开源软件在图书馆的应用研究

文章简要介绍了开源软件及其发展优势,分析并例举了开源软件在图书馆的典型应用,指出开源软件在图书馆应用中应注意的问题,并就如何选择符合需求的开源软件进行了初步的分析。     

图书馆开源软件的技术特点分析与启示——以Koha3.22为例

对图书馆开源软件Koha的专业特点和技术特征进行了深入全面的介绍,以Koha为例挖掘了开源软件技术与应用的优缺点,探索我国图书馆开源软件的可行性,通过分析开源图书馆软件在国外的发展动力,对我国图书馆开源软件的发展提出建立人才、技术、知识储备的路径。     

开源软件在我国图书馆应用的研究

文章介绍了开源软件在我国图书馆建设中的积极影响、我国图书馆应用开源软件的现状、应用中存在的问题,最后对我国图书馆使用开源软件提出了建议.     

将开源软件应用于教育

开源软件应用于教育在相当一部分国家已经被广泛接受,而在国内教育中的应用却少有先例.本文首先给出了开源软件的相关概念,接着介绍了常用的开源软件,最后给出了在我国教育事业中推进使用开源软件的建议.     

网站构建中开源软件许可分析

本文对开源软件许可最著名的版权协议之一--GNU GPL的本质和规则进行了探讨,并分析了OSI开源软件发布规制及开放源代码价值体现.最后,论文介绍了GPL的发展,并分析了开源软件面临的障碍及发展经验的汲取.     

Android开源手机与知识产权保护浅析

"开源操作系统越来越广泛地被应用于手机。其中,谷歌公司的Android开源手机操作系统正在得到市场的普遍认可。本文介绍了开源系统、软件的背景和特点,简述了Android系统平台的架构特点和软件开发模式,分析了Android平台涉及的知识产权相关问题,阐述了基于Android系统的软件开发模式和著作权法、合同法对软件的保护。本文最后分析了因为开源软件的专利权导致的公司之间和来自相同开发社区内部的矛盾,在结论部分总结了知识产权法律对Android开源软件的著作权保护。"     

基于开放平台构建企业应用

本文介绍了开放平台的概念,通过对开放平台和非开放平台的比较,论证了开放平台的安全性、稳定性和可靠性,提出了基于开源软件的企业应用解决方案,探讨了开源软件的模式对企业应用开发项目的启发。     

基于开源软件的企业应用平台的搭建

开源软件对于构建三层和多层体系结构的信息系统具有明显的优势。本文从企业应用的角度，介绍了搭建应用平台的软件框架、开源软件搭建应用平台的技术和方法，对其中的J2EE中间件技术进行了详细分析。实践表明，基于开源软件的平台搭建具有稳定性高、构建快、易于移植、维护等特点．     

论开源软件在高校数字化图书馆网络系统安全监控中的应用

随着计算机网络技术的普及,各高校数学化图书馆也随着蓬勃发展。网络系统安全问题也日显突出,建立一个安全、稳定的网络系统安全监控体系极其重要。开源软件由于其自身的各种特点,被各高校广泛采用。本文通过对开源软件的介绍,提出了高校数字化图书馆网络系统的安全面临着许多潜在的威胁,并分析了开源软件在网络系统安全监控下的具体应用。     

开源软件的知识产权研究

在开源软件被普遍接受的今天,开源软件的使用引发了一系列的矛盾。本文从开源软件的起源与其出现的初衷说起,分析了开源软件与目前知识产权保护制度之间的兼容与冲突。同时,通过对多个开放源码许可协议的研究,预测了开源软件知识产权保护制度未来的发展走向。     

Open source software development—Just another case of collective invention?

Do open source software (OSS) projects represent a new innovation model? Under what conditions can it be employed in other contexts? “Collective invention” regimes usually ended when a dominant design emerged. This is not the case with OSS. Firstly, the OSS community developed the institutional innovation of OSS licenses enabling OSS software to survive as a common property. Secondly, these licenses are mainly enforced by pro-socially motivated contributors. We characterize the conditions under which OSS communities develop and sustain pro-social commitments. We point out the vulnerability of these conditions to developments in patent legislation.     

Relationships between open source software companies and communities: Observations from Nordic firms

This paper deals with the relationships between firms and communities in open source software (OSS). A particular feature of OSS is that important resources are not directly controlled by firms, but partly reside within communities that co-exist with the firms. Despite this, firms explicitly try to utilize the resources within these communities in order to create and appropriate value. Consequently, the relationships that firms have to these communities influence their way of doing business. Based on case studies of Nordic OSS firms, a typology consisting of symbiotic, commensalistic, and parasitic approaches to handle the firm-community relationship is developed. Depending on the chosen approach, firms encounter different managerial issues and also use different operational means of subtle control. While firms relying on a symbiotic approach have greater possibility to influence the community through subtle means of control, they are also confronted with more challenging managerial issues.     

From closed to open: Job role changes,individual predispositions,and the adoption of commercial open source software development

When trying to attain the benefits of open source software (OSS), proprietary closed source software (PCSS) firms are struggling to adopt this radically different practice of software development. We approach these adoption challenges as a problem of gaining support for organizational innovation. Through a mixed-method research design consisting of qualitative interviews and a survey of employees of a large telecommunications firm, we find that the organizational innovation to commercially engage in OSS has different impacts on technical and administrative dimensions of different job roles. Accordingly, individuals enacting different job roles are—on average—more or less well aligned with the OSS practice and OSS processes per se. We find that individual-level attributes can counterbalance the job role changes that weaken support for adopting OSS, while perceived organizational commitment has no effect. Suggestions for PCSS firms are presented and implications for innovation literature are discussed.     

开源软件在教育信息化中的应用研究

阐述了OSS的现状及发展趋势,对其在教育信息化过程中的应用优势进行了分析,并对OSS的具体应用进行了实证研究,最后指出了OSS存在的一些问题。     

Acceptance of monetary rewards in open source software development

The open source software (OSS) movement thrives on innovation and volunteer effort of developers. Scholars have expressed widespread concern about the sustainability of the OSS movement due to high levels of volunteerism. In this paper, we address a central challenge to the sustainability of OSS-developers’ acceptance of monetary rewards. We strive to explain why some OSS developers accept monetary rewards and others do not. Viewed through the theoretical lens of the private-collective innovation model (0395 and 0400), this allows us to describe when developers will accept private financial rewards. Our main research objective is to clearly map the web of relationships between causal antecedents, and developers’ acceptance behavior. Using a unique dataset that combines survey and behavioral measures, we find that – (a) intention to accept monetary rewards mediates the impact of motivational elements on developers’ acceptance of monetary rewards; (b) intrinsic and extrinsic motivations positively affect their intention to accept monetary rewards, community motivation negatively impacts intention and ideological motivation does not affect the intention to accept rewards and (c) these effects are obtained even after inclusion of several control variables. The theoretical and managerial implications of our work are described.     

交互记忆系统对知识分享的影响机制研究——基于开源软件团队的检验

从交互记忆系统角度,研究了开源软件团队内部知识区别、知识位置、知识信任、沟通质量和知识分享之间的影响机制。通过问卷调查156位团队成员,验证了知识位置和知识信任对沟通质量有积极促进的作用;沟通质量正向影响知识分享;沟通质量完全中介知识位置和知识信任对知识分享的影响。上述结果弥补了现有研究中的一些空白并对开源软件团队的管理实践具有指导意义。     

Open innovation and within-industry diversification in small and medium enterprises: The case of open source software firms

This paper examines the within-industry diversification of software small and medium enterprises that collaborate with the open source software community (OSS SMEs). In doing so, it offers new insights into the association between open innovation and diversification. We rely on arguments inspired by the literature and evidence collected through interviews with OSS SMEs’ top managers to investigate factors that favor or hinder within-industry diversification. First, in line with the mainstream diversification literature, we focus attention on the role of firm size. Second, in the spirit of the open innovation research, we concentrate on the mechanisms that OSS SMEs put in place to get access to the external resources of the OSS community. Econometric evidence on 100 European OSS SMEs shows that firm size is negatively associated to within-industry diversification, while OSS SMEs that have contributed to a larger number of OSS projects have a more diversified portfolio of software products. Furthermore, we provide preliminary evidence that the practice of authorizing firm programmers to contribute autonomously to OSS projects of their own choice during working hours may be positively associated to within-industry diversification only if OSS SMEs possess adequate internal technological resources.     

开放源码软件与数字图书馆

The paper introduces Open Source Software(OSS)and its similarity to the library,discusses the benefits of and the problems in using OSS in the digital library, and lists the impact of OSS on librarians.     

开源软件商业模式结构化分析研究

随着开源软件的普及与发展,与之相关的商业模式呈现多样化态势。基于商业模式与软件本身的紧密程度,对11种商业模式进行结构化分析,并将其归纳为四大类:许可证类、直接配套类、间接配套类以及附属产品类。研究表明:(1)直接配套类商业模式的种类比许可证类、间接配套类以及附属产品类均多;(2)企业常采用多种开源软件商业模式的组合策略;(3)不同商业模式所用许可证类别具有很大的差别,大量开源软件逐渐从选择限制性许可证转向宽松许可证。     

A systematic examination of knowledge loss in open source software projects

Context Open Source Software (OSS) development is a knowledge focused activity which relies heavily on contributors who can be volunteers or paid workers and are geographically distributed. While working on OSS projects contributors acquire project related individualistic knowledge and gain experience and skills, which often remains unshared with others and is usually lost once contributors leave a project. All software development organisations face the problem of knowledge loss as employees leave, but this situation is exasperated in OSS projects where most contributors are volunteers with largely unpredictable engagement durations. Contributor turnover is inevitable due to the transient nature of OSS project workforces causing knowledge loss, which threatens the overall sustainability of OSS projects and impacts negatively on software quality and contributor productivity.ObjectiveThe objective of this work is to deeply and systematically investigate the phenomenon of knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects as presented in the state-of-the-art literature and to synthesise the information presented on the topic. Furthermore, based on the learning arising from our investigation it is our intention to identify mechanisms to reduce the overall effects of knowledge loss in OSS projects.MethodologyWe use the snowballing methodology to identify the relevant literature on knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects. This robust methodology for a literature review includes research question, search strategy, inclusion, exclusion, quality criteria, and data synthesis. The search strategy, and inclusion, exclusions and quality criteria are applied as a part of snowballing procedure.Snowballing is considered an efficient and reliable way to conduct a systematic literature review, providing a robust alternative to mechanically searching individual databases for given topics.ResultKnowledge sharing in OSS projects is abundant but there is no evidence of a formal strategy or practice to manage knowledge. Due to the dynamic and diverse nature of OSS projects, knowledge management is considered a challenging task and there is a need for a proactive mechanism to share knowledge in the OSS community for knowledge to be reused in the future by the OSS project contributors. From the collection of papers found using snowballing, we consolidated various themes on knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects and identified 11 impacts due to knowledge loss in OSS projects, and 10 mitigations to manage with knowledge loss in OSS projects.ConclusionIn this paper, we propose future research directions to investigate integration of proactive knowledge retention practices with the existing OSS practices to reduce the current knowledge loss problem. We suggest that there is insufficient attention paid to KM in general in OSS, in particular there would appear to an absence of proactive measures to reduce the potential impact of knowledge loss. We also propose the need for a KM evaluation metric in OSS projects, similar to the ones that evaluate health of online communities, which should help to inform potential consumers of the OSS of the KM status on a project, something that is not existent today.