《盐铁论》提前《汉语大词典》迟后书证七例

大型历史语言辞书编纂在引用书证时必须考虑某词语或其中一个义项的最早书证,以便能从源头去探求词义演变过程。《汉语大词典》是我国迄今为止收词量最大、权威性最强的历史性汉语语文词典,它以"古今兼收,源流并重"为编撰方针,"着重从语词的历史演变过程中加以全面阐述",但在引用书证尤其是首见书证时有不足之处,即出现很多书证迟后问题。今就研究西汉《盐铁论》过程中发现的更早书证七例商讨如下,以期供辞书修订作参考。     

《汉语大词典》书证订误

《汉语大词典》代表了目前我国辞书编纂的最高水平。书证是词典中的重要组成部分,发挥着重要作用。《大词典》的书证取得了前所未有的成就,但仍存在一些瑕疵。文章具体指出《汉语大词典》中书证存在的问题,共19处,分为引文有误,书证失序,篇目、卷数疏误,标点疏漏四种类型。     

中古石刻文献补订《汉语大词典》十四则

文章结合石刻文献例证，从增补词条、增补义项、提前书证三个方面为《汉语大词典》等大型辞书的修订提供参考：补充失收词条“金赢”“赞省”等6例，为“寒心”“声歌”“弦竹”等3个已收词条补充失收义项，提前了“元子”“肇开”“具体”等8个词条的首引书证。     

《汉语大词典》书证拾补——以清末民初白话报刊为例

《汉语大词典》(以下简称《大词典》)是目前最具权威性的一部大型语文工具书,但其仍存在一些疏误,如书证滞后、书证缺失现象比较严重。清末民初白话报刊语料新颖、内容丰富,是辞书编纂和修订的重要材料,可以提前滞后书证、增补缺失书证。兹列举部分,以期有助于《大词典》修订和汉语词汇史研究。     

王念孙《读书杂志》对大型辞书修订的价值和意义

王念孙的《读书杂志》对《汉语大字典》、《汉语大词典》等大型辞书的修订有着重要的价值和意义,提供漏收的字、义项、词以及为辞书提供书证或提供更早的书证。     

《汉语大词典》书证疏误辨正

书证是词典引用的书籍例证，它是释义的重要依据，是词条的重要组成部分，《汉语大词典》是现存大型汉语词典中质量最高的一部，但并非完美无缺，它在书证方面还存在着三个方面的疏误：一是书证句读失误，二是书证意义语用，三是书证内容疏误。对于这些疏误，现阶段的解决办法只能是部分地进行订正。待《大词典》进行修订时，才有可能从根本上加以解决。     

《盐铁论》试补《汉语大词典》书证迟后例十则

作为一部全面反映汉语词汇源流情况的大型历史语言词典,《汉语大词典》其首引书证应尽可能引用语词的始见例以溯源。然而,在研究西汉《盐铁论》过程中发现其可订补《汉语大词典》部分书证迟后问题,今就所得十则讨论于下。     

《汉语大词典》失收《史记》双音动词考

《史记》是秦汉时期语言实录的一部宏篇巨著,其词汇在汉语词汇史上具有重要的意义。从大型历时性辞书编纂的角度看,《史记》必当是辞书所选秦汉语料之一,如大型辞书《汉语大词典》就大量以《史记》为语料而设定词条及义项,又大量引之为书证。但就该辞书所收词条看,仍存有不少词条失收问题。今就所检《汉语大词典》失收《史记》双音动词数则作一些简要考释,以期对读者阅读、研究《史记》及辞书的再次修订有一定的参考价值。     

《汉语大词典》指误

在《汉语大词典》中，“青李”条义项①的书证《来禽帖》标点有误，“胡笳”条释义不全面，“却月眉”条的释义不准确，“起夫”和“锈床”条的书证迟后，“斗”条的义项⑤引用书证不当。《汉语大词典》修订时可作参考。     

《汉语大字典》“卍”字条书证商榷

湖北辞书出版社、四川辞书出版社出版的《汉语大字典》第一卷有“卍”字条,其释文中引有以下书证:《楞严经》卷九:“即时如来从胸卍字涌出宝光,其光晃晃,有千百色.”真鉴疏:“卍者,彼方万字也,如来胸前万德吉祥纹也。”     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.