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《Government Information Quarterly》2018,35(2):184-194
As governments work to prevent, mitigate, or solve problems of global concern, they increasingly need to exchange knowledge and information among the expert organizations responsible for policies and programs that address them. We call these working arrangements transnational public sector knowledge networks (TPSKNs). The actors in these networks exist within their own informational, organizational, and national contexts and they need to find ways to interact effectively with counterparts who are embedded in different contexts. In this research, we show how understanding these differences, or contextual distances, can help assess, design, and manage TPSKNs. The paper compares two such networks, in environmental quality and public health, across nine contextual distances. All distances were present in both cases despite differences in focus, participants, and time frame. A variety of strategies and tools served to narrow, bridge, or capitalize on these distances thus helping the networks achieve desirable results. 相似文献
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国外图书馆对弱势群体知识援助的历史与现状 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
公共图书馆对弱势群体的知识援助贯穿了整个公共图书馆发展历史,从最初为弱势群体打开知识大门到关注他们的知识平等获取,再到帮助弱势群体增长知识素养,可以说知识援助的广度和深度都在不断拓展。关注知识贫困、弥合知识鸿沟,将是当代图书馆发展面临的迫切任务。 相似文献
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Melanie Ramdarshan Bold 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2012,28(4):345-358
Digital publishing has been considered as a panacea to bridge the gaps between different sized publishing companies: allowing small, independent companies to compete on an equal footing with cross-media conglomerates. However, this research discovered that Scottish publishers are not capitalising on new technology and new platforms for dissemination: this is detrimental to the authors they represent. The empirical research found that the majority of Scottish publishers are not fostering intellectual property rights (IPR) effectively across international markets and new media: The failure to do this means that the operational practices of the Scottish publishing industry are not in harmony with the burgeoning digital publishing environment. If Scottish publishers continue with current practices it will become increasingly difficult for them to compete in the national and international publishing environment. This study concludes that only by better training and knowledge exchange, in matters of rights exploitation and digital publishing, can Scottish publishers compete in the international arena and contribute to, and benefit financially from, the knowledge economy. 相似文献
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图书馆是一个传承知识的社会机构,为读者提供知识阅读和向读者传递知识是图书馆必须承担的职责。随着数字技术和网络技术的发展,图书馆传统的阅览和外借两种服务方式受到冲击。开设立体阅读和文脉阅读是图书馆在数网时代提供知识阅读服务的选择;协助读者建立个性化数字图书馆并搭建其与图书馆之间的链路,是图书馆强化知识传递的出路。 相似文献
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Effective teachers place learners’ needs at the center of their efforts and find ways to bridge gaps between learning objectives and students’ prior knowledge and interests. Proven techniques to maximize student learning include encouraging questioning, provoking thought, connecting with students’ interests, expecting engagement, and communicating trust that students can succeed. Findings are presented from research on one-on-one instruction, making clear explanations, and giving effective feedback. The column concludes with guidelines for self-assessing librarians’ teaching effectiveness. 相似文献
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Christopher Ali 《The Communication Review》2013,16(4):249-270
ABSTRACTDrawing on Buckingham’s observation that academic research either has to become public knowledge or its originators must have a high visibility in the public realm before their research can find inclusion into policymaking processes, this article offers a variety of examples of how academics have managed to bridge the gap between media and communication policy scholarship and policymaking. Contrary to the long-standing belief that policy impact is extremely difficult and rare to achieve, we argue that junior scholars have many opportunities to have their work become part of the policymaking process through new forms of conversation, collaboration, coalition-building, changing perceptions of public knowledge, and a more conceptual understanding of impact. 相似文献
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知识自由是人类智慧生成的源泉与保障。图书馆实现知识自由的根本价值取向和终极目的是"转知成慧"。公共智慧服务是图书馆实现知识自由的根本选择和高级路径。图书馆作为用户知识需求的嵌入者、客观知识的关联者、用户知识过程的协同者和服务方式上的启发者这一核心定位决定了图书馆必须尽快实现从知识服务向智慧服务的转变,切实帮助用户搭建起求索知识并通往智慧的"天梯"。 相似文献
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Challenge of rural people to reduce digital divide in the globalized world: Theory and practice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the future, knowledge will manage the world since knowledge gives a power to people/states to direct governmental and non-governmental organisations. Therefore, as starting in the last quarter of 20th century, leaders, bureaucrats, policy makers, education experts, scientists, local managers and people who are in the conscious of this reality have tried to draw the vision of their countries and reduce digital divide. Design of web pages and Internet access can be a bridge between rural and urban people in terms of marketing of agricultural inputs and outputs, supplying extension services for farmers, development of human resources, advertisement of natural, historical and cultural values, etc. 相似文献
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从传递交流信息、选择挖掘作者、文稿选题、科研设计、文稿处理、发表后的后续工作等方面论述发掘作者潜力的方式、方法与途径.认为编辑可以而且应该去发掘作者的潜力,这对科技期刊本身、作者、社会都有益处. 相似文献
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Iwok Nnah Shabi 《Public Library Quarterly》2013,32(3):246-255
The HIV/AIDS epidemic is one of the major setbacks to the achievement of the 2015 millennium development targets in Africa, generally, and Nigeria, in particular, where it is the leading cause of death. In terms of age and gender distribution, the most severely affected are sexually active females in their most economically reproductive years. A greater percentage of the Nigerian population lives in rural areas where there is low access to health information. This study assesses the knowledge level and attitudes of women in a farming community to HIV/AIDS, and suggests intervention strategies by the public libraries to bridge the knowledge gap on HIV/AIDS. This article suggests that public libraries as custodians of knowledge should play a significant role in transmitting information about how to prevent and control HIV/AIDS. 相似文献
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Geri Augusto 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(4):211-218
In contemporary African societies where multiple systems of knowledge coexist, and the use of informatics is becoming increasingly widespread, conventional perspectives drawn from cultural anthropology, environmentalism, development studies and intellectual property rights are insufficient guides to thinking about the digitization of indigenous knowledge. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, three moments in South African knowledge dynamics are used to probe some of the ontological, epistemological, and performative implications of science/IKS interaction in the design and construction of archives and databases of local plants. Twenty-first century databases of indigenous African medico-botanical knowledge need to assure that it is recontextualized historically and socially; that its multiplicity, visuality, and orality are retained; and that “articulation work” is done to make sure that design choices and use are cognitively just. 相似文献
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《Knowledge Acquisition》1991,3(2):175-214
Humans are well-known for being adept at using their intuition and expertise in many situations. However, in some settings even human experts are susceptible to errors in judgement, and a failure to recognize the limits of knowledge. This happens often especially in semi-structured situtations, where multi-disciplinary expertise is required, or when uncertainty is a factor. At these times our natural ability to recognize and correct errors fails us, since we have faith in our reasoning. One way to deal with such problems is to have a computerized “critic” to assist in the process. This article introduces the concept of automated critics that collaborate with human experts to help improve their problem solving performance. A critic is a narrowly focused program that uses a knowledge base to help it recognize (1) what types of human error have occurred, and (2) what kinds of criticism strategies could help the user prevent or eliminate those errors. In discussing the “errors” half of this knowledge base, there is a difference between the expert's knowledge and his or her judgement. The focus in this article is more on judgement than on knowledge but both are addressed.To build automated critics it is important to understand the use and behavior of human critics. For this reason critic theory, principles and rules for design are described in this article. These are presented by showing various types of criticism encountered across a variety of generic tasks, such as medical diagnosis, coaching forecasting and authoring among many others. Thus a model of expert cognition and rules for identifying cognitive biases are presented. This rule base exploits four decades of literature on the psychology of judgement and decisionmaking as a generative theory of “bugs” in expert intuition and as a deep knowledge from which rules about buggy behavior are drawn. For the commonly recurring expert errors, specific preventive and corrective strategies are also reviewed and considerations for criticism presentation and deployment are explained. Particular attention is given to rules about when and how criticism should be offered. By consulting and attempting to operationalize the judgement and decisionmaking literature within the critiquing approach, this establishes criticism-based problem solving as a novel way to bridge the gap between the traditional domain knowledge-rich approaches of AI and the domain-independent, theory-rich approaches of decision analysis. Attention is also devoted to the obstacles to, and opportunities for, further bridging this gap. 相似文献
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论知识链接的建立规则 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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In contemporary African societies where multiple systems of knowledge coexist, and the use of informatics is becoming increasingly widespread, conventional perspectives drawn from cultural anthropology, environmentalism, development studies and intellectual property rights are insufficient guides to thinking about the digitization of indigenous knowledge. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, three moments in South African knowledge dynamics are used to probe some of the ontological, epistemological, and performative implications of science/IKS interaction in the design and construction of archives and databases of local plants. Twenty-first century databases of indigenous African medico-botanical knowledge need to assure that it is recontextualized historically and socially; that its multiplicity, visuality, and orality are retained; and that “articulation work” is done to make sure that design choices and use are cognitively just. 相似文献
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Maria Lorena Lehman 《Public Library Quarterly》2013,32(4):408-419
To help guide the public library into the future, architectural design stands as a linchpin that bridges between vast amounts of proliferating information, the librarians who make sense of that information, and the library goers who engage and activate with that information. Future-proofing the public library calls for its evolution, where library buildings grow into new roles that serve as sensorial “idea gardens,” where the presence of virtual and augmented mediums complement the physical book, instead of displacing or replacing its many benefits. To create this type of bridge, it is the architectural design of the public library that can lead the way. 相似文献