Policy development and educational research: The Hungarian experience

Conclusions The interaction between research and politics is weakly structured in Hungarian higher education. Functions and roles are unclear, persons participating often change or combine different roles. The emergence of modern higher education politics in Hungary catalyzes the differentiation, professionalization and institutionalization of experts, advisers and consultants. National reform commissions provide a good framework to work out these roles. The small size of the country and the limitations of its academic resources, however, make this progress gradual and controversial.     

European Citizens under Construction: The Bologna process analysed from a governmentality perspective

This article focuses on problematizing the harmonisation of higher education in Europe today. The overall aim is to analyse the construction of the European citizen and the rationality of governing related to such a construction. The specific focus will be on the rules and standards of reason in higher education reforms which inscribe continuums of values that exclude as they include. Who is and who is not constructed as a European citizen? Documents on the Bologna process produced in Europe and in Sweden are analysed drawing on the Foucauldian notion of governmentality, showing a neoliberal rationality of governing. The European citizen needs to become flexible, autonomous and self‐regulating as a way of facing the threats of the constantly changing future. The technique of diversity is a condition of possibility for constructing such a citizen and for harmonising higher education in Europe. Further, the current power relations in the discourse define what is and what is not European, thus constructing ‘the other’, the one who is excluded.     

European Citizens under Construction: The Bologna process analysed from a governmentality perspective

This article focuses on problematizing the harmonisation of higher education in Europe today. The overall aim is to analyse the construction of the European citizen and the rationality of governing related to such a construction. The specific focus will be on the rules and standards of reason in higher education reforms which inscribe continuums of values that exclude as they include. Who is and who is not constructed as a European citizen? Documents on the Bologna process produced in Europe and in Sweden are analysed drawing on the Foucauldian notion of governmentality, showing a neoliberal rationality of governing. The European citizen needs to become flexible, autonomous and self-regulating as a way of facing the threats of the constantly changing future. The technique of diversity is a condition of possibility for constructing such a citizen and for harmonising higher education in Europe. Further, the current power relations in the discourse define what is and what is not European, thus constructing 'the other', the one who is excluded.     

Translating norms from Europe to Turkey: Turkey in the Bologna Process

This article focuses on the structural changes Turkish higher education is going through as a result of Turkey’s integration into the European educational space. The focus of the article is the process of policy transfer. For this purpose, the article outlines the changes in Turkish higher education comprehensively to explain the dynamics of the policy transfer. Creation of a national qualifications system and establishment of a quality assurance system are given as examples of policy transfer. The article concludes that while the system is becoming more student-centred, change in higher education is happening in a very top-down fashion, where participation of relevant stakeholders is not ensured.     

Research Experiences of Staff within a Specialist UK Higher Education Institution: Challenges,opportunities and priorities

The study discussed here was based on a collective case approach involving a specialist UK higher education institution. Six individual interviews were carried out with a cross-sectional sample of the institution’s staff members. Additional information was gained through observations and examination of relevant documents. These data were interrogated with the purpose of exploring how the institution had made the transition from a teacher training college to a teaching-led higher education institution with a particular commitment to developing research capacity. This analysis yielded a number of key findings: first, the institution had experienced a cultural shift, with research forming a more noticeable profile; second, practitioner-oriented research was the dominant research endeavour; and third, there appeared to be an incomplete understanding of the potential of research to change a staff member’s career and teaching practice. The article concludes by giving consideration to the implications of the findings.     

数字化建设对高等教育发展的影响

以数字化为基础的网络教育和远程教育将成为高等教育的发展趋势,高等教育从精英式向社会化转变过程中,需要依赖于新的信息中介工具,数字化建设将促使教育观念、教育思想的转变并成为推动高等教育社会化的重要技术基础,是实现高等教育跨越式发展的重要基础。     

博洛尼亚进程:历程、进展与未来

到2007年,推动欧洲高等教育一体化建设的博洛尼亚进程已实施八年。针对2010年建成"欧洲高等教育区"的目标,对过去两年博洛尼亚进展中的成绩和问题进行了分项目的分析,指出了欧洲高等教育未来发展需要努力的十二个方面。     

博洛尼亚进程：性质及运作机制

博洛尼亚进程是欧洲国家教育部长基于“辅助性原则”自愿签订的无约束力的政府间教育合作计划。这一性质为开放式协调法的运用提供了契机,开放式协调法具有灵活性、开放性、程序性和非限制性等特点,它使博洛尼亚进程在欧洲复杂多元的高等教育逐步走向和谐统一。     

The influence of performance-based management on teaching and research performance of Finnish senior academics

Despite the widespread use of performance-based management in higher education, empirical research on its actual impact has remained scarce, particularly in Europe. With agency theory as a framework, our study utilised survey data collected from Finnish universities in order to explore the influence of performance management on perceived teaching and research performance of senior academics. Our findings suggest that, although academics hold a quite positive view of performance measurement as such, this attitude does not correlate with perceived high performance in either teaching or research. Moreover, our results suggest that perceived high performance among academics still relates primarily to acknowledgement from the academic community and academic achievement rather than to measurement and financial incentives.     

Survey on the implementation of the Bologna process in Portugal

For several years Portuguese higher education institutions have been waiting for the legislation framework necessary for the implementation of the Bologna process. Such legislation was passed quite recently (2006) and has resulted in an unexpected flood of proposals presented at very short notice by higher education institutions to the Ministry. It is possible that such fast implementation rate corresponds to implementation “in form” rather than “in substance”, thus softening tensions between the European and the national and local levels. This hypothesis will be tested by analysing the outcomes of a survey conducted in all higher education institutions that have presented proposals of Bologna-type degree programmes or adaptations of old degree programmes to the new Bologna-type structure.     

'Quality' in the Bologna Process: from 'competitive edge' to quality assurance techniques

The theoretical premise of this article is that policy is constructed and presented discursively. The Bologna process presents us with an example of such a policy construction process where the quality policy goals are set jointly in transnational settings, requiring different kinds of negotiations and discursive strategies. Discourse analysis of policy texts can be useful in tracing policy changes and describing them, but also in explaining and understanding some of the developments that lead up to the implementation of the policies and the (political) views which are embedded in the debates. In this article, some discourse analytical methods are used to analyse the potential meanings of ‘quality’ at the European and national level of the Bologna process. The linguistic analysis focuses on the different meanings of ‘quality’ and the value assumptions attached to it from the point of view of word choice, metaphors and argumentation strategies. The data used are the official declarations and communiqués of the Bologna process; the central background reports of the process; and brief national follow‐up reports prepared for the Berlin meeting of 2003 from Finland, Sweden and the Netherlands.     

我国民办高等教育发展的政策分析

由于国家在推动民办高等教育发展过程中扮演着重要的角色,因此民办高等教育的发展依附于国家的相关政策的制定与执行过程。文章通过对民办高等教育发展阶段中相关政策的梳理与分析,提出了民办高等教育政策调整的建议：首先,政府应转换职能,从管理者身份转换到服务者身份;其次,构建民办高等教育具体、细致、完整的政策体系,引导民办高等教育向多层次、多类别、多样化的方向发展;最后,保持政策的连续性和稳定性。     

高等教育的发展与政策创新

高等教育的发展与教育政策的创新有着深刻的联系。 2 0世纪 70年代末以来 ,我国高等教育的发展紧紧依托政策创新而不断向前推进。其中 ,恢复高考、体制改革和启动大众化的步伐是高等教育政策创新的突出表现。新世纪初叶我国高等教育在朝着实现大众化的方向前进 ,这种发展对于教育政策的创新有着更深切的需求。为此 ,必须进一步加强对高等教育的政策研究 ,进一步加强高等教育的政策法规建设     

Assessment revisited: a review of research in Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education

A review of articles published in Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, over the last eight years (2006–2013) on assessment in higher education, since the introduction of the Bologna process, is the subject of the paper. The first part discusses the key issue of assessment in higher education and the method used for selecting articles. The second part presents results according to the main emerging themes arising from data analysis: assessment methods, modes of assessment and assessment related to a given teaching and learning method. The paper concludes that the foci of the studies are aligned with assessment practices other than the written test, in accordance with a learner-oriented perspective. Although the implementation of the Bologna process has had different kinds of impact in different European countries, the review shows that the use and effects of a diversity of assessment methods in higher education have been investigated, particularly those pointing to the so-called alternative methods. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

Developing and implementing a robust and flexible framework for the evaluation and impact of educational development in higher education in Chile

ABSTRACT

This article describes the development of an evaluation and impact framework to assess the effectiveness of educational innovations. It can be utilized within a single program, as well as at institutional and national levels. While it is contextualized in a Chilean university, it is argued that it is widely applicable as it is informed by international best practice.

The rationale that informed the development of the evaluation framework is described and is illustrated using two programs: Faculty Learning Communities; and Student Learning Assistants. These demonstrate how the framework can be customized utilizing indicators and outcomes relevant to specific programs and stakeholders.     

背景与基础:博洛尼亚进程的多源流分析

博洛尼亚进程是法国等发起国借助欧洲框架进行整体协调一致的高等教育改革,达到增强自身以致整个欧洲的高等教育竞争力和吸引力之目的.博洛尼亚进程之所以能推进欧洲高等教育的一体化改革,是因为欧洲人历来就具有"全欧理念",也因为欧洲政治、经济的一体化已经发展到一定阶段,对高等教育的一体化提出必然要求,欧洲高等教育领域已有的一些制度和政策也为欧洲高等教育的一体化奠定了基础.     

南非私立高等教育的发展及政策干预

纵观历史,南非私立高等教育一直处于主流高等教育之外,在边缘地带发展.20世纪90年代后,在有利的政策环境和经济利益驱动下,主要借助公私高校伙伴关系,南非私立高校获得了新的发展机遇,但南非政府随之加大了对私立高校的监管,政府的政策干预在南非国内引发了激烈的争论.     

Neoliberalism is not a theory of everything: a Bourdieuian analysis of illusio in educational research

Despite the frequency with which the concept of neoliberalism is employed within academic literature, its complex and multifaceted nature makes it difficult to define and describe. Indeed, data reported in this article suggest that there is a tendency in educational research to make extensive use of the word ‘neoliberalism’ (or its variants neoliberal, neo-liberal and neo-liberalism) as a catch-all for something negative but without offering a definition or explanation. The article highlights a number of key risks associated with this approach and draws on the Bourdieuian concept of illusio to suggest the possibility that when as educational researchers we use the word ‘neoliberalism’ in this way, rather than interrupting the implementation of neoliberal policies and practices, we may, in fact, be further entrenching the neoliberal doxa. That is to say, we are both playing the neoliberal game and inadvertently demonstrating our belief that it is a game worth being played. In so doing, this article seeks to extend understandings of what illusio means within the context of educational research.     

澳大利亚高等教育改革政策的发展趋势

进入21世纪后，澳大利亚掀起了一轮全新的高等教育改革浪潮。在高等教育必须为国家经济发展提供动力的理念下，政府动员全社会的力量参与到改革的讨论中，并制定出了一系列的改革措施。它们将引导澳大利亚高等教育走向新的发展道路，从而为国家的发展提供动力。     

教育政策视野下高等教育发展热点探析

近年来,我国高等教育事业飞速发展,从"精英教育"过渡到"大众化教育"阶段,在取得可喜成绩的同时,也面临着一些问题,新世纪我国高等教育发展的热点问题、新政策,包括贫困学生资助政策、师范生免费教育、创新创业教育、"质量工程"等,这些新政从不同侧面巩固了高教发展的成果,促进了高等教育全面可协调发展,开辟了高教事业发展的新途径。