女性设计与女设计师的社会分析

从社会角度、性别的角度,分析女性产品的出现和女性意识在设计中的体现,女设计师的女性主体意识在设计和设计行为中的特征.     

Examining Instructional Design Principles Applied by Experienced Designers in Practice

There has been ongoing debate regarding the efficacy of teaching instructional design models to novice designers given that experienced instructional designers often use principles and adapted models when they engage in the instructional design problem‐solving process. This study utilized the Delphi technique to identify a core set of guiding principles used by designers in their practice. The purpose of this study was (1) to examine and describe the principles that guided instructional designers’ practice and (2) to identify the extent to which participants’ frames of reference included components of the ADDIE instructional design model. Sixty‐one principles were ultimately identified (reached consensus among the Delphi panel members). Thirty‐two of the principles aligned with the primary components of the design process (e.g., analysis, design, development, and evaluation). Additional principles (n = 29) related to other characteristics of design such as communication, project management, and design characteristics.     

Cognitive Activity‐Based Design Methodology for Novice Visual Communication Designers

The notion of design thinking is becoming more concrete nowadays, as design researchers and practitioners study the thinking processes involved in design and employ the concept of design thinking to foster better solutions to complex and ill‐defined problems. The goal of the present research is to develop a cognitive activity‐based design methodology for novice visual communication designers, which will be achieved by mapping the findings from a comparative analysis of novice and expert visual communication designers' thinking processes onto the prospective methodology. Under the proposed methodology, activity modes take place in a chronological flow under specific guidelines involving various forms of design cognition. The guidelines correlate to design phases from problem structuring to detailed design and to the cognitive processes of divergent and convergent thinking. The methodology gives open‐ended instruction to novices endeavouring to proceed with the design process, solve complex design problems and make better design decisions. This research has value for its unique approach to methodology development. Furthermore, the proposed methodology provides guidance for more effective cognitive activities during the design process and holds potential for implementation in design education due to its focus on the needs of novice designers.     

Student Models of Instructional Design

Mental models are one way that humans represent knowledge (Markman, 1999). Instructional design (ID) is a conceptual model for developing instruction and typically includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (i.e., ADDIE model). ID, however, has been viewed differently by practicing teachers and instructional designers (Kennedy, 1994). In a graduate ID course students constructed their own ID models. This study analyzed student models for (a) what ADDIE components were included (by teacher, nonteacher), and (b) model structural characteristics (by teacher, nonteacher). Participants included 178 students in 12 deliveries of a master's level ID course (115 teachers, 63 nonteachers). Our conceptual ID model is presented, and the ID model task is described. Students most frequently represented design, followed by program evaluation, needs assessment, development, and implementation. In terms of structural characteristics, 76 models were characterized as metaphoric, 61 dynamic, and 35 sequential. Three interrelated conclusions and implications for ID learning are offered. Susan G. Magliaro [sumags@vt.edu] is Director of the School of Education and the Center for Teacher Education at Virginia Tech. Neal Shambaugh is Assistant Professor of Instructional Design & Technology in the College of Human Resources & Education at West Virginia University. An erratum to this article is available at .     

论司法鉴定与医疗鉴定之差异

鉴定结论的客观准确性直接影响着法院对证据的可采信度及其医疗纠纷处理的结果.通过研究司法鉴定与医疗鉴定各自的启动程序、鉴定人员的组成情况以及对鉴定组织、鉴定的监督机制、鉴定的内容等诸多问题的分析,可以找出两种鉴定在司法公正方面的差异.     

Resistance Amongst Faculty Women in Academe

The subject of this article is gender prejudice and the various ways in which women faculty members in various higher education and research organizations in Ireland resist it. Different types of resistance are presented as mini case studies set in a continuum ranging from the least organizationally transformative to the most transformative. It is hard to gauge the results of such resistance; at least it generates an ongoing awareness of the situation.     

Expanding the Disciplinary Expertise of a Middle School Mathematics Classroom: Re-Contextualizing Student Models in Conversations With Visiting Specialists

This article examines how conversations during design reviews in which 8th-grade mathematics students shared population models with visiting specialists expanded the disciplinary expertise of the classroom. Re-contextualizing is a conversational exchange that visiting specialists initiated to invite groups to consider their models in novel contexts. Analysis of 14 design reviews in 2 classrooms showed that re-contextualizing resulted in both the elaboration of ideas students already understood and new contributions to students' understandings of mathematical aspects of population modeling. This article presents case studies of 2 groups that differed in terms of their interest in the curricular task and the level of conceptual integrity of their population models. Despite these differences, the re-contextualizing exchanges that emerged in their design reviews led to new insights for both groups and provided them with opportunities to try on ways of thinking and acting like population biologists.     

成熟服装设计师的素质结构研究

设计师是民族的时尚代言人。本文从造型、面料、色彩、个性化设计与品牌理念、市场需求及真诚的设计语言与中西结合的高视觉角度,阐述了成熟设计师的内在魅力所在。     

新生代当红华裔服装设计师

前辈如安娜.苏(Anna Su)、薇薇安.谭(Vivienne Tam)、薇拉.王(Vera Wang)等,新一代市场化的后辈如亚历山大.王(Alexander Wang),季刚.吴(Jason Wu)、菲利普.林(Phillip Lim)、德里克.林(Derek Lam)、彼得.桑(Peter Som)等,这些当红服装设计师以其华裔的身份、务实的风格等被国际时尚主流圈接纳并引领世界潮流。他们在设计上几乎褪去了华裔背景,多致力成为欧美发达国家本土风格的设计师。除了自身的天赋和努力外,强势的媒体、完善的时装体系、成熟的市场等这些都是他们成功的关键或决定因素。     

Teachers as Designers of Learning Environments

Abstract

This study examined how six Singapore teachers approached the design and implementation of a unit of work (topic) to demonstrate exemplary classroom practices that engage learners and use ICT in knowledge-generative rather than presentational activities. After a reflection and feedback session on the first lesson observation involving the researcher and the teacher, the teacher redesigned the lesson to enhance ICT use and involve students more actively in their learning. Our study revealed that there is a difference between students' physical engagement and cognitive engagement in a task and that the teacher, as a designer of the learning environment, needs to make explicit the cognitive processes involved in using the tool to ensure students' effective use of ICT. The teachers' understanding of what constitutes effective learning and their roles in students' learning determine how they design the learning environment. In essence, it is the teacher's skill in managing the “tripartite” partnership of IT tool, learning task, and teacher support that brings about higher levels of student engagement.     

某多层学生公寓的结构设计

某六层学生公寓的结构设计,采用框架结构、后浇带、人工挖孔墩和独立基础等技术,解决了设计中遇到的问题,从而满足了建筑功能的要求,并且该结构体系受力可靠,经济可行。     

学生管理系统的设计与实现

阐述了在当前的信息化时代中,高校设立一个实用的学生管理系统的必要性。分析了大连职业技术学院学生信息管理系统采用面向对象的软件开发技术、三层Client/Server模式实现对学生信息管理的效果。     

体育教学中的心理健康教育

健康体魄是青少年为祖国和人民服务的前提,是中华民族旺盛生命力的体现。学校教育要树立健康第一的指导思想,切实加强体育工作。学校体育应树立健康第一的指导思想,不仅要培养学生健康的体魄,而且要维护他们的心理健康并提高他们的心理素质。     

专长水平对样例学习专长逆转效应的影响

以往研究表明,随着学生专长水平的提高,原本对初学者非常有效的样例学习方式的有效性会降低,产生专长逆转效应,但是结论并不一致。鉴于此,通过准确测量并区分学生的初学和两种专长水平,从更大范围探讨专长水平的变化对样例学习有效性的影响。研究结果表明,在近、远迁移上,样例学习的有效性都出现下降并最终逆转,专长水平的变化的确会影响样例学习的有效性。     

副校长要练好“三套功夫”

副校长是校长的左膀右臂,是学校举足轻重的人物。副校长要以自己高尚的人格魅力、极强的管理能力、出色的工作业绩来赢得上级和同事的认可,就要练好“三套功夫”。     

语境论的专长观

波兰尼曾把知识划分为两种类型,一种是明确知识;另一种意会知识。专长既包含有明确知识,也包含有意会知识。专长的获得是在实践中完成的,是建立在实践经验基础上的一种能力,并且能够不断地内化到人的身体当中。德弗雷斯从现象学的角度把专长理解为是最高层次的技能;柯林斯进一步讨论了普遍存在的专长、素质和专家的专长,并提出了互动型专长的概念。他们都认为,专长的获得是依赖于语境的。     

Preparing Instructional Designers for Game-Based Learning: Part III. Game Design as a Collaborative Process

In this three part series, four professors who teach graduate level courses on the design of instructional video games discuss their perspectives on preparing instructional designers to optimize game-based learning. Part I set the context for the series and one of four panelists discussed what he believes instructional designers should know about instructional game design. In Part II, two faculty members who teach courses on instructional game design presented their perspectives on preparing instructional designers for game-based learning. Part III presents a fourth perspective along with conclusion that contrasts the four views posited in Parts I-III.     

教学设计师的工程素养

教学设计师在我国是一门新兴的职业,目前对教学设计师的内涵、从业范围、素质结构和培养培训等问题的研究均处于初始阶段。经进一步研究发现,教学设计师应具有良好的工程素养;而工程意识、工程知识、工程能力和工程道德等有机地结合于一起则形成教学设计师的工程素养;教学设计师的工程素养要通过在高校及其工作岗位上经过系统的理论学习和工程实践训练方能养成。