Motion of a tiny tool thrown by an astronaut towards another astronaut inside a spinning space vehicle in a state of free fall revisited

A space vehicle rotating with a uniform angular velocity about a vertical axis fixed to it is falling freely vertically downwards, say, with its engine shut off. It carries two astronauts inside it. One astronaut throws a tiny tool towards the other astronaut. The motion of the tiny tool with reference to a rotating frame rigidly fixed to the space vehicle, i.e., relative to the astronauts, is considered. Second-order differential equations of its motion instead of fourth order [1] are obtained and are completely solved with exposure of a subtle method of solution, from pedagogic viewpoint utilizing the relevant initial conditions of its projection. Under certain conditions of projection of the tiny tool, it is established that it begins to float in the space inside the vehicle after describing an analytical maximum distance. The position and velocity of the tiny tool at any instant of time with reference to an inertial frame defined by the non-rotating frame initially coincident with the rotating frame at the time of projection of the tiny tool, are also found out. Finally two numerical examples are given.     

“自由落体运动”教学需要探究影响物体下落的因素吗?

自由落体运动是匀变速直线运动的一个重要实例,通过自由落体运动规律的研究,可以加深学生对匀变速直线运动规律的理解和掌握。但是在教学中许多教师以实验探究影响物体下落的因素作为本节课的导入,由于实验本身缺陷、与重难点相脱节以及耗时过多等原因,造成学生不能准确清晰地构建起自由落体运动模型,无法达到探究教学的目的。深刻剖析上述问题及原因,从物理学史和物理实验两个方面给出了合理的导入方式,使学生通过科学探究自主构建起自由落体运动模型,希望对实际物理教学具有一定的启发意义。     

Interactive group activity: a socially mediated tool for opening an interpretive space in classroom research

An ongoing challenge in classroom research is to understand children’s perspectives on their learning. While learning is highly individual, it is also significantly social and this raises methodological challenges. An Interactive Group Activity (IGA) is one of several data collection strategies used during the action research phase of the Connecting Curriculum, Connecting Learning project (2010–2011) focusing on arts-based curriculum integration. This article concentrates on the IGA tool as a means of uncovering children’s meaning making following an extended period of learning. Of particular note is the use of an arts pedagogical device to introduce the IGA to children, a device that frames the purpose of the task. In effect, the IGA acts as a group assessment device underlining the socially mediated nature of children’s learning. This article describes how the IGA tool evolved, gives its form and structure, argues for its affordances and suggests possibilities for its wider use.     

Charging for free education: an exploration of a debate in school governing bodies

Working-class relationships to education have always been deeply problematic and emotionally charged, inscribing academic failure rather than success. In this paper I briefly explore both the history of those relationships and representations of the working classes within dominant discourses, before moving on to outline some of the consequences of contemporary educational policy for working-class subjectivities. I do this by drawing on data from three research projects: one on higher education choice; one on transitions to secondary schooling; and a third on assessment in primary schools. However, working-class relationships to education cannot be understood in isolation from middle-class subjectivities so I also try to begin to map out some of the unconscious aspects of class that implicate both middle- and working-class subjectivities.     

Acknowledging ambivalence in a multicultural neighbourhood: in search of an educational space in narrative practices

In this article, we focus on narrative practices in adult education in Flanders (the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium), and reflect on a current project in a multicultural neighbourhood that is socially and economically marked by poverty and where turbulence and conflict are rife amongst local inhabitants. While adult education aims to energize the process of learning to live together in this urban context by making sense of individual narratives of local inhabitants, there is a lack of insight into the actual dynamics that are stimulated. We explore how narrative practices can open up and shape an educational space in which citizens can express their ambivalence about living together in diversity and plurality. Inspired by Paulo Freire, we argue that these narrative practices can create possibilities for the reinvention and re-imagination of a democratic society.     

The impact of a computerized career information system on a community college in an island state

Equal access to, and delivery of career guidance information to higher education students in Hawaii presents a special geographical problem, since intra-state travel between the various islands which comprise the state can only be accomplished by means of expensive air transportation. Therefore, the recent establishment of a state-wide computer-assisted career information system has been of significant assistance to college students desiring information and data relative to the world of work and occupational choices. This paper presents a report on the development, evaluation, and impact of such a system at a community college in the Hawaiian Islands.     

Control of responding by a conditioned reinforcer in the presence of free food

It has been reported that animals will “work” in preference to “freeloading.” However, the variables responsible for this phenomenon are not well understood. Two pigeons were trained to keypeck for food on a fixed-ratio 300 schedule. Next, the food hopper was propped up to permit continuous access to food, and the presence or absence of the hopper light was manipulated. When the hopper light was presented contingent upon the fixed-ratio schedule, keypecking occurred; when it was not presented, keypecking ceased. Thus, responding in the presence of free food was shown to be a function of the conditioned reinforcing properties of the hopper light.     

Encouraging ecological behaviors among students by using the ecological footprint as an educational tool: a quasi-experimental design in a public high school in the city of Haifa

The aim of the current study is to explore whether the ecological footprint is an appropriate tool for encouraging ecological behaviors in students. In the quasi-experimental research that we conducted, four classes from one of the public high schools in the city of Haifa (N?=?130) participated in an environmental education (EE) program (intervention program) based on the theoretical and practical aspects of the ecological footprint and the action competence approach in EE. Two classes (N?=?70) constituted a control group. Ecological worldview (EW), perceived behavioral control (PBC), behavioral intentions (BI), personal norms (PN), pro-environmental behavior (PEB), and self-reported behaviors were measured by means of questionnaires completed by the students in their classes before and after the intervention program. The results show statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control groups in the variables PBC, PN, and BI. However, no statistically significant differences were revealed in EW and PEB. The results indicate that incorporating the ecological footprint as an educational tool in high school might yield some predictors of PEB.     

以拓展的语言工具论指导高职英语课程教学

语言工具论是传统的语言观,学术界对它普遍持批判的态度。然而,语言工具论实际上只是对语言工具职能的表述,并不是对语言的定义,不应受到压倒性指责。同时,语言工具论的表述确实存在缺陷,致使／~-4~1对其理解的片面和肤浅,造成对英语教学的负面影响。因此,有必要对语言工具论进行拓展,使它的表述更为完善,从而让人们对语言形成恰当的认知以便指导语言教学。高职英语教学侧重的是让学生掌握语言作为交际工具的职能,在开展高职英语课程教学时可以用拓展的语言工具论作为指导,对高职英语课程进行适当的设置．选择合适的英语课文材料．实现预设的教学目的。     

Developing an audiovisual notebook as a self‐learning tool in histology: Perceptions of teachers and students

Videos can be used as didactic tools for self‐learning under several circumstances, including those cases in which students are responsible for the development of this resource as an audiovisual notebook. We compared students' and teachers' perceptions regarding the main features that an audiovisual notebook should include. Four questionnaires with items about information, images, text and music, and filmmaking were used to investigate students' (n = 115) and teachers' perceptions (n = 28) regarding the development of a video focused on a histological technique. The results show that both students and teachers significantly prioritize informative components, images and filmmaking more than text and music. The scores were significantly higher for teachers than for students for all four components analyzed. The highest scores were given to items related to practical and medically oriented elements, and the lowest values were given to theoretical and complementary elements. For most items, there were no differences between genders. A strong positive correlation was found between the scores given to each item by teachers and students. These results show that both students' and teachers' perceptions tend to coincide for most items, and suggest that audiovisual notebooks developed by students would emphasize the same items as those perceived by teachers to be the most relevant. Further, these findings suggest that the use of video as an audiovisual learning notebook would not only preserve the curricular objectives but would also offer the advantages of self‐learning processes. Anat Sci Educ 7: 209–218. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

Risk management by a neoliberal state: construction of new knowledge through lifelong learning in Japan

This article examines the current developments in Japan's lifelong learning policy and practices. I argue that promoting lifelong learning is an action that manages the risks of governance for the neoliberal state. Implementing a new lifelong learning policy involves the employment of a political technique toward integrating the currently divided and polarized Japanese population – popularly called kakusa – into the newly imagined collective, namely, atarashii kōkyō or the New Public Commons. Examining the macro policy discourse on Japan's educational policy, this article demonstrates Japan's inflections of neoliberal governmentality with the new distribution of responsibility between the state and the individuals through the construction of new knowledge supporting the New Public Commons. In fact, new knowledge is the epicenter of the national educational policy discourse aiming at generating social solidarity in local communities.     

Affairs of state and student retention: an exploratory study of the factors that impact student retention in a politically turbulent region

This study examines the impact of a country’s security unrest on student retention. It draws on the key factors that influence retention worldwide, adopts Bourdieu’s notion of cultural capital and also brings in concepts related to terrorism and security unrest traditionally absent from theories on student retention. Based on a case study carried out in Israel on 50 full‐time undergraduate students, this study suggests that the difficulties created by a country’s political environment alone do not play a significant role in student retention. However, when coupled with the salient features that negatively impact retention worldwide, difficulties created by a country’s security situation may increase tendencies to leave or consider leaving higher education.     

The dialogic space offered by curriculum-making in the process of learning to teach,and the creation of a progressive knowledge-led curriculum

There is widespread system response to the perceived needs of education for twenty-first century, where learning-to-learn is privileged and schools are organised to prepare young people for work. One casualty of such skills-led teaching is deep thinking about curriculum questions and the knowledge contents of teaching in relation to the needs, motivations and experiential knowledge of students. In this paper we argue for greater conceptual clarity between curriculum and pedagogy, and between the worlds of children’s experience and disciplinary knowledge, in order to deepen teachers’ understanding of the practice of teaching. The paper shows how using the conceptual tools of curriculum making is key to becoming, and developing as a teacher. This paper supports subject specialism in teaching in a manner that respects the social and cultural capital of young people and their role in knowledge creation together with the emancipatory significance of gaining epistemic access to disciplinary knowledge.     

Dangerous activities within an invisible playground: a study of emergent male football play and teachers’ perspectives of outdoor free play in the early years of primary school

This research was carried out during a study which focused upon the rough and tumble play of children in the early years department of a suburban primary school in northern England. The child sample’s playtime activities were ethnographically observed over a period of 18 calendar months, during which time interviews were also carried out with the children’s class teachers and several other adults taking part in the children’s daily school routines. It was found that the narratives created by a cohort of four‐and‐a‐half‐ to six‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old boys around their football (soccer) play were socially and symbolically complex, providing evidence that such play is a highly valuable developmental activity. However, the interview data indicated that owing principally to very low adult:child ratios in playground supervision, the focus of the adults was strongly directed towards negative aspects of outdoor free play.     

寻找自我的历程——论托尼·莫里森《宠儿》中人物的主体性

《宠儿》揭示的一个重要主题：虽然主客体转变的过程荆棘丛生。然而经过一代又一代人的努力，美国黑人民族终将从奴隶制的阴影下走出，面对现在和未来。     

The Idea of an International University Reshaped by Students: An Ethnographic Study in a Chinese University

This paper presents how students reshaped the idea of an international university offered to them. The findings derive from participant observation ethnographic fieldwork carried out at Fudan University in China. The analysis proves that the idea of an “international university” offered to Fudan University students was double-edged in the sense that it both cultivated and screened international talent. Students reshaped their university by manipulating or “twisting” the screening process when applying for short-term study abroad programs, on the one hand, and creating cultivating “devices” within the university, namely student-initiated associations on the other hand. The findings of this paper add a new aspect to the idea of the “international university” from students’ perspective and turn the spotlight on students as active builders of their university.     

数列解题中的"因设致误"举隅

在数学解题中,为了沟通已知条件与待求结论之间的联系,往往需要根据题意作出某种假设,借助于假设的参与,形成新的构思,达到打开解题思路,使问题得以迅速获解的目的,然而,许多情况下,由于假设不当,会影响思维的正确性,导致解题产生错     

让世界真切感知中国传统韵文的格调——仿诗式译法之探索

随着中国的复兴,绚丽多姿的中国文化也在复兴。我们应主动用外国语和世界语向世界传播中国文化,以文化的自信积极参与国际文化对话。中国传统韵文的存量几近世界各国同类作品的总和,应大力挖掘利用。笔者在几十年从事中外文诗歌创作与翻译的体验中,提炼出针对汉语韵文作品的仿诗式译法,以期尽量有效传达其中的语言和文化特色,让世界真切感知中国传统韵文的格调。该法无意于只顺应目标语的韵式,更不取随意押韵或韵脚若有若无的失律处置,而明确主张严格用韵坚持复制各类诗词的一切韵式;又以可量化的方法把各种长短诗句按音节比例(如1∶2、1∶1.5、1∶1,一篇只选定一种)转译为相应的长短诗行。但同时译文诗行的节律也必须尽量严格遵用目标语的各种正规诗步(音节数转换和诗步及其类型之协调备有细致的应对措施)。这是一套追求汉外合璧理想境界的创新译法。笔者以《千字文》《三字经》、经典诗词曲、毛泽东诗词等译文为例,与读者分享并交流仿诗式译法探索之体验。     

About time: a metacognitive view of time and workload created by technological advancements in an ODL environment

Management of time and workload is influenced by the quality of awareness of impacting factors. Faculty has to attend to many responsibilities, with technology in teaching a recent but game-changing impacting factor. This article is a case study which explores the metacognitive awareness of the impact of technology on teaching, learning and research by a senior professor at a distance education institution. Current research often focuses on institutional policy, with less attention being paid to how staff consciously reflect on it. Although policy creates necessary frameworks, a healthy and comprehensive awareness of relevant issues is required for making informed decisions about time and workload. Many academics are so accustomed to being overworked that they seem to become unaware of the rising heat, much like the proverbial “frog in a pot of slowly heated water.” What is suggested is that faculty should be skilled in metacognitive awareness strategies, in order to better manage their time and workload.