育对学生心理健康发展的影响

文章针对目前青少年学生心理健康存在的问题,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、调查访问法和数理统计法,重点分析了学校体育对青少年学生心理健康发展的促进作用,并提出了在学校体育教育中加强青少年学生心理健康教育的有效途径和方法,为在学校体育教育中加强青少年学生心理健康教育提供一些理论借鉴和参考。     

中职学生心理健康状况的调查报告

为了解当前中职学生的心理健康情况,笔者对山东省日照市的七所中职学校学生的心理健康状况进行了抽样问卷调查,调查发现学生对心理健康的知识了解较少,学生的心理存在健康隐患,其中人际交往和沟通、恋爱问题成最大隐患,需进一步加强指导和帮助,在调查和分析的基础上提出了有针对性的建议。     

Examining the role of school psychologists as providers of mental and behavioral health services

The school setting represents the most common setting by which youth receive mental and behavioral health (MBH) services (Farmer et al., 2003, Psychiatr Serv, 54, 60–66). Nevertheless, many school psychologists are not providing MBH services despite the high prevalence of need. Additional research is needed to understand factors leading to these deficits, as well as potential solutions to ameliorate these concerns. The current study surveyed 341 school psychologists across seven states and found current ratios are one school psychologist for every 1,500–2,000 students. Study results suggest school psychologists are providing a half to full day of universal, prevention-oriented MBH services each week whereas more targeted, direct services (e.g., individual or small group counseling) are offered 1–4 hr each week. The school psychologist-to-student ratios also demonstrated a statistically significant and inverse association with the provision of targeted MBH services, with higher ratios resulting in fewer MBH services. Respondents provided potential solutions for how to expand the delivery of MBH services within schools, including increased awareness and support among school and district administrators, as well as access to training and professional development related to MBH services.     

国外心理健康学校社会工作的研究现状与趋势

国外学校社会工作研究已有百年历史。该研究十分重视对从业人员构成、专业素养、工作内容、工作模式、监控评估等方面的探讨,特别强调以实践性研究为主,注重为心理健康学校社会工作者提供具有操作性的直接指导;呈现出寻求社会支持力量,强调国际合作,不断探索新的工作模式,重视学校社会工作的监控和评估,强调研究的本土化等发展趋势。     

Conditions for mental health in education: Towards relational practice

There are concerns globally about the emotional wellbeing and mental health of young people and in this paper a critical orientation comprises both theoretical and empirical data sources. The case is made that (1) the medical model of mental health – that of problem identification, diagnosis and medical treatment at the level of the individual – is not appropriate for the vast majority of children and young people in schools and (2) relational approaches would be more sensitive in responding to the complexity of the ‘conditions’ in the schools, homes and communities in which young people live. Articulations of these conditions in the literature are explored while we also draw on empirical data from part of an evaluation of a school-based teacher-training programme in which interviewees and respondents mapped out their own conditions for emotional wellbeing and mental health. We conclude with proposals for relational approaches which (1) acknowledge the links between affect, cognition and school climate and culture, (2) foreground mental health and poverty as impacting on young people’s emotional wellbeing in their communities, families and schools and (3) attend to voice – providing spaces in which young people can develop their own ‘preferred narratives’ concerning emotional wellbeing and mental health.     

A qualitative study of perceptions of bullying in Irish primary schools

This small-scale research examined young children’s, aged six to seven (n = 8), perceptions and understanding of bullying in Irish primary schools. It also included the views of the children’s parents (n = 8) and teachers (n = 2) on bullying. The participants’ views were obtained through semi-structured interviews which were analysed using the constant comparative method as per grounded theory approach. The results revealed the complexity of young children’s interactions in school and the difficulty that the adults around them have in accurately defining and addressing bullying behaviour. The data indicate the need for parents and teachers to listen attentively and sensitively to children’s accounts of bullying and to provide consistent advice on how to address bullying.     

心理教育活动课影响初中生心理健康的实验研究

大量现实表明．我国学生的心理健康问题日益严重。为此,我们进行了心理教育活动课的实验教学研究。实验证明心理教育活动课作为一种重要的心理教育方式,对初中生的心理健康有促进作用。     

中等职业学校心理健康教育实施途径研究

以某中等卫校学生为研究对象,通过准实验法比较心理健康知识讲座和个别咨询相结合的心理健康教育模式1以及心理健康知识讲座与班级心理辅导和个别咨询相结合的心理健康教育模式2的效果。实验前后SCL-90评定多重比较结果显示:模式1与对照组相比,只有恐怖因子变化差异具有显著性,而模式2与对照组相比,除躯体化、偏执和精神病性因子外,其他各个因子和总分变化差异均具有显著性。学生自评及班主任和任课教师评价均表明:实验2班学生在自我认识、人际关系、情绪调控能力、挫折承受能力、学习效率等方面均有显著变化。心理健康知识讲座与班级心理辅导相结合是现阶段中等职业学校心理健康教育有效而可行的途径。     

关于中小学心理健康活动课的思考

处于身心发展重要时期的中小学生不可避免会遇到各种心理困惑和问题．在中小学加强心理健康教育显得尤为迫切和重要。对心理健康活动课进行探索思考,及时矫正心理健康活动课中存在的问题,使心理健康教育实现预期目标,已经成为了素质教育的重要环节。     

关于幼儿教师、家长之幼儿心理健康观的访谈研究

对幼儿教师、家长各60名进行半结构式深度访谈的结果显示。幼儿心理健康特征主要体现在性格、个人行为及能力、人际交往与社会适应、情绪、道德品质五个方面,其心理健康观具有模糊性、经验性、主观性等特点,并不同程度表现出重外轻内、重适应轻发展的倾向。幼儿教师的判断相对准确、理性。家长更实用与功利。传统文化与价值观,彼此角色地位、自身经历及认知水平影响他们心理健康观的构建。     

Principals in schools with a positive school culture

This study focuses on the profile of principals who seem to be able to shape the school culture to best encourage teaching and learning. Data from a representative sample of primary schools (N = 46) were collected through questionnaires for principals and for teachers (N = 700) and semi‐structured interviews with the principals. Functioning, well‐being and personal characteristics of the principal, structural and cultural characteristics of school, and organisational context are examined. Compared to their opposites, principals in schools with cultures stimulating professional development, combine (1) type A, achievement‐oriented behaviour, (2) transformational leadership, (3) a preference for tasks related to education matters and people management and (4) effective time management allowing them to devote most of their time to their preferred role and task component.     

School composition,school culture and socioeconomic inequalities in young people's health: Multi‐level analysis of the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) survey in Wales

Health inequalities emerge during childhood and youth, before widening in adulthood. Theorising, testing and interrupting the mechanisms through which inequalities are perpetuated and sustained is vital. Schools are viewed as settings through which inequality in young people's health may be addressed, but few studies examine the social processes via which institutional structures reproduce or mitigate health inequalities. Informed by Markham and Aveyard's theory of human functioning and school organisation, including their concept of institutional boundaries, critical theories of marketisation and the concept of micro‐political practices within schools, this paper presents analysis of student survey data (N = 9055) from 82 secondary schools in Wales. It examines the role of socioeconomic composition, social relationships at school and institutional priorities in mitigating or perpetuating health inequality. It finds that affluent schools were most unequal in terms of student health behaviours and subjective wellbeing. In relation to health behaviours, students from affluent families accrue a disproportionate benefit. For wellbeing, students from poorer families reported lower subjective wellbeing where attending more affluent schools. Student–staff relationships appear to be a key mechanism underpinning these effects: poor relationships with staff were predicted by a pupil's position within schools’ socioeconomic hierarchy and associated with worse health outcomes. That is, students from the poorest families reported better relationships with teachers where attending less affluent schools. Universal approaches engaging with these social processes are needed to reduce health inequalities.     

预防是班主任维护学生心理健康的首要之举

班主任如何维护好学生的心理健康，已成为中小学实施心理健康教育关键所在。我们应将班主任在维护学生心理健康中的角色定位在预防上，从职业资格、职业身份和工作方式三个方面班主任要做好预防工作，同时掌握好预防工作应突出的三方面重点内容。     

中学骨干教师与普通教师心理健康状况的比较研究

采用SCL-90临床症状自评量表对随机抽取的257名中学省级骨干教师和661名中学普通教师进行测试,结果表明:中学骨干教师各因子得分显著低于全国成人常模,中学普通教师各因子得分显著高于全国成人常模;中学骨干教师的心理健康水平显著高于普通教师,其心理问题检出率为7.0%,普通教师为43.1%,且普通教师各因子得分都极显著高于骨干教师;不同年龄段的骨干教师心理健康水平差异不显著,普通教师差异显著,30岁以下的心理健康状况最好,30-40岁年龄段的心理健康问题较多,其主要心理问题是躯体化、抑郁、精神病性等;毕业班与非毕业班的骨干教师心理健康水平差异不显著,而毕业班的普通教师心理健康水平显著低于非毕业班的普通教师,主要体现在躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和偏执7个因子上。提示:中学普通教师、30-40岁年龄段的教师及毕业班的教师的心理健康状况更应引起关注。     

诱导式教学促进高中生身心健康的实验研究

针对高中学生存在身体和心理健康问题,采用实验法对福鼎一中高三年级8个班452人（实验班60人、对照班392人）,从认知、情感、兴趣和评价4个方面进行体育教学诱导式教学改革的实验尝试．实验表明：诱导式教学对高中生身心健康的发展有较大的促进作用．     

论学校心理健康教育的生活性

学校心理健康教育是关于生活智慧的教育,它是从生活出发,在生活中展开并为了生活的教育。     

Factors associated with middle school students' perceptions of the quality of school-based sexual health education

This paper examines factors associated with middle school students' perceptions of the quality of the sexual health education (SHE) they received at school. Participants were 478 predominately White young people (256 girls, 222 boys) in grades 6–8 who completed a survey assessing their demographic characteristics; dating and sexual experience; and perceptions of the content, delivery and quality of the SHE they had received. Boys and students in a lower grade and with less sexual experience rated the quality of their SHE more positively. After accounting for student characteristics, students who more strongly agreed that their SHE matched their interests and covered sexual health topics more adequately, as well as who viewed their teacher as being more comfortable talking about sexual topics and doing a better job answering questions, reported higher quality SHE. Students' perceptions of the adequacy of coverage of 10 sexual health topics were also positively correlated with their reports of higher quality SHE, although only two topics (correct names for genitals and puberty/physical development) contributed uniquely to the prediction of this variable. These results reinforce the need for a comprehensive SHE curriculum as well as adequate preparation of teachers if SHE is to be engaging to students.     

农村留守儿童心理问题研究与对策

为了对留守儿童开展有针对性的心理健康教育,对安徽省全椒县实验小学学生进行心理健康调查。结果表明：留守儿童在孤独倾向、自责倾向、过敏倾向、对人焦虑、学习焦虑、冲动倾向、恐怖倾向和总焦虑倾向上的检出率高于非留守儿童。在总焦虑倾向上,未与父母保持联系的留守儿童的检出率高于与父母联系的留守儿童。在留守儿童中,总焦虑倾向检出率为6.86%。必须高度重视留守儿童的心理健康教育,让家庭、学校和社会共同采取措施让留守儿童健康成长。     

高中教师心理健康、应付方式及其关系研究

为了解高中教师的心理健康现状、应付方式特点及二者的关系,提高高中教师的心理健康水平,笔者使用症状自评量表SCL-90和应付方式问卷,对洛阳市、南阳市五所高中的200名教师进行了调查。结果显示,高中教师的整体心理健康状况较好,他们使用最多的是解决问题的方式;高中女教师更多地使用求助和幻想的方式,老教师更多地使用合理化的方式;相关结果和回归分析显示,心理健康与应付方式存在着高度相关,彼此都有一定的预测作用。