Educational capital as a catalyst for upward social mobility amongst British Asians: a three‐generational analysis

This paper is based on research that examined intergenerational dynamics amongst British South Asians regarding education and family life. The study investigated the perspectives of grandparents, parents and young people to establish how family attributes and education were perceived by these three groups. The methods used to gather data were focus groups and individual interviews. These were complemented by digital ethnography, which involved using photographs taken by the young people for reflection during interviews. Drawing on Bourdieu, Putnam and Coleman's theses of cultural and social capitals, the paper forwards the concept of educational capital, as the findings suggest a high emphasis on the acquisition of educational capital for upward social mobility amongst all groups.     

英国传统教育对职业教育的消极影响

本文简述了英国传统的中等教育和高等教育模式,力图从传统文化尤其是传统教育领域寻找造成英国职业教育在十九世纪末落后于欧美各国的原因。为我国职业教育改革和发展提供借鉴。     

The impact of parental young onset dementia on children and young people's educational careers

It is well established that having a parent with any illness or disability can have an adverse effect on individuals’ experiences of education and on their educational progress. Advances in medical knowledge are leading to more people under 65 being diagnosed with young onset dementias and, concomitantly, to more children and young people who are in education having a parent with this diagnosis. Hardly any research has asked these young people directly about their experiences, but the limited evidence suggests that there will likely be significant emotional, mental and psychological damage with enduring impact on their lives. This article, drawing on findings from a unique narrative, auto/biographical study involving 24 British 6 to 31‐year‐olds, focuses on the consequences of parental young onset dementia for educational careers. These dementias are untimely progressive terminal illnesses with unpredictable trajectories and timelines, throughout the course of which physical, cognitive and emotional functions and abilities are inexorably lost. Participants’ experiences show that living with a parent with young onset dementia, whilst negotiating the education system, can be extremely hard. Difficulties are exacerbated by the condition's distinctive characteristics, the current lack of any cure and anticipatory, pre‐death grief. Lack of public awareness and understanding, both of young onset dementias and of dedicated resources and support services, also result in many feeling isolated and ignored. We make suggestions for positive provision and actions that educational institutions can make to begin to meet the particular needs of these young people.     

英国征服对早期加拿大的历史性影响

加拿大自治领地建立之前的历史主要分为法属新法兰西时期和英属加拿大时期。1763年的英国征服之后,法国根据《巴黎和约》的规定将新法兰西割让给了英国,成为英属殖民地。这一历史事件在政治、经济、社会生活等各方面给早期加拿大带来了巨大的变化,对这块原法属殖民地以后的发展产生了重大影响。     

Parent and family influences on young women's romantic and sexual decisions

Parents can play an important role in reducing their children's risk for teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, and in promoting sexual health during adolescence. The purpose of this study was to explore communication between parents, family members and young people and how it influences their romantic and sexual behaviours. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 African American, American Indian, Euro-American and Latina women aged 19–29 years. Findings clustered into five themes. First, mothers were often the primary source of reproductive education. Second, fathers provided valuable guidance, although they were not the first source of information. Third, parental expectations influenced young people's sexual behaviours both positively and negatively. Fourth, aunts, uncles and grandparents were trusted sources of advice for personal discussions. Fifth, over one-third of participants perceived that there was no adult available to them during their teenage years for discussions about romance. Sex educators can encourage and guide parents to discuss romantic and sexual issues with young people as a way to support their young people's healthy sexual and romantic behaviours. Health and sex educators should also identify young people lacking support and encourage stronger relationships with family including fathers and extended family members.     

青年大学生参与奥运志愿服务的教育价值探析

奥运给我们留下了很多的遗产和反思。从教育价值角度反思青年大学生参与奥运志愿服务,我们认为大学生参与奥运服务,体现了较突出的实践教育价值、人格教育价值、社会教育价值、爱国主义教育价值和国际主义教育价值,正是这些教育价值给大学教育理念和德育工作提出了新的课题,也留下了教育遗产。     

How they got it and how they wanted it: marginalised young people's perspective on their experiences of sexual health education

Young people in Australia are at greatest risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections, and priority actions are necessary for this population group. This study of marginalised and at-risk young people in out-of-school environments was conducted in Western Australia with the aim of obtaining young people's perceptions about their experience of sexual health education and preferred means of gaining sexual health knowledge and skills. A participatory research methodology was implemented through a series of workshops with 88 young people recruited through community youth agencies. The results of the study support what is already known about sexual health promotion for young people and the importance of a holistic approach to promoting positive relationships and sexual health. However, the findings emphasise that this should include the need for demonstrated trust, confidence and safe environments, and the complementary role of community youth agencies and peer-based programmes which may play an important role in reaching young people who may disengage with, or not be reached by school-based sexual health education.     

影响美国校长培训发展的因素分析

美国的校长培训具有百余年的历史，他们的培训经历对我国的校长培训有一定的借鉴作用。在分析影响美国校长培训发展的外部因素（如政府、服务于培训工作的组织、教育政策委员会、基金支助组织）和内部因素（如培训机构、培训内容、培训课程、培训的教学法、与实地的联系等）的基础上，得到了有益的启示。     

自由主义的教育哲学批判

自由主义是现代性的核心,它深刻地影响了现代教育的价值诉求。自由主义教育思潮对传统教育价值的颠覆既没有为教育提供一个可行的方案,也没有为正当教育价值的确立提供一条可能的路径。自由主义的本质是价值相对主义和虚无主义,这使教育以及善的教育的存在的合法性受到威胁。自由主义不仅已成为挑战传统教育观念从而影响教育实践的坚硬立场,而且它所拥有的民间力量也构成了教育价值取向的一个实践方案。范美忠事件所引发的思考,不仅涉及自由主义在国家政治中的价值取向,也涉及教育应如何面对自由主义的价值挑战。正当教育价值的寻获必须从对自由主义教育价值的批判入手。反思与批判自由主义是当前教育哲学必然的担当。     

The impact of the Prevent duty on schools: A review of the evidence

The UK has emerged as an influential global player in developing policy to counter violent extremism, and therefore it is important to consider the emerging evidence about the impact of this policy in education. The Prevent duty came into force in the UK in 2015, placing a legal responsibility on schools and teachers to implement anti-terrorist legislation and prevent young people from being drawn into extremism or radicalisation. This article reviews all of the material based on empirical studies in England involving school teachers and students published between 2015 (when the duty was introduced) and the beginning of 2019 (27 articles and reports in total), to consider the impact of the policy on schools. The key themes emerging from our analysis of this evidence base are related to (1) the ways the policy is interpreted within Islamophobic discourses, (2) the emergence of Britishness as a key feature of fundamental British values and (3) the implications of framing Prevent as a safeguarding issue. We argue that the evidence gives support to those who have been critical of the Prevent duty in schools, and that it seems to be generating a number of unintended and negative side-effects. However, the evidence also illustrates how teachers have agency in relation to the policy, and may thus be able to enact the policy in ways which reduce some of the most harmful effects.     

Confusion,contradiction and exclusion: the promotion of British values in the teaching of history in schools

This article discusses the challenges faced teaching the promotion of ‘British values’, especially for trainee teachers. The advancement of these ‘British values’ as set out by the Department for Education is confusing, contradictory, and appear to exclude a sizeable minority of pupils of minority backgrounds from the current historical narrative of Britain as delineated by the National Curriculum (2013). Moreover, there is little advice for new teachers on what these ‘values’ really mean or how they should be taught within schools, despite forming part of the standards required to achieve QTS. The author not only examines this confusion but provides the perspective of a former academic who has moved into secondary teaching, and their reaction to the teaching of History in schools and concerns regarding the History Curriculum.     

(Re)Searching for the development of a conceptual model of education for citizenship in the context of young people’s globalised mobility in higher education

This paper proposes a conceptual model of education for global citizenship by drawing on the literature on international student mobility for higher education. This model outlines the kinds of competencies and forms of consciousness that education for citizenship should focus upon so as to address the economic and moral dilemmas of living in a globalising world. In an integrative review process, this paper identifies the challenges and opportunities that globalised mobility brings to the lives of young people, the mobilities that higher educational institutions are embracing, the mobility motivations of young students in higher education, and the consequences of this globalised mobility for their present and future life.     

世界博览会对19世纪英国职业技术教育的影响

长期以来职业技术教育在英国备受冷落。 185 1年以来的四次世界博览会使英国朝野大受刺激 ,进而对职业技术教育进行了深刻的反思 ,政府也采取了许多措施 ,使 19世纪后期的英国职业技术教育得到了前所未有的发展。     

Systematic review of the evidence to support expert practice in the education and care of children and young people with special educational needs and disability in the UK

Scopus, EBSCO, ERIC and British Education Index were interrogated in a systematic review of primary research since 2014 addressing expert practice and outcomes in education and care for young people with special educational needs and disability in the UK. Grey literature and studies of medical settings, preschool children, mainstream education or professional education were excluded. Quality was gauged by effect sizes, risk of bias and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. The search identified 7058 items. Twenty-eight studies were included, with 1839 participants of 4–22 years. Risk of bias was low, with effect sizes from small to extremely large. The qualitative studies were rigorous. Expert practice with positive outcomes was evidenced in comprehensive assessment, enhancing engagement and personalised interventions. Correction of visual problems, use of humanoid robots, and tested models were generally effective. There was rigorous evidence for efficacy of frameworks and reasonable evidence for creative approaches to physical activity. Drama lessons were valued. Standing frame use improved peer interaction or caused segregation. Disparity between problem identification and planned support in education health and care plans, and addressing personal and physical health factors were problematic. The voice of young people was lacking. More training was required in augmented and alternative communication.     

基于公共性的教育立法价值论

实现教育的公共性是教育立法的基本目标价值。教育立法的价值可分为实体价值和程序价值。前者可以划分为教育法的目的性价值、教育法的工具性价值以及教育法本身的价值三类。后者应强调立法过程的民众参与价值、合意价值和程序法定价值。     

Desperately seeking data: methodological complications in researching 'hard to find' young people

This paper explores challenges arising from research (Daniels & Macnab, 2004), which sought to identify young people aged 14–16 years who were emotionally vulnerable and not in receipt of educational provision within two local UK authorities. Two particular challenges are identified in this research. The first was the challenge of defining the term used to identify the young people. Second, the research faced an almost insurmountable challenge in finding and obtaining data on a sample for which the outcomes of the research may pose a threat to those holding the data. Discussion focuses upon possible ways in which research can address these issues.     

School composition,school culture and socioeconomic inequalities in young people's health: Multi‐level analysis of the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) survey in Wales

Health inequalities emerge during childhood and youth, before widening in adulthood. Theorising, testing and interrupting the mechanisms through which inequalities are perpetuated and sustained is vital. Schools are viewed as settings through which inequality in young people's health may be addressed, but few studies examine the social processes via which institutional structures reproduce or mitigate health inequalities. Informed by Markham and Aveyard's theory of human functioning and school organisation, including their concept of institutional boundaries, critical theories of marketisation and the concept of micro‐political practices within schools, this paper presents analysis of student survey data (N = 9055) from 82 secondary schools in Wales. It examines the role of socioeconomic composition, social relationships at school and institutional priorities in mitigating or perpetuating health inequality. It finds that affluent schools were most unequal in terms of student health behaviours and subjective wellbeing. In relation to health behaviours, students from affluent families accrue a disproportionate benefit. For wellbeing, students from poorer families reported lower subjective wellbeing where attending more affluent schools. Student–staff relationships appear to be a key mechanism underpinning these effects: poor relationships with staff were predicted by a pupil's position within schools’ socioeconomic hierarchy and associated with worse health outcomes. That is, students from the poorest families reported better relationships with teachers where attending less affluent schools. Universal approaches engaging with these social processes are needed to reduce health inequalities.     

英国研究生资助体系的形成、发展及启示

英国的研究生资助体系起源于一战期间的国家需要,最终形成于20世纪60年代,在组织和制度上依托于科研资助机构,保证了人才培养和科学研究的紧密结合。21世纪以来,英国逐渐提高了研究生资助标准,形成了公开竞争、整体拨款、研究账户、项目助学等多种资助方式,对我国研究生教育改革具有借鉴意义。     

园本教研制度建设应注意的几个问题

近年来,基础教育领域掀起了＂园本教研制度建设＂的热潮,许多幼儿园在园本教研制度建设方面作了一些有益的尝试和努力。为建立科学、有效的教研制度,在建设过程中应注意把握以下几个问题：尊重教研传统、反映共同价值、避免泛制度化、体现园本特色。     

中国青年人生价值观初探

为了考察当代青年人生价值观的新变化,对高中生、大学生以及在职青年三个阶段的当代青年进行了人生价值观的调查,使用白编问卷,包括七个维度：物质享受取向、名誉地位取向、自我实现取向、轻松安逸取向、人际和谐取向、社会公益取向、信仰依从取向。结果发现：当代青年人总体来说是积极向上的,他们特别看重自我实现和人际家庭;男青年对名誉地位的重视程度显著高于女青年;在职青年对经济物质的重视程度显著高于大学生和高中生。