QUALITY CONTROL

This study of local British newspaper journalists focuses on three aspects of entrenched newsroom culture—news values and norms, work routines and outputs, and occupational roles—to explore the boundaries that journalists see as distinguishing them from outside contributors. Findings suggest they view user-generated content (UGC) from a traditional professional perspective and weigh its benefits in terms of its contribution to the journalism they produce. While most are open to its inclusion on newspaper websites, particularly as a traffic builder and supplemental source of hyperlocal information, they believe UGC can undermine journalistic norms and values unless carefully monitored—a gatekeeping task they fear cannot fit within newsroom routines threatened by resource constraints of increasing severity.     

Understanding Celebrity Endorsers in Cross-cultural Contexts: A Content Analysis of South Korean and US Newspaper Advertising

Based largely on McCracken's ‘cultural meaning transfer’ model (1989), which stresses the cultural meanings of celebrity endorsers, this study explores the characteristics that differentiate celebrity-endorser strategies in South Korean newspaper ads from those in US newspaper ads. With Hofstede's cultural typology—uncertainty avoidance and power distance—as a theoretical framework, this study finds that ads in South Korea with a high uncertainty avoidance and a high power distance culture present a higher proportion of celebrity endorsers than those in the US with a low uncertainty avoidance and a low power distance culture. However, US ads have a greater proportion of product-related celebrity endorsers in both high- and low-involvement product ads. The study also provides detailed information on foreign celebrity endorsers presented in international product ads.     

Library Policy and Legislation: a European Perspective

Why, in the last 5 years, have at least three European organizations — the Council of Europe, the European Parliament and the European Commission — devoted so many studies, investigations and, finally, policy documents to library policy and legislation? The answer is in the enlarged scope for library and information work and in the new emerging factors that are permeating its policy and planning. These factors are: convergence, globalization and participation.The author examines the four areas in which library and information planners are called to focus their policies — freedom of expression and free access to information, libraries within national information policies, libraries and the knowledge industries, and the protection of library heritage — and how these areas are covered by policy documents, in particular by the recently issued Council of Europe/EBLIDA Guidelines on library legislation and policy in Europe.     

社会信息化之信息资源测度指标构建及发展水平测度研究

我们正处在信息社会的发展历程中,信息化测度成为社会发展的研究热点。而信息资源是社会信息化的基础,文章通过“驱动力——响应——影响——状态表征”这样的逻辑结构,提出了一个包含9项指标的信息资源测度体系。并且用SPSS12.0统计工具对我国31个省市、自治区、直辖市2000-2005年的信息资源指标数据进行了主成分分析,在此基础之上,对测度结果进行了分析。数据表明测度结果基本反映我国信息化建设的现状,提出在未来的发展中更要重视信息资源的开发和利用,以推进地区的协调发展。     

Electronic Scientific Information in Estonia: Cooperation and State Financing of Academic Libraries

The widespread use of information and communication technology, the ease and speed of information delivery, and the increasing availability and limitless diffusion of information have given reason to talk about the integration of the library into the information society. The Internet era has created entirely new possibilities for publishing scientific information and creating access to it. Libraries are essential institutions of the public sector in creating online content as well as in offering information services. While the working equipment has changed in the electronic environment, the content of the work—buying and mediating information—remains the same. Universities need libraries that have long-term experience in systematizing and mediating information. Easy, unconstrained, and widespread accessibility are key issues in achieving a knowledge-based society.     

信息文化建设中图书馆信息集散平台新价值内涵的思考

结合深圳大学图书馆信息文化建设的实际,讨论了信息时代图书馆信息集散平台新的意义和新的价值内涵,新的价值内涵的主要内容是建设高度先进的信息文化。自信自觉自强是高度信息文化的特征;以优质的信息文化吸引人、以优质的信息文化服务人是高度信息文化的体现;创新性的整合、管理能力是高度信息文化发挥作用的支撑;信息共享效益最大化是建设图书馆信息集散平台的目的。参考文献11。     

The role of individual motivations in information source use and knowledge concerning divergent topics

A survey (n=280) was conducted to examine the motivational nature of enduring involvement in terms of its relationship to information source usefulness and knowledge. The results of the study indicate that enduring, or personal, involvement is associated with perceptions of greater information source usefulness and high topic knowledge. High involvement also is linked to the use of a smaller group—or repertoire—of information sources that are topic dependent. These findings suggest that highly involved audiences are active information seekers and help to clarify conflicting findings from the media reliance literature concerning the impact of reliance on knowledge.     

The modern information culture and information warfare

Information warfare is viewed as a social-information phenomenon in today’s world. Particular features of information warfare pursued in World 2.0 are defined. The emphasis is made on the role of a humanitarian tool, the information culture, which allows one to counter information warfare. The personal information culture and information culture of a society are defined. The importance of the development of the information culture in the higher education area is discussed.     

The Information Explosion: Continuing Implications for Reference Services to Adult Learners in Academia

Summary

The reference environment is being transformed by constant changes in computer technologies and communications, as collections and information in general become increasingly accessible electronically. Academic library users now have access to seemingly unlimited information. The explosion of information choices has implications for reference services to all users, particularly adult learners —those students older than the typical undergraduate —who are becoming a large presence on university and college campuses. This paper will explore these implications, stress the need for information literacy, and challenge academic reference librarians to assert themselves in the information arena.     

International Intelligence in Spain: An Approach to Information Resources for Business

The concept of international intelligence has taken on a greater importance for companies seeking to internationalize and access foreign markets. An exhaustive environmental scan—including international competitors, suppliers, clients in target countries, legislation and the political situation in other territories, and others—involves gathering the necessary information, its analysis and subsequent dissemination, and decision making. Within the context of the important role to be played by information management professionals who are specialized in foreign information, this article describes the information resources that Spanish companies have available to them that can assist them as they enter foreign markets.     

Achieving change through mutual development: supported online learning and the evolving roles of health and information professionals

Introduction: Major changes in health care, within an information‐ and technology‐rich age, are impacting significantly on health professionals and upon their education and training. Health information professionals—in both the National Health Service (NHS) and higher education (HE) contexts—are consequently developing their roles, skills and partnerships to meet the needs of flexible education and training. This article explores one facet of this—supported online learning and its impact on role development. Methodology: A case study approach was taken, aiming to explore how academics, health information professionals and learning technologists are developing supported online learning to explicitly address the e‐literacy and information needs of health students within the context of NHS frameworks for education. This was contextualized by a literature review. Results: The case study explores and discusses three dynamics—(i) The use of supported online learning tools by future health‐care professionals throughout their professional training to ensure they have the appropriate e‐literacy skills; (ii) the use of supported online learning by current health professionals to enable them to adapt to the changing environment; (iii) the development of the health information professional, and particularly their role within multi‐disciplinary teams working with learning technologists and health professionals, to enable them to design and deliver supported online learning. Conclusions: The authors argue that, in this specific case study, health information professionals are key to the development of supported online learning. They are working successfully in collaboration and their roles are evolving to encompass learning and teaching activities in a wider context. There are consequently several lessons to be drawn in relation to professional education and role development.     

Depository libraries,the Internet,and the 21st century?

The convergence of Internet technology and federal information policy are encouraging federal information producers and users to adopt a new direct model of information dissemination of federal information from producing agency to end user. On the surface, this trend would appear to remove the traditional middlemen—the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) and depository libraries—from the dissemination model. To assess the impact of the Internet model on the future viability of the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP), the traditional GPO/depository library model of information dissemination is examined in four areas, keeping in mind the underlying intent of the FDLP to assure access to federal information in all congressional districts.     

Graduate theses an index of graduate work in speech,XXIV

A much speculated about, but not fully validated, role of communication in acculturation was tested in this study. The relationships between three sociological variables—occupational status, ethnic network, and family—and acculturation level are explained in a communication framework. The validity of the theoretical framework was tested in the form of a path model. The results generally indicated that significant portions of the effects of the three exogenous variables on an immigrant's acculturation level are mediated by intercultural and ethnic communication activities. Facilitating effect of intercultural communication and damaging effect of ethnic communication were more noticeable in the advanced stage of immigration. The study also tested a procedure for assessing acculturation level based on the cultural distance between an immigrant's original culture and the culture being assimilated. The procedure uses two cultural criterion groups and discriminant analysis.     

论当下民族档案学科研究对象的塑造

作为民族档案学研究的重要对象,民族档案的界定已不足以反映我们当下所遇到的事实与现实,需要采用一种新的视角和叙事框架来对待。民族档案的认定要在"文化生态——民族档案——人——民族文化"的认知系统中进行,由认知对象到建构对象,最终实现现实生活与理论追寻的对话。     

Hegemonic Shorthand: Technology and Metonymy in Modern Policing

Western police forces have always been institutions powered principally by the efficient accumulation of information, from the oral histories that defined the earliest foot patrols, to the communicative velocity of modern mobile data terminals. As these technologies evolve, however, the more the police devolve to become a data mining entity in earnest. This article interrogates the genealogy of a disciplinary nomenclature the author coins hegemonic shorthand—a formulaic meta-language grounded in a culture of standardization and interpolation among the police that flourishes in paranoid times under the pretense of public protection.     

Fluency with information technology

This article contrasts “computer literacy” with a deeper kind of knowledge and understanding called “fluency with information technology.” Computer literacy generally focuses on skills—the ability to use a few computer applications. But skills become obsolete with new technologies, and so skills with specific applications are thus necessary but not sufficient for individuals to adapt to new information technologies in the future. By contrast, fluency with information technology includes a skills component—but also includes an understanding of the foundational concepts of information technology and the ability to use problem-solving intellectual capabilities in an information technology context.     

Understanding adopters of audio information innovations

The use of two phone‐based audio innovations—audiotext audio information services and fax—was assessed in a probability survey of urban respondents. Support was found for the notion that social indicators are less important in the prediction of innovation use than are attitudinal and communication variables. Findings are interpreted in light of diffusion of innovation theory and research on the adoption of new technologies.     

Staffing intelligence services: a survivor's guide

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(4) Royal Scientific Society Course in Librarianship

The author supports the opinion that full benefit may be derived from the technological potential on condition that serious attention is given to the social, political and ethical aspects, which are often barriers to the free and multi-directional access to information, especially in developing countries. Causes of these barriers — “disarticulations” within a society — are listed and their importance in developing countries emphasized. Possible different communication structures in a society and their effects are examined. The author concludes that the traditional, principle of free flow of information is not sufficient in the advancing information society; there is a need for a, principle which deals more specifically with the “activation”, “mediation”, and “networking” of the needs and opinions at the different levels of society.     

Technology & U.S. government information policies: Catalysts for new partnerships

Technology, moving faster than policy development, has left U.S. government information programs resting on uncertain foundations. This article, an abridgement of a report by the ARL Task Force on Government Information in Electronic Format, is the result of an effort to develop a framework for understanding—philosophically, functionally, and fiscally — the patterns that exist for government information today, and the shifts in those patterns resulting from the introduction of government information in electronic formats. Four questions are identified that should be considered by government agencies and libraries as decisions are made about how to provide the public with government informtion in electronic format. The report points to be need for a clearer picture of how government responsiblities for public availability of government information in eictronic formats might be fulfilled in partnership with the private sector without the loss of the characteristics that make this information distinctive: the absence of restrictions on use, including for basic government information, absence of a fee.