The Nature of the Arguments for Creationism,Intelligent Design,and Evolution

Seventy-two Internet documents promoting creationism, intelligent design (I.D.), or evolution were selected for analysis. The primary goal of each of the 72 documents was to present arguments for creationism, I.D., or evolution. We first identified all arguments in these documents. Each argument was then coded in terms of both argument type (appeal to authority, appeal to empirical evidence, appeal to reason, etc.) and argument topic (age of earth, mechanism of descent with modification, etc.). We then provided a quantitative summary of each argument type and topic for each of the three positions. Three clear patterns were revealed by the data. First, websites promoting evolution were characterized by a narrow focus on appeals to empirical evidence, whereas websites promoting creationism and I.D. were quite heterogeneous in regards to argument type. Second, websites promoting evolution relied primarily on a small number of empirical examples (e.g., fossils, biogeography, homology, etc.), while websites promoting creationism and I.D. used a far greater range of arguments. Finally, websites promoting evolution were narrowly focused on the topic of descent with modification. In contrast, websites promoting creationism tackled a broad range of topics, while websites promoting I.D. were narrowly focused on the issue of the existence of God. The current study provides a quantitative summary of a systematic content analysis of argument type and topic across a large number of frequently accessed websites dealing with origins. The analysis we have used may prove fruitful in identifying and understanding argumentation trends in scientific writing and pseudo-scientific writing.     

The Relationships Between Paranormal Belief, Creationism, Intelligent Design and Evolution at Secondary Schools in Vienna (Austria)

The present study is the first to investigate the relationships between a multiple set of paranormal beliefs and the acceptance of evolution, creationism, and intelligent design, respectively, in Europe. Using a questionnaire, 2,129 students at secondary schools in Vienna (Austria) answered the 26 statements of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (R-PBS) and three statements about naturalistic evolution, creationism and intelligent design (ID). The investigated Austrian students showed an average R-PBS score of 82.08, more than 50% of them agreed with naturalistic evolution, 28% with creationism, and more than a third agreed with ID, the latter two closely correlated with each other. Females generally showed higher belief scores in the paranormal, creationism and ID. The agreement with naturalistic evolution correlated negatively with religious belief, but not with other paranormal beliefs, whereas the two non-scientific alternatives to evolution significantly correlated with both traditional and paranormal beliefs. Religious belief showed a significant positive correlation with other paranormal beliefs. All subscales of paranormal belief decreased during the eight grades of secondary school, as did acceptance of creationism and ID. However, the acceptance of naturalistic evolution did not correlate with age or grade. Possible reasons and implications for science education and the biology curriculum at Austrian secondary schools are discussed.     

全球化进程中的后现代设计

全球化进程中的后现代设计代表了不同于现代工业文明的性质和价值观，在工业文明转型中具有时代意义，对此值得跟踪研究。     

智能充电器的设计

采用Motorola公司的MC68HC908SR12单片机为控制核心,将SR12特有的模拟电路模块、高精度A/D转换、I2C总线接口以及高速PWM等功能运用到充电控制中,给出了硬件电路和软件流程,实践证明这是一种合理的设计方案.     

假想防卫过当罪过形态刍议

假想防卫过当是一个复合性概念,是假想防卫与防卫过当的竞合。假想防卫过当既有假想防卫的一面,又有防卫过当的一面。现有理论在面对假想防卫过当问题时难以兼顾假想防卫过当具有的两重性。假想防卫过当存在故意、过失和意外三种形态,假想防卫过当的罪过形态以防卫过当的责任形态为准。     

智能报警系统的设计

介绍智能报警系统的电路组成、设计思路,以及在设计中要解决的几个主要问题。     

智能显示屏的设计

大型显示屏在公共场所大量使用,采用单片机控制能使显示内容丰富,能组成漂亮动感的图画。     

ICAI的智能实现设计方案

讨论了通过在计算机智能教学系统建立合理的数据库模型,来实现教学系统的智能化功能--智能的根据的学生实际情况组织学习内容,确定学生学习方法,并对学生的学习行为给予评价.同时实现教师根据不同教学方法对教学资源进行灵活的重构功能.     

哈尼族创世神话与希腊创世神话对比

各民族对于世界诞生和人类起源的解释各不相同,但其模式基本上是一样的,这表明不同民族和文化尽管存在着世界观的差异性,但其基本的思维模式却是一样的。文章对希腊创世神话与哈尼族创世的神话进行了比较研究,发现它们在世界起源、人类诞生等基本主题上具有很大的相似性,这反映出了人类文化和文明的相同之处;哈尼族创世神话叙事较为单一但内容丰富,缺乏体系性和逻辑性。而希腊神话故事叙事较为多样性,体系性较强。这些不同之处反映出了各自文化的差异性。     

智能化电话报警系统设计

介绍了智能化电话防盗报警系统。它以MCS-51系列单片机AT89S52为核心,结合外围无线编码接收电路、DTMF发送接收电路、数据存储电路、数字语音录放电路、通话电路、键盘电路、以及其他的外围辅助电路,构成了一款高性能的基于电话线的远程报警装置。该智能化电话防盗报警系统可实现自动检测与自动电话拨号报警。     

智能仪表设计平台的研制

智能仪表在自动化生产领域里有着广泛的应用.智能仪表设计平台实现了一个开放的、可满足不同开发者需求的设计环境,从而提高了开发效率,实现可重用性.     

智能交通控制的硬件设计

交通道路硬件设施发展的有限性,而交通工具的增长对道路的需求远远超过道路增长的速度。科学合理地提高道路的使用效率,是改善交通状况的有效途径。智能交通信号机可以根据交通流量合理控制通行时间,从而提高交通通行质量。     

苔丝狄蒙娜之罪与自由意志

苔丝狄蒙娜的悲剧性死亡并不仅仅是由于伊阿古的陷害和奥赛罗的暴躁、轻信,从基督教的角度看,她本身也犯了罪,从对她的罪的分析中,我们可以窥见莎士比亚及基督教对人的本质的看法。     

后现代戏剧美学表征

多元化的后现代戏剧格局增添了理解的难度,但后现代戏剧仍具有自身的一些基本的关学特征：追求空间化,轻文字语言、重舞台语汇等。后现代戏剧表演艺术主要有两种美学倾向：1．削弱演员表现力,把演员降低为“傀儡”;2．“为表演者而进行的关于表演者的研究”,把演员表演提高到“本体”地位等。后现代戏剧导演艺术主要具有三个方面的关学特征：在创作上,常常采取即兴创作的方式;在戏剧演出时空方面,往往致力于建构一种观演共享空间;在剧场审美方面,追求一种“震惊”效果。     

The Postmodern Space of Operator's Manuals

Most operator's manuals are examples of failed rhetoric: discourse that fails to inform, to persuade, or even to be read. By moving from a tacit reliance on a modernist model of communication that emphasizes the transfer of information to a postmodem model that emphasizes the communication of understanding, and by applying two principles of negotiating understanding—encouraging users to denaturalize their common sense and encouraging users to take their share of responsibility for the safe and effective use of technologies—technical writers can construct manuals that are more likely to succeed rhetorically and legally.     

后现代文化及其文学表现

后现代主又是由现代主义哲学发展而来的一种非理性主义思潮，是一种特定的文化现象而后现代文学则是这种文化的具体的文学表现。后现代文学具体体现为三个基本的特征：意义的解构、感觉的复活和形式的重建。     

微博的后现代主义文化特征

微博是一种可以即时发布信息的系统。微博除了自身“微”之特点外,在后现代主义文化发展之下,它还具有一系列其他特征：主体中心主义消解、艺术的游戏、行动阐释意义等。作为一种新兴的文化现象,它所带来的影响也是双方面的。     

《炼狱》中的罪与救赎

在悲剧《炼狱》中,普罗科托因犯下通奸罪不经意间启动了萨勒姆镇一些人的种种欲望和罪恶,为自己和那些无辜的人们带来了巨大的灾难。一直不能正视自己罪孽的他,面对法庭和宗教强权的逼索,在妻子的帮助下最终战胜了自己的罪恶、软弱和自卑,找回了自己纯净纯善的灵魂,完成了自我救赎。这只迷途的羔羊终于回到了上帝的怀抱,坚持真理、捍卫良知,获得了新生而成为圣人。该剧展示出现实社会中严峻考验下人性最光辉的一面,让观众对人性的回归有了坚定的信念。