Exploring how relevance instructions affect personal reading intentions,reading goals and text processing: A mixed methods study

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to investigate how relevance instructions influence readers’ personal reading intentions, reading goals, text processing, and memory for text. Undergraduates (n = 52) were randomly assigned to one of three pre-reading relevance instruction conditions that asked them to read from a perspective or to read for understanding. Experimental results showed that information was read slower and remembered better when it was relevant. However, some readers spent more time reading irrelevant information, whereas others spent less time reading this information. Post-reading interviews were analyzed to explain these reading time differences. The interview data indicated that relevance instructions influenced readers’ goals and the strategies they used to meet those goals. The data sets were complementary: the quantitative data indicated differences in reading time and recall, and the qualitative data allowed us to explain why these differences occurred. These data revealed three distinct reader profiles within and across conditions, and demonstrate how relevance instructions affect reader goals, processing, and comprehension.     

如何提高高职学生英语阅读能力

本文作者通过教学实践发现高职学生的英语应用能力较差,尤其是阅读能力。作者分析了原因：学生基础知识差,学习兴趣不足,加上没有掌握一定的方法,诸多因素造成阅读困难。针对这种情况,作者提出了长句分析法、主题句法、兴趣刺激等一些相应的解决办法。     

How the relationship between text and headings influences readers’ memory

Two questions regarding signals’ influence on memory were examined. First, the relationship between headings and text was manipulated to determine whether headings serve as visual cues, directing readers to recall all subsequent information, or content-specific cues, directing readers to recall only to certain information. Second, distance between headings and signaled information was manipulated to determine the extent to which headings focus readers’ recall. College students read a multiple-topic expository text. Free recall for main topics was facilitated by being related to headings and being close to headings and inhibited by being unrelated to headings and distant from headings. Conditional recall (recall of subordinate information pertaining to a main topic) was not affected by either relatedness of heading or distance. Results are consistent with research showing signals’ mixed influence on recall and suggest relation and distance as factors to consider when writing and reading exposition.     

谈英语应用能力考试中阅读能力的培养

本文探讨了英语应用能力考试中阅读能力的提高的方法和策略。首先,要打下扎实的阅读理解基础。阅读基础是阅读的起码要求,不具备基础阅读就无法进行。其次,要掌握正确的阅读方法。考生可根据文章的难易程度和自己对文章的理解程度采取不同的阅读方法。再次,在阅读过程中运用一些技巧,可提高速度和正确率,促进英语综合能力的全面发展。     

The influence of reading unit size on the development of Stroop interference in early word decoding

The purpose of the experiments was to determine the automatic use of large or small word reading units in young readers in the absence of word decoding strategies. Picture-word Stroop interference was examined from four types of conflicting labels: (a) words containing both highly predictable grapheme–phoneme correspondence (GPC) units and highly consistent rime units (henceforth, Hi-GPC + Hi-Rime); (b) words with highly predictable GPC units and less consistent rime units (Hi-GPC + Lo-Rime); (c) words with low predictability GPC units and highly consistent rime units (Low GPC + High Rime); (d) nonwords that contained both highly predictable GPC and highly consistent rime units. Naming time for pictures containing these labels was compared against that for pictures with random letter strings or no labels. In Experiment 1, Stroop interference was examined in first, second, and third grade children to determine whether there was developmental change in the presence of rime or GPC interference. In Experiment 2, Stroop interference was examined as a function of relative reading skill in first grade children. In Experiment 3, Stroop interference in adults was compared to the use of rime or GPC pronunciation strategies for nonword reading. In all experiments, Stroop interference in picture naming was longer for pictures with highly predictable GPC unit labels than less predictable GPC unit labels. However, in Experiment 3, even though adults showed interference from predictable GPC units in the Stroop task, they always preferred rime pronunciation for ambiguous nonwords in the nonword reading task. It is argued that the current experiments provide evidence for a flexible units model. The results of this study were presented at the Cognitive Development Society meeting, November 2001, Virginia Beach, VA, and the American Educational Research Association meeting, April 2004, San Diego, California.     

Focus on a New Approach in College Reading Instruction-Collaborative Strategic Reading(CSR)

As an attempt to seek more reliable and valid methodology to enhance traditional college reading classes in China,the paper aims to explore an instructional approach named Collaborative Strategic Reading(CSR) based on the analysis of current college reading instructions,the suitability of CSR applied in authentic teaching context as well as pedagogical recommendations attempted to present practicable concept for college reading instructions.     

Interest in an expository text: How does it flow from reading to writing?

This study investigated the flow of interest in a reading-to-write activity. It was hypothesized that (a) different contents in a text would stimulate different types of interest and (b) different writing tasks would impact differently students’ use of interesting text segments. Participants were 247 11th- and 12th-grade students, who were divided into 6 groups according to a 2 (interesting vs. uninteresting topic) × 3 (type of writing task) design. While reading, students rated novelty, curiosity, impressiveness, importance, and willingness to reflect on each text segment. Participants were then assigned to one of three writing tasks, namely argumentation, text designing, and composition. Results showed that concepts were regarded as important, events/activities as impressive, and evaluations as most worthy of reflection. Topic interest was explicitly expressed mainly in the argumentation condition, where increased topic interest scores after reading and writing were also found.     

Trust and mistrust when students read multiple information sources about climate change

The present study investigated how undergraduates judged the trustworthiness of different information sources that they read about climate change. Results showed that participants (N = 128) judged information from textbook and official documents to be more trustworthy than information from newspapers and a commercial agent. Moreover, participants put most emphasis on content and least emphasis on date of publication when judging document trustworthiness. When judging the trustworthiness of the textbook, they emphasized criteria differently than when evaluating other types of documents. Results also indicated that readers low in topic knowledge were more likely to trust less trustworthy sources and failed to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant criteria when judging the trustworthiness of sources.     

关于数学分析课程中思想方法的教学

通过教学案例说明怎样进行思想方法教学,以促进本科数学专业数学分析的教学与研究.     

紫姑信仰流变研究

紫姑是诞生在以农耕文明为主的长江流域的一位女神。随着农耕生产的发展、民众生活的进步,紫姑信仰出现了与之相应的一系列变化。迎请紫姑的仪式空间和仪式时间发生了变化,迎请紫姑从问桑蚕农事扩展到卜占寿辰、生育和前程以及仕途功名,婚丧嫁娶,农耕商贸等人生诸多领域。除了民间口传和行为传承系统以外,还出现了文字传承系统,不断赋予紫姑个性化的色彩。     

英语阅读能力的培养策略

英语阅读是以英语为媒体进行交流和获取信息的最主要的形式,阅读能力的提高一直是英语学习者的最主要目标,阅读能力的培养是英语教学中一项重要任务。     

国外关于教师信念问题的研究综述

教师信念是指教师对有关教与学现象的某种理论、观点和见解的判断,它影响着教育实践和学生的身心发展。教师信念不仅会影响教师知觉与处理班级中信息与问题的方式,而且教师在形成教学目标以及定义教学任务的方式上,教师信念也扮演着一个重要的角色,并且还会影响教师的行为方式与教学效能感。教师信念正确与否决定着教学改革和教学效果的成败。文章介绍了国外关于教师信念的主要研究进展,包括教师信念的特征、基本假设,教师信念与有效教学、教学改革的关系,以及研究教师信念的意义。     

高校日语阅读课程的有效教学模式

如何在有限教学环节中,既提高学生的应试能力,又能进一步激发学生的阅读兴趣,提高阅读综合能力就成为了摆在日语教学者面前的一项重要课题。文章针对高校日语阅读课存在的难点,从教学内容、教学方法、教师角色的转换等方面,对高校日语阅读课程的教学模式进行分析和探讨。     

基于共享调节的社会性阅读：概念模型及解释

当前无论是理论还是实践层面,越来越多的研究开始突破传统阅读的“简单模型”假设,基于问题解决的阅读或有目的的阅读成为重要的研究视角。随着技术的发展,以读者为核心,强调分享、互动、传播的社会性阅读的兴起,使得原有的理论模型面临挑战。将共享调节引入社会性阅读,有助于拓展基于问题解决的阅读的理论视角,构建基于共享调节的社会性阅读的概念模型。这一模型的核心观点是,在具体的阅读活动之前,需要形成个人和群体层面的二阶段心智模型:即情境模型和任务模型。该模型还可以进一步衍生出新的研究假设,构建阅读支架及支持系统,并进行相应的课堂实践。以一门本科课程的阅读活动为解释案例,对该概念模型进行阐释和应用的结果表明,基于共享调节的社会性阅读可以帮助学生提取原先容易被忽略的物理及社会情境因素,形成小组阅读目标和阅读计划,支架及协作工具也有助于社会性阅读过程中的任务理解、计划、监控和调节。这一研究有助于完善新媒体环境下有目的的阅读理论,揭示社会性阅读过程中共享情境和任务形成的影响因素及动态发展过程,也可以为课堂社会性阅读提供可操作的应用模式。     

高校新生大学英语精读课教学浅论

大学英语精读课教学应充分考虑新生的心理特点和学习特点,采用相应的教学方法,帮助学生顺利完成从中学英语学习向大学英语学习的过渡阶段,为今后的学习打下良好的基础。     

《读书分年日程》与清代的书院

元代程端礼的《读书分年日程》是朱子读书法的衍生物,它在清代颇受重视,许多读书人将其视为读书指南;它在书院教育中也被采用,纳入书院章程。书院生徒以此作为自我评判的标准。生徒通过日积月累的学习,培育其恒心和自我反省的能力,最终达到身心之自持,促成德与业的进步。