论习近平关于全球治理体系变革重要论述的当代价值

当今世界正处于百年未有之大变局。中国应积极参与全球治理体系改革与建设,发挥全球治理体系在全球变革中的根本性、全局性和长远性作用,推动全球治理体系向更加公正合理方向变革,为世界新一轮经济全球化和全球一体化发展提供新的制度性公共产品。     

全球性竞争环境下的我国高校发展战略

章认为,知识经济和经济全球化的发展实质上是全球性竞争的发展新阶段,高等教育国际化使我国高校也面临全球性竞争的挑战。章分析了我国高校在全球性竞争环境下所面临的教育资源的竞争、高校发展空间的竞争、综合国力的竞争等问题,并提出了我国高校应规划可持续人才发展战略、加快高等教育现代化的步伐、构建终身教育体系等对策。     

Translating Globalization and Democratization into Local Policy: Educational Reform in Hong Kong and Taiwan

The past two decades have witnessed three important international trends: an increase in the number of democratic states; economic globalization; and educational reforms in light of the challenges of the new millennium. A great deal of research has addressed educational change in relation to either globalization or democratization, but little has been said about the complex interactions among all three processes. In view of recent educational reforms in Hong Kong and Taiwan, the present contribution examines the local nature of education policy in a globalized age. It challenges those globalization theories which minimize the role of the state and exaggerate the power of globalization over local factors. In particular, it explores how the governments of these two Chinese societies have employed democratization to generate and legitimate reform proposals and have used economic globalization to justify educational reforms. The study concludes by discussing the complex interrelations of these processes, including tensions between global and local concerns in educational reform.     

Translating Globalization and Democratization into Local Policy: Educational Reform in Hong Kong and Taiwan

The past two decades have witnessed three important international trends: an increase in the number of democratic states; economic globalization; and educational reforms in light of the challenges of the new millennium. A great deal of research has addressed educational change in relation to either globalization or democratization, but little has been said about the complex interactions among all three processes. In view of recent educational reforms in Hong Kong and Taiwan, the present contribution examines the local nature of education policy in a globalized age. It challenges those globalization theories which minimize the role of the state and exaggerate the power of globalization over local factors. In particular, it explores how the governments of these two Chinese societies have employed democratization to generate and legitimate reform proposals and have used economic globalization to justify educational reforms. The study concludes by discussing the complex interrelations of these processes, including tensions between global and local concerns in educational reform.     

Globalization and educational change: bringing about the reshaping and re‐norming of practice

The tendency in education writing on globalization has been to examine the congruence of educational policies in western societies and the international effects of global governance of education by powerful transnational institutions such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the European Union. The authors tend to identify massive changes in approaches to educational governance, including the establishment of a broadly common policy and management agenda that is characterized by ‘new managerialism’, devolution, and rigid accountability structures, entrepreneurialism, and school effectiveness, that have been imposed largely as a result of globalization. These measures are often seen as being directly related to the ‘hollowing out’ of the state, and the emergence of neo‐liberalism as the informing ideology of both international capitalism and residual nation‐states. There are few studies, however, of the dynamics of educational life and micro‐political activities that enable or challenge or bring about the kinds of educational reshaping and renorming that are typically associated with globalization. This study attempts to analyse such micro‐shaping, which, through reporting an ethnographic study in a site of educational practice, examines how school managers and teachers dealt with government policy intervention and, in the process, both willingly and unwillingly implemented significant educational change.     

McSchools for McWorld? Mediating global pressures with a McDonaldizing education policy response

This paper argues that key education policy initiatives since the introduction of the National Curriculum in the UK are Government‐mediated responses to pressures in the global knowledge economy. Successful implementation of these policies has required a change in the way in which education institutions and professionals are controlled and managed. George Ritzer's ‘McDonaldization’ thesis, a conceptualization of a dominant form of economic and cultural globalization, is outlined and it is then argued that national education policy has led to the ‘McDonaldization’ of the state school education system in England. Benjamin Barber's concept of ‘McWorld’ is used to represent the consumerist world which a narrowed educational vision seeks to serve.     

中国教育治理之愿景

中国作为教育大国正在崛起,而真正的教育大国需要制度创新来奠定。我们应当探求新的教育改革模式,要解决各级教育的突出问题。在基础教育上,应当强化学校分区、就近入学的原则,将竞争式的高考转变为水平考试。职业教育的学历文凭和职业资格证书并重制度,应当是学校教育和继续教育两个系统上的并重。高等教育应当突出校长责任,重视学者的学术自觉,构建师生共同治理大学的局面。     

THE CONCEPT OF FUNDAMENTAL EDUCATIONAL CHANGE

A bstract .  In this essay, Leonard Waks contributes to a reconceptualization of "fundamental educational change." By distinguishing sharply between educational change at the organizational and the institutional levels, Waks shows that the mechanisms of change at these two levels are entirely different. He then establishes, by means of a conceptual argument, that fundamental educational change takes place not at the organizational, but rather at the institutional level. Along the way Waks takes Larry Cuban's influential conceptual framework regarding educational change as both a starting point and target of appraisal.     

A Critique and Response to Multicultural Visions of Globalization

The paper by White in this issue of Interchange contains an interesting model for a global educational perspective based on the writings of Aurobindo and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. White proposes a foundation for this new perspective based on the synthesis of Aurobindo’s and de Chardin’s theories of global, social, and conscious evolution. In our response we critique the author’s proposal from the perspective of the current challenges to social justice within the educational community. In particular the writings of Charles Darwin, Paolo Freire, Karl Marx, and Vivekananda (Aurobindo’s peer) are examined to present evolutionary and philosophical viewpoints on the origins and causes of inequity. We contend that no global multicultural perspective on education is possible unless we first address the fundamental inequities present within the socio-economic and educational structures that characterize the world today. Thus any attempt to introduce a “global educational agenda” within an educational institutional structure is bound to be problematic.     

Combining Market and Bureaucratic Control in Education: An answer to market and bureaucratic failure?

This article focuses on institutional arrangements in education across Western countries. It essentially deals with the recent trend towards extended school choice presumably aimed at creating a competitive environment for schools and teachers. For many years the functioning of educational systems, in particular the way schools were institutionally co-ordinated, was not perceived as fundamental to economic analysis. But more and more economists now believe that the institutional setting in which schools are embedded-their governance structure-is decisive regarding both efficiency and equity. In this respect, it is worth noting that most Western countries rely essentially on bureaucratic control to co-ordinate their educational sector. Yet some of them, such as Belgium, The Netherlands, England and Wales, New Zealand and Sweden incorporate market-oriented mechanisms at the heart of their institutional arrangements. The main focus of this article is to analyse the origins, as well as the economic relevance, of this-in some cases relatively recent-tendency to mix bureaucratic and market approaches to education.     

Missions and structures: Bringing clarity to perceptions about globalization and higher education in Canada

In perhaps the first empirical investigation of the impact of global forces upon U.S. and Canadian community colleges, I examine their missions and structures, noting alterations associated with globalization. In my examination of Canadian colleges, I find that global forces, such as international economies, international political struggles and their consequences, and global communication systems, do affect these institutions. These forces are influential in altering college behaviors, including changes to institutional mission and institutional structures. That is, colleges are increasingly oriented to the marketplace, more responsive to public demands and preferences, and increasingly more directed by provincial governments to serve both political and economic priorities.This paper is based upon a multi-case, qualitative, longitudinal study of seven (7) community colleges, four (4) of which are Canadian colleges. The purpose of the study was two-fold: first, to identify and analyze actual institutional behaviors of community colleges as they adjust to demands inherent in the globalization process; and second, to identify the evolving development of the community college as a social institution, specifically by focusing upon the actions and conditions that have led to mission alteration.     

Adolescent CIT Use: Paradigm shifts for educational and cultural practices?

This paper argues that the rapid take-up of communications and information technologies (CITs) by adolescents effectively lifts them out of the institutional control of school and family. Their use of interactive and wearable technologies is characterised by increasing levels of personalisation, mobility and global reach. This aspect of adolescents' use of CITs signals a qualitative change in the nature of popular culture and educational practices, and necessitates a paradigm shift in how we understand the learning contexts of contemporary adolescents.     

国际高等教育发展的若干趋向

随着经济全球化和知识经济的发展,全球高等教育正在发生着深刻的变化,不仅表现在高等教育学生数量的增长、高等教育供给的多样化、学生群体组成的变化,还表现在资金筹措方式的多样化、绩效责任日益被重视、新形式的机构治理的出现以及全球性的网络化等方面。     

Neoliberalism,higher education and the knowledge economy: from the free market to knowledge capitalism

The ascendancy of neoliberalism and the associated discourses of ‘new public management’, during the 1980s and 1990s has produced a fundamental shift in the way universities and other institutions of higher education have defined and justified their institutional existence. The traditional professional culture of open intellectual enquiry and debate has been replaced with a institutional stress on performativity, as evidenced by the emergence of an emphasis on measured outputs: on strategic planning, performance indicators, quality assurance measures and academic audits. This paper traces the links between neoliberalism and globalization on the one hand, and neoliberalism and the knowledge economy on the other. It maintains that in a global neoliberal environment, the role of higher education for the economy is seen by governments as having greater importance to the extent that higher education has become the new star ship in the policy fleet for governments around the world. Universities are seen as a key driver in the knowledge economy and as a consequence higher education institutions have been encouraged to develop links with industry and business in a series of new venture partnerships. The recognition of economic importance of higher education and the necessity for economic viability has seen initiatives to promote greater entrepreneurial skills as well as the development of new performative measures to enhance output and to establish and achieve targets. This paper attempts to document these trends at the level of both political philosophy and economic theory.     

The global,the local,and the science curriculum: A struggle for balance in Cyprus

In documenting educational reforms in the science curriculum of developing countries, a number of tensions become apparent as a result of struggles to preserve local values while incorporating global trends. This article describes and analyses these tensions and paradoxes, and discusses the intersections of cultural, economic, administrative and educational history of elementary school science curriculum development in Cyprus since its independence from the British in 1960. Using a combination of methodological tools that range from document analysis, historical research and ethnographic methods of collecting data, it is argued that the global and the local can be viewed spatially in terms of linking people, spaces and diverse knowledges. In order to ensure that local values in science curriculum development can be sustained without being absorbed by globalization curriculum developers in developing countries need to create spaces in which the local can be performed together with the global.     

全球视野下高中教育的性质、定位和功能

高中教育作为连接九年义务教育和高中后教育的纽带,起着承上启下的特殊作用,其发展状况也成为衡量一个国家综合经济实力和智力资源的重要标志。随着全球化及信息科技的迅速发展,世界各国在规划教育发展时,都将高中教育作为其关注的重要议题,注重升学、就业、全人三维目标的统一和强调学校类型的多元化与课程结构的多样化成为这个教育阶段的全球趋势。     

A Critical Analysis on China’s Cultural Regime Reform under the Context of Cross-cultural Communication

Against the backdrop of globalization in the modern time,cultural boundaries have been blurred by the trends of economic integration,global population movement and the development of information technology,which facilitated intercultural exchanges in a more extensive and profound way.Under the new cultural background,our country has called for cultural institutional reform by striving to strengthen the soft power to grow into a culturally strong country.The author holds that it is hard to realize the goals of conducting cultural institutional reform under the current political and economic systems and has proposed some points in this thesis.     

职业教育现代化实现方式的评价

职业教育是高等教育体系的有机组成部分,以培养“技术型、应用型、成品型人才”为目标。我国加入世贸组织后,面临经济全球化,教育国际化的新趋势。迫切要求职业教育必须打破传统的思维定势,转变观念进行有效的改革。积极探索适应经济发展需要的职业技术教育现代化的办学模式,是值得认真探讨的课题。     

Translating globalization theories into educational research: thoughts on recent shifts in Holocaust education

Much educational research on globalization aims to prepare students to be successful citizens in a global society. We propose a set of three concepts, drawing on systems theory (Nassehi, Stichweh) and theories of the subject (Butler, Foucault), to think the global which enables educational research to step back from hegemonic discourses and reflect on current practices. Globalization is understood in this approach as referring to: (1) a cognitive shift; (2) expanding relevancy spaces; and (3) new forms of subjectivation. The framework is illustrated with examples from educational policy and learning materials, with an extended look at how globalization is articulated in recent shifts in Holocaust education.     

Civics and Values Education in Thailand: Documentary Analysis

The era of globalization has vast implications for Thai society: the effects of globalization upon its national civilization are beyond imagination. The key factor to enable the society to develop in the right direction is the quality of the Thai people. For this reason, civics and values education are recognized as the principal target of educational management. In Thailand, civics and values education are based on religion, especially Buddhism; Thai culture and family life; the institution of monarchy; and social and economic conditions. It is currently realized that economic development without human development leads to disaster in terms of natural resources, the environment, communities, as well as the individual's quality of life. Civics and values education are being revived again to save the country from the risk of this damage, and in order to seek a new balance between “global” and local” values.