建议“有关部门”改称“责任部门”

“有关部门”了好多好多年了。告状的,建议去找有关部门;出事了,建议有关部门赶快解决问题;甚至马桶堵了水管漏了,您去找有关部门吧。连那写文章的人,明明妙笔生花切中时弊,临了也末忘来一句“希望这个现象引起有关部门的注意”——一来那口气跟有关领导似的,二来好像离了有关部门就不会说话了。这叫什么事儿？     

试论《合同法》中附随义务的涵义

文章首先阐述了合同法中有关附随义务的规定,然后论述了合同法中有关附随义务的涵义,并指出合同法中有关附随义务的范围。     

《史记·魏公子列传》的取材及撰写

通过将《史记·魏公子列传》与《魏策四·信陵君杀晋鄙》、《荀子·臣道》有关材料进行对照后可知:以"窃符救赵"为中心的有关故事当出于有关文字记载。司马迁到大梁的实地考察,既让他了解了一些重要的有关信息,也深化并激活了其对有关文字材料的理解,从而影响了本传的立意和构思。     

高校师资队伍结构预测与决策支持系统应用结果分析

本文通过高校师资队伍结构预测与决策支持系统的应用,对有关教师队伍建设和管理中的一些实际问题以及有关的政策进行了分析和研究,提出了调整优化的方案、对策和有关的政策性建议。     

洗衣机维修记

我非常喜欢有关电的东西,凡是与电有关的物体我都会仔细观察并思考它的物理结构,加上我阅读了许多与电有关的读物,因此掌握了比较丰富的物理知识,尤其是与电有关的物理知识。     

雪地上的童年

雪承载了我们那一代人太多的思想和记忆。谁没有与雪有关的童话？谁没有与雪有关的故事？谁没有与雪有关的记忆？雪赋予了我们太多的话题,赋予了我们太多的向往。     

隔代教育研究综述

隔代教育与亲子教育已成为当代家庭教育的重要形式,但对比亲子教育的研究,有关隔代教育的研究比较少,且大多停留在理论阶段。本文从隔代教育问题的提出,论述了当代有关隔代教育的定义,以及当代有关隔代教育的主要研究结果,并对有关该问题的研究提出了建议。     

中考物理复习中应注意的问题

本文讲述中考复习的有关问题,重点谈了初中力学复习的有关问题。     

隔代教育研究综述

隔代教育与亲子教育已成为当代家庭教育的重要形式,但对比亲子教育的研究,有关隔代教育的研究比较少,且大多停留在理论阶段.本文从隔代教育问题的提出,论述了当代有关隔代教育的定义,以及当代有关隔代教育的主要研究结果,并对有关该问题的研究提出了建议.     

近五年来对外汉语词汇教学研究综述

本文对近五年来对外汉语词汇教学的有关研究进行了综述,内容涉及有关对外汉语词汇具体教学方法的研究、对外汉语词汇教学具体方法以外的有关研究和有关对外汉语词汇教学的总结性研究,目的是探讨当前存在的问题以及今后进一步研究的方向。     

Amyl alcohol的由来与释义

分析了amylalcohol的辞源,指出了amylalcohol并不等同于pentylalcohol,因为amylalcohol是一种醇类混合物,而不是一种纯净物．将amylalcohol认为是pentylalcohol的同义词,其实这完全是一种误解;并给出了纠正误解,正确表示的方法．     

聚乙烯醇对菘蓝组培苗玻璃化现象发生的影响

以菘蓝为材料,研究了在培养基中添加不同浓度聚乙烯醇对菘蓝组培苗玻璃化现象的发生影响。结果表明,随聚乙烯醇浓度的升高,组培苗玻璃化率降低,但浓度过高会抑制组培苗的生长,对叶片的分化抑制作用也较大。此外试验还发现适宜浓度的聚乙烯醇(1.5g/L)可起到促进组培苗生根的效果。     

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Behavioral Teratology

The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome represents a pattern of physical malformations observed in offspring of women who consume alcohol during pregnancy. Besides physical defects associated with in uteroexposure to alcohol, serious cognitive deficiencies, mental retardation in particular, are now recognized as the most serious consequence of alcohol consumption during prenatal development. The purpose of the present review is to examine the literature that bears upon the behaviorally teratogenic aspects of alcohol; specifically, research focusing on the following issues is synthesized: a) prevalence of alcohol abuse among women, b) acute and chronic effects of alcohol on the fetus, c) genetic susceptibility, d) neuropathology, e) correlative conditions, and f) animal studies. Implications for the field of special education are considered throughout the review.     

发泡聚乙烯醇（PVOH）吸液性能研究

在恒温恒湿条件下对发泡聚乙烯醇（PVOH）试样吸收水、酒精的特性进行了测试分析．结果表明：发泡PVOH试样在承受一定压力的情况下吸水性能略有降低;试样被压缩至8000N后平衡吸水量明显升高;试样自然吸收酒精量约为自然吸水量的5．2倍;吸收酒精后,试样尺寸约增加了20％;压缩至8000N后,再做吸酒精试验,其平衡吸酒精量基本不变,且达到吸收平衡的时间缩短．     

聚合物多元醇改善普通聚氨酯软泡压陷的性能研究

为了改善普通聚氨酯软泡的压陷性能，采用添加聚合物多元醇，并对照其添加前后的物性。研究结果表明：聚合物多元醇能有效地提高聚氨酯软泡的压陷性能。     

纳米微晶纤维素增强糠醇树脂的研究

通过化学接枝的方法对糠醇树脂进行了NCC增强改性。结果表明,NCC增强糠醇树脂呈现出“镶嵌”式的球形突起构造;红外光谱图显示NCC成功接枝到了糠醇树脂上;热力学测试表明NCC的改性对糠醇树脂的低温热力学性能几乎没有影响;强度测试表明采用4％～5％的NCC添加浓度有助于提高树脂强度。     

基于PLC的酒精加工系统的仿真研究

提出一种基于三菱FX2N系列可编程控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,PLC)的酒精加工系统的方法,即将PLC应用于酒精加工工业设备,使得加工过程实现了自动化控制,并且提升了加工设备工作的稳定性,为加工机械顺利、有序、准确的工作创造了有力的保障。本文主要研究利用PLC实现对工业酒精和苯的混合系统提取无水酒精的控制。仿真结果表明,这种基于PLC的酒精加工系统稳定、安全、经济,取得了良好的应用效果和经济效益。     

Childhood victimization and alcohol symptoms in females: causal inferences and hypothesized mediators

OBJECTIVE: Previous research has reported a relationship between childhood victimization experiences and alcohol problems in females. This paper has two distinct goals: (1) to determine whether it is appropriate to make a causal inference regarding the association between early child abuse and neglect and alcohol symptoms in females; and (2) to examine five potential mechanisms (depression, worthlessness, social isolation/loneliness, low self esteem, and using alcohol and/or drugs to cope) that may mediate the relationship between child abuse and neglect and alcohol symptomatology. METHOD: Substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect from 1967 to 1971 were matched on sex, age, race, and approximate social class with nonabused and non-neglected children and followed prospectively into young adulthood. Subjects were administered a 2-h in-person interview, including the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS-III-R) to assess alcohol use and abuse. Analyses are restricted to females in the sample (N = 582). RESULTS: Structural equation modeling provides support for the inference that childhood victimization plays a causal role in the development of alcohol symptoms in women. There also is support for the hypothesized mediating role of two mechanisms (depression and using alcohol/drugs to cope), but not for the other mediators. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from this prospective study suggests that childhood victimization may be one of the causal factors in the development of alcohol problems in females. Interventions should bedirected at abused and neglected females of all ages to help them to deal with depression and to develop coping strategies to prevent the development of serious alcohol problems.     

Childhood maltreatment,cognitive emotion regulation strategies,and alcohol craving and dependence in alcohol-dependent males: Direct and indirect pathways

ObjectivesChildhood maltreatment (CM) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERSs) may be important in alcohol craving and dependence in alcohol-dependent individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate direct effects of CM on the subscales of alcohol craving and alcohol dependence and its indirect effects via CERSs in individuals with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence.MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, 329 alcohol-dependent males completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short version (CERQ-Short), the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).ResultsParticipants with alcohol dependence had early age of onset of alcohol use (mean = 20.78 years), relatively long duration of alcohol use (mean = 11.14 years), and low education (mean = 9.55 years). Indirect effects were observed from CM to the subscales of alcohol craving and dependence only through maladaptive CERSs after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. No direct effect was observed through CM on the subscales of alcohol craving and dependence.ConclusionsAlthough drawing causal conclusions from the current research is impossible, the findings suggest that maladaptive CERSs may be a possible mechanism relating CM to alcohol craving and dependence in treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals, while adaptive CERSs may be less important regarding this relation. However, the findings of the current study need longitudinal research.     

醉:诗意的自远与本能的迷醉--中西酒文化精神之比较

中国的酒文化精神是和诗紧密联系在一起的,中国文人之醉呈现出诗意自远的心灵状态.西方的酒神精神是本能的迷醉,欲望的狂欢.在醉这一点上,中国文人诗酒之醉是陶醉、是与梦相似、是一种精神生命的活力状态.而西方的酒神精神是植根于生命本能的,具有本能性、破坏性、超越性、强力感等特征,是生命本能的狂欢.