Defining and Measuring College and Career Readiness: A Validation Framework

This article reviews the intended uses of these college‐ and career‐readiness assessments with the goal of articulating an appropriate validity argument to support such uses. These assessments differ fundamentally from today's state assessments employed for state accountability. Current assessments are used to determine if students have mastered the knowledge and skills articulated in state standards; content standards, performance levels, and student impact often differ across states. College‐ and career‐readiness assessments will be used to determine if students are prepared to succeed in postsecondary education. Do students have a high probability of academic success in college or career‐training programs? As with admissions, placement, and selection tests, the primary interpretations that will be made from test scores concern future performance. Statistical evidence between test scores and performance in postsecondary education will become an important form of evidence. A validation argument should first define the construct (college and career readiness) and then define appropriate criterion measures. This article reviews alternative definitions and measures of college and career readiness and contrasts traditional standard‐setting methods with empirically based approaches to support a validation argument.     

大学新生网络使用行为调查研究——以上海某高校为例

采用自编网络使用行为情况调查问卷和网络成瘾量表(IAT)对上海某高校1954名大学新生进行调查,结果表明:(1)大学新生首选手机作为上网工具,其次是笔记本电脑、平板电脑、台式电脑和其他设备;(2)89.3%的大学新生网龄达4年以上;(3)将近70%的大学新生每天在网络上花2小时以上;(4)超过一半的大学新生使用网络时主要用于聊天、搜索信息、听音乐、看视频,女生的比例均高于男生;(5)17.3%的大学新生网络成瘾。     

正视与拯救——析防范与走出网瘾

大学生网络成瘾已经成为大学校园越来越突出的问题,它严重影响到了大学生的身心健康、学校教学秩序以及学校对学生的培养目标的实现,大学生网络成癌成为大学亟待解决的问题,作者结合个人学生管理工作经验,试图从网癌的危害、预防网瘾、走出网癌这几个方面提出个人一些见解,为学校解决大学生网瘾问题提供参考。     

大学生网络使用与网络成瘾的关系研究

大学生网络成瘾现象日益引起学校和社会的关注,对294名大学生的网络使用和网络成瘾的调查表明:大学生最常使用的网络服务是信息查询、电子邮箱、多媒体娱乐等,主要的上网动机是获取信息、娱乐和学习;有2%的大学生有严重的网络成瘾症状,31.3%的大学生有轻微成瘾症状;网络使用与网络成瘾有显著相关,上网时间过长及较多使用网上聊天I、CQ、网络游戏和多媒体娱乐的人更容易出现网络成瘾症状。     

Facilitating College Students' Recovery Through the Use of Collegiate Recovery Programs

This article describes an untapped resource that counselors can use to help serve the multiple needs of college students recovering from addiction: collegiate recovery programs. The authors provide detailed information about the collegiate recovery population and give examples of successful programs. Implications for future research are discussed, and suggestions are provided for facilitating student recovery and advocating for collegiate recovery programs.     

Effectiveness of Short Term Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training in College Students with Cluster B Personality Disorders

This pilot project investigates the efficacy of an 11-week dialectical behavior therapy skills training class in increasing adaptive skill use and emotion regulation in college students with cluster B personality disorders or traits. Subjects are students (N?=?19, mean age = 21.31, 1 male, 18 female) at a southeastern university counseling center. Students meeting criteria but not interested in attending the group were recruited to serve as control subjects who received treatment as usual. As compared to treatment as usual, dialectical behavior therapy participants had significant improvement in increasing skills use and decreasing maladaptive coping skills; there was a trend for improvement in difficulty regulating emotions.     

Measuring the Transfer of Training

This study examined the use of self-report to measure training transfer by comparing three training transfer assessment methods. Applying a framework provided by instructional alignment theory, the study tested the hypothesis that if training transfer is measured by assessment methods that vary in their degree of alignment with the post-training learning assessment, the training transfer scores would be higher as the degree of alignment increased. Instructional alignment is the extent to which stimulus conditions match across instructional components: intended outcomes, instructional processes, and assessment. Three training transfer assessments were administered to 40 telecommunications technicians approximately 60 days after they completed a training course. The moan transfer score for the job performance assessment with high alignment was significantly higher than the two self-report assessments of moderate and low alignment with effect size differences of 0.96 (p < .01) and 0.87 (p < .01), respectively. The mean scores for the two self-report assessments did not significantly differ. This study has implications for the extensive use of self-report to assess training transfer in both research and training evaluation programs.     

升本院校贫困生心理健康状况与社会支持关系的研究

目的:了解升本院校贫困生的心理健康状况及社会支持的情况.方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对138名贫困生进行调查.结果:升本院校贫困生中有22.5%被检出有明显心理问题;贫困生社会支持状况与他们的心理健康密切相关;贫困生普遍在支持利用度上得分偏低.结论:升本院校贫困生的心理健康状况不容乐观,贫困生的社会支持状况有待改善.     

内蒙古大学生网络使用和网络成瘾状况的调查报告

互联网技术的高度发展为人们的生活、学习和工作带来了方便,但也导致一些用户无节制地使用网络,影响其工作和学习,损害身心健康。“网络成瘾”日益成为国内外心理学家研究的重点之一。大学生作为互联网使用的主要群体,他们的心理行为发展已经深深地打上了互联网的烙印。内蒙古作为我国5个少数民族自治区之一,该地区大学生网络使用和网络成瘾又处于何种状况呢？本研究通过问卷对内蒙古1357名在校本科大学生进行了调查。研究结果表明,内蒙古大学生基本能够科学、合理、健康地使用网络;大学生网络成瘾群体和正常群体在网络使用上存在显著差异。     

Effects of training self-assessment and using assessment standards on retrospective and prospective monitoring of problem solving

Both retrospective and prospective monitoring are considered important for self-regulated learning of problem-solving skills. Retrospective monitoring (or self-assessment; SA) refers to students' assessments of how well they performed on a problem just completed. Prospective monitoring (or Judgments of Learning; JOLs) refers to students' judgments about how well they will perform on a (similar) problem on a future test. We investigated whether secondary education students' SA accuracy could be improved by training (Experiment 1 and 2), or by providing assessment standards (Experiment 2), and whether this would also affect the accuracy of JOLs. Accurate assessment of past performance might provide a good cue for judging future performance. Both Experiment 1 and 2 showed no effect of training on SA or JOL accuracy, but SA and JOLs were positively correlated with each other and negatively with effort. Providing standards did improve SA and JOL accuracy on identical problems, and performance on all problems.     

Does spatial awareness training affect anatomy learning in medical students?

Spatial ability (SA) is the cognitive capacity to understand and mentally manipulate concepts of objects, remembering relationships among their parts and those of their surroundings. Spatial ability provides a learning advantage in science and may be useful in anatomy and technical skills in health care. This study aimed to assess the relationship between SA and anatomy scores in first- and second-year medical students. The training sessions focused on the analysis of the spatial component of objects' structure and their interaction as applied to medicine; SA was tested using the Visualization of Rotation (ROT) test. The intervention group (n = 29) received training and their pre- and post-training scores for the SA tests were compared to a control group (n = 75). Both groups improved their mean scores in the follow-up SA test (P < 0.010). There was no significant difference in SA scores between the groups for either SA test (P = 0.31, P = 0.90). The SA scores for female students were significantly lower than for male students, both at baseline and follow-up (P < 0.010). Anatomy training and assessment were administered by the anatomy department of the medical school, and examination scores were not significantly different between the two groups post-intervention (P = 0.33). However, participants with scores in the bottom quartile for SA performed worse in the anatomy questions (P < 0.001). Spatial awareness training did not improve SA or anatomy scores; however, SA may identify students who may benefit from additional academic support.     

Distress Tolerance Skills for College Students: A Pilot Investigation of a Brief DBT Group Skills Training Program

This report outlines the evaluation of a brief dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) group skills training program for students presenting with serious psychological concerns (referral reasons included suicidality, self-injury, and substance use). Students were enrolled in distress tolerance groups ranging from 7–10 weeks. The majority of the students in the sample were receiving psychiatric medication, individual therapy, or both. All students (N = 22) demonstrated significantly improved scores on measures of emotion regulation and functional and dysfunctional coping. These results are the first to show that targeted skills training with DBT mindfulness and distress tolerance skills can produce beneficial outcomes in college students in the context of a short-term intervention.     

害羞大学生社会支持与网络成瘾的关系

以在校大学生649人为被试,采用《害羞量表》、《中文网络成瘾量表》和《社会支持评定量表》进行问卷调查,考察害羞大学生网络成瘾、社会支持的状况,分析害羞对网络成瘾的影响,以及社会支持对害羞学生网络成瘾易感性的可能的中介作用。研究结果表明:害羞、社会支持和网络成瘾各维度之间两两显著相关;社会支持、网络成瘾各维度在害羞组和非害羞组之间均差异显著;大学生害羞程度对其社会支持和网络成瘾有显著的预测作用,社会支持在害羞与网络成瘾之间起着完全中介作用。     

Can High School Achievement Tests Serve to Select College Students?

Postsecondary schools have traditionally relied on admissions tests such as the SAT and ACT to select students. With high school achievement assessments in place in many states, it is important to ascertain whether scores from those exams can either supplement or supplant conventional admissions tests. In this study we examined whether the Arizona Instrument to Measure Standards (AIMS) high school tests could serve as a useful predictor of college performance. Stepwise regression analyses with a predetermined order of variable entry revealed that AIMS generally did not account for additional performance variation when added to high school grade-point average (HSGPA) and SAT. However, in a cohort of students that took the test for graduation purposes, AIMS did account for about the same proportion of variance as SAT when added to a model that included HSGPA. The predictive value of both SAT and AIMS was generally the same for Caucasian, Hispanic, and Asian American students. The ramifications of universities using high school achievement exams as predictors of college success, in addition to or in lieu of traditional measures, are discussed.     

Initial Characteristics and Mentoring Satisfaction of College Women Mentoring Youth: Implications for Training

Being a youth mentor is popular among college students, yet little is known about how their initial characteristics are related to mentoring satisfaction. Survey data from college women enrolled in a youth mentoring program (n = 158) and a comparison group (n = 136) were analyzed to determine how initial characteristics of youth mentors (a) differ from comparisons and (b) are associated with mentors’ satisfaction. Mentors reported higher autonomy, cultural sensitivity, and lower depression pre-participation than the comparison group, and their pre-participation GPA, cognitive empathy, and depression predicted post-participation mentoring satisfaction. Implications for mentor training are discussed.     

Double Visions: Educational Technology in Standards and Assessments for Science and Mathematics

For educational technology integration in content disciplines to succeed, teachers and teacher educators need clear standards delineating why, how, where, and how much educational technology they should include in their teaching. This paper examines the visions offered by current science, mathematics, and educational technology standards for educational technology integration in K-12 schools. Since national assessments exert a profound influence on what teachers and students choose to teach and learn, the vision of educational technology use supported by national assessments is also examined. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Standards (NCTM, 2000. Principles and Standards for School Mathematics. Retrieved April 6, 2002 from http://standards.nctm.org), the National Science Education Standards (National Research Council (NRC) 1996. National Science Education Standards. Available at http://books.nap.edu/catalog/4962.html), and the National Educational Technology Standards (International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) 2000. National Educational Technology Standards for Students: Connecting Curriculum and Technology, ISTE, Eugene, Oregon) provide different visions of educational technology use in the classroom. In addition, the current technology use policies for national assessments in science and mathematics, in particular the college admission tests (ACT, SAT I and SAT II subject area tests), Advanced Placement (AP) course assessments, and the Praxis Series assessments indicate that while mathematics assessments often recommend or require the use of educational technology, few science assessments permit the use of educational technology by students. Recommendations are offered for science educators regarding teacher preparation for the technology-rich classrooms of the future.     

借鉴美国社区学院经验的思考

美国的社区学院具有把为社区服务作为最高宗旨、具备为社区服务的多种职能、适应能力强、管理模式务实高效等特点,对社区发展起到了促进的作用。借鉴美国社区学院的经验,对我国高职教育的发展有着积极意义。针对存在的问题,我国高职教育必须建立管理体系,整合和优化各地教育资源,形成良性的高职教育投融资机制,以就业为导向,走学历教育与职业培训并重、产学结合的路子。     

Randomized Trial of Web-Based Stress Management Interventions for Community College Students

Community college students may experience more severe psychological concerns than traditional university students and have fewer institutional mental health resources available. This replication study examined the efficacy of three versions of a brief, structured web-based stress management program with community college students. The program focuses on improving perceptions of control over stressors, based on research suggesting that focusing on what you can control in the present (i.e., present control) is associated with less distress and better adjustment. Participants (N = 213 community college students) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: present control intervention (PCI), PCI with enhanced stress logs (E-PCI) or PCI with mindfulness training (PCI + MF). They completed web-based, self-report measures at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-week follow-up. Participants in all three intervention conditions demonstrated reductions in perceived stress and distress symptoms from pre-intervention to post-intervention and 3-week follow-up. In the PC+ MF group, the mean-within group effect size was d = ?0.46, which was slightly larger than the PCI group (d = ?0.36) and E-PCI group (d = ?0.41). This study replicated that present control interventions are effective in a community college sample. Community college students may benefit from web-based interventions designed to increase present control.     

Alcohol Use,Psychopathology, and Treatment Utilization in a University Mental Health Clinic

In the general population, alcohol use disorders and psychiatric disorders co-occur. Despite ample evidence of the adverse effects of alcohol use on treatment outcomes, these relationships have not been examined among college students presenting at counseling centers. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of hazardous drinking among students receiving counseling at a university counseling center and to examine relationships between alcohol use, symptomatology, and treatment utilization. Participants were 214 students who had terminated therapy within a 3-year period. Intake assessments of alcohol use, anxiety, depression, and perceived stress were harvested from client files. Analyses indicated that 33% of the sample screened positive for hazardous alcohol use. Findings provided preliminary evidence that hazardous drinking is negatively related to both mental health and treatment utilization in university clinics. In light of this association, coupled with high base rates of risky alcohol use among college students, university counseling centers might consider implementing screening and brief intervention for hazardous drinking.     

大学生网瘾现状分析及防治

网络媒体的飞速发展,给我们的学习、工作、生活增添了许多新的方式和内容。作为当代大学生,他们利用网络获取了大量资源和信息,开阔了视野。但也有一些人经不住网络的诱惑,上网成瘾。其原因主要有大学生自身的因素,也有家庭、学校、社会等外部因素。防治网络成瘾可从学校、家庭、社会等多方面着手,具体可采取积极引导、寻求帮助和外力监督等方法。