绘本阅读对幼儿发展的影响

绘本作为被世界公认的最适合幼儿阅读的图书,以其夸张的想象,充满童趣的笔触,新鲜的事物以及符合儿童的情感、审美、思维模式等方式促进着儿童的健康发展。绘本在儿童的发展中扮演着极其重要的角色。从幼儿的认知、情感、社会性的发展等方面展开来探究绘本对幼儿的影响,并从中总结出绘本的重要之处,以便于教师及家长能较好地通过绘本来对幼儿进行科学的教育,以促进儿童健康的成长。     

The impact of shared book reading on children's language skills: A meta-analysis

Shared book reading is thought to have a positive impact on young children's language development, with shared reading interventions often run in an attempt to boost children's language skills. However, despite the volume of research in this area, a number of issues remain outstanding. The current meta-analysis explored whether shared reading interventions are equally effective (a) across a range of study designs; (b) across a range of different outcome variables; and (c) for children from different SES groups. It also explored the potentially moderating effects of intervention duration, child age, use of dialogic reading techniques, person delivering the intervention and mode of intervention delivery.Our results show that, while there is an effect of shared reading on language development, this effect is smaller than reported in previous meta-analyses ($\bar{g}$ = 0.194, p = .002). They also show that this effect is moderated by the type of control group used and is negligible in studies with active control groups ($\bar{g}$ = 0.028, p = .703). Finally, they show no significant effects of differences in outcome variable (ps ≥ .286), socio-economic status (p = .658), or any of our other potential moderators (ps ≥ .077), and non-significant effects for studies with follow-ups ($\bar{g}$ = 0.139, p = .200). On the basis of these results, we make a number of recommendations for researchers and educators about the design and implementation of future shared reading interventions.     

Eye movements in shared book reading with children from kindergarten to Grade 4

Previous studies have revealed that preschool-age children who are not yet readers pay little attention to written text in a shared book reading situation (see Evans & Saint-Aubin, 2005). The current study was aimed at investigating the constancy of these results across reading development, by monitoring eye movements in shared book reading, for children from kindergarten to Grade 4. Children were read books of three difficulty levels. The results revealed a higher proportion of time, a higher proportion of landing positions, and a higher proportion of reading-like saccades on the text as grade level increased and as reading skills improved. More precisely, there was a link between the difficulty of the material and attention to text. Children spent more time on a text that was within their reading abilities than when the book difficulty exceeded their reading skills. This research was supported by grants from the Canadian Language and Literacy Research Network (CLLRNet) to Jean Saint-Aubin and to Mary Ann Evans. This article was part of Annie Roy-Charland doctoral exam.     

家庭亲子教育中绘本阅读运用的现状调查与分析

绘本阅读视觉化的特点迎合了儿童表象思维活跃的特征,在家庭教育中绘本阅读越来越受到家长的重视,本研究采用问卷调查法对某市3-6岁幼儿家长发放的有效问卷214份进行了运用情况分析,针对存在的问题提出了建议。     

The link between text difficulty,reading speed and exploration of printed text during shared book reading

In the current study the reading speed of the narration and the difficulty of the text was manipulated and links were explored with children’s attention to the printed text in shared book reading. Thirty-nine children (24 grade 1 and 15 grade 2) were presented easy and difficult books at slow (syllable by syllable) or fast (adult reading speed) pace while their eye movements were monitored. Results revealed an interaction between speed and difficulty. For the easy and difficult books, children spent more time and made more fixations on the printed text when it was presented at slow speed than at fast speed. However, at fast speed, children spend more time and made more fixations on the text of the easy rather than the difficult books, but at slow speed no difference was observed. In addition, at slow speed positive correlations were observed between attention to print and letter knowledge and word reading skills. Results provide important information for the practice of shared book reading suggesting that to increase attention to print, speed should be reduced. Future research should investigate the role of reading speed on reading related outcomes such as discourse comprehension and children’s interest in reading activities.     

试论图画书中的细节

图画书是一种文字和图画共同传达信息的复合文本,图画书中充满了各种各样的细节。这些细节中,有些是画家发挥想象对纯文字故事的提升,通过图画扩展文字的空间,充分运用图画的表现力展示文字无法描述的光与影、时间与空间、人物动作与表情等多方面的细节;有些是图画作者在原有故事基础上有意增添很多小角色、小故事,以吸引孩子们的注意力,给孩子发现的快乐和阅读的自信。     

Do swans really eat fudgesicles? (the picture book and child drama)

The city had never before and has never since witnessed such a celebration as that which greeted the adventurers on their return from the battle with Humbaba. A holiday was declared. All work ceased. Feasts were laid out everywhere, and the people went up and down the streets carrying standards and bright banners. The young and the old gathered in the family house and sat crosslegged while the two heroes told the story repeating it again and again and answering all the questions that were asked. Singers immediately made up long songs about the adventure; dancers acted it out; and scribes laboriously engraved it on stone, or pressed the words and letters into tablets of wet clay. Runners carried the clay tablets from city to city...Robert Barton and David Booth are respectively program consultant for the arts, Ministry of Education, Province of Ontario and drama consultant for the Borough of York in Metropolitan Tornoto. They are coauthors ofNobody in the Cast, a drama text for students;Film, a student handbook on the cinema and, soon to be publishedColours, an imaginative look at literature and language for 8–12 year olds.     

Features in children's counting books that lead dyads to both count and label sets during shared book reading

This study examined how book features influence talk during shared book reading. We used data from a study in which parent–child dyads (n = 157; child's M_age = 43.99 months; 88 girls, 69 boys; 91.72% of parents self-reported as white) were randomly assigned to read two number books. The focus was comparison talk (i.e., talk in which dyads count a set and also label its total), as this type of talk has been shown to promote children's understanding of cardinality. Replicating previous findings, dyads produced relatively low levels of comparison talk. However, book features influenced the talk. Books containing a greater number of numerical representations (e.g., number word, numeral, and non-symbolic set) and a greater word count elicited more comparison talk.     

Preschool children's exposure to story grammar elements during parent–child book reading

Twenty‐three preschool‐age children, 3;6 (years; months) to 4;1, were videotaped separately with their mothers and fathers while each mother and father read a different unfamiliar storybook to them. The text from the unfamiliar storybooks was parsed and coded into story grammar elements and all parental extratextual utterances were transcribed and coded for (1) their relationship to the story grammar elements found within the storybook, and (2) the natural strategies parents used to direct their children's attention to these elements. Children's overall exposure to story grammar elements during book reading was also explored for its relationship to their language abilities. Results indicated that parents focused significantly more on the resolution, attempt, and consequence compared to the initiating event and plan, and most frequently used the text and pictures as strategies for recruiting their children's attention to the story grammar elements within the book. In addition, the frequency of parental utterances related to story grammar elements was negatively correlated with children's language abilities. This study did not examine the complexity or depth of parental utterances related to story grammar elements. These findings provide initial evidence that children may derive their understanding of story grammar at least in part through their parents' extratextual discussions during parent–child book reading.     

Untangling the effects of shared book reading: Multiple factors and their associations with preschool literacy outcomes

Evidence strongly suggests that shared book reading at home and in preschool is important for young children's development of the foundational skills required for the eventual mastery of decoding and comprehension. Yet the nuances of how learning from book reading might vary across these contexts and with children's skills are not well understood. One hundred and thirty children participating in a longitudinal investigation of literacy development were videotaped reading a storybook with a parent. Children were also videotaped in their 33 preschool classrooms during the instructional book-reading portion of the day. Readings were coded for adult and child contextualized and decontextualized language relating to both decoding and meaning-making skills, and relations between this talk and emergent literacy outcomes were analyzed. Results demonstrate that parents and teachers overwhelmingly focus their book-related talk on meaning-related rather than code-related information, and that the relations between outcomes and talk depend in part on children's initial levels of vocabulary skills. Implications for practice and research are discussed.     

Developing interest in reading with film

Summary A specially designed motivational version of the filmKidnapped, using only a few interesting episodes, was more effective in motivating the withdrawal from school libraries of the book by the same title than a longer version which presented the whole story in condensed form. There was no reliable difference between the two film groups in the amount of reading done, but there was some indication that the motivational version stimulated boys to read more carefully, and a greater proportion of them therefore made higher scores on an objective test. The results of this experiment suggest that producers of classroom films in this particular field need to consider the possibility of making fewer general purpose films and developing more films around very specific objectives of teaching. One of these which needs attention is the problem of motivation covered by this study. In its program of excerpting feature films for school use, Teaching Film Custodians, the organization which developed the film materials used in this experiment, is moving in the direction of selecting shorter excerpts for meeting more specific teaching objectives. This study tests the bypothesis that a high-school teacher can do a more effective job in motivating students to read a book by using a film made up of only a few interesting episodes than a film which gives the complete story of the book. Mark A. May is professor of Educational Psychology, director of the Motion Picture Research Project of the Department of Education, and director of the Institute of Human Relations at Yale University. He is also president of the Board of Trustees of Teaching Film Custodians. Nelle Lee Jenkinson is assistant director of the Division of Audio-Visual Education of the St. Louis Public Schools.     

提高阅读兴趣的教学策略研究——国外关于阅读兴趣的研究给我们的启示

文章通过回顾20世纪60年代以来西方心理学家关于阅读兴趣研究的两大主题,兴趣对于阅读的影响和影响阅读兴趣的因素,得出结论,兴趣在回忆信息量和学习质量两方面对阅读有积极影响,教学特征、学生特征和阅读材料特征影响学生阅读的兴趣。在此基础上,文章还提出了在阅读教学中提高阅读兴趣的几点教学策略。     

家庭英文亲子阅读的绘本路径研究

由于越来越多的人们意识到英语语言学习在儿童期的重要性,越来越多的家长开始不惜重金把孩子送入昂贵的语言培训机构。殊不知,提高幼儿的英语语言能力在平时的家庭亲子阅读中就可以达成,家长可以以绘本阅读为路径,根据幼儿的年龄、性格引导幼儿进行阅读,并努力营造宽松愉悦的阅读环境,指导幼儿通过各种方式阅读、巩固所学,逐步培养听、说、读的语言技能,同时为写打下结实的基础。以此,从根本上培养幼儿的英语阅读兴趣,提高孩子的英语语言综合运用能力。     

The role of topic‐related background knowledge in visual attention to illustration and children's word learning during shared book reading

The purpose of this study was to examine how background knowledge of a topic may influence children's attention to different elements of storybook illustrations and how that influences word learning. Forty‐one kindergarten students were administered a test about a familiar topic (i.e., birds). Participants were then read either a fictional story about a familiar topic (birds) or a fictional story about a novel topic (wugs) on an eye‐tracker monitor. Results suggest that, for children who heard the familiar story, those who knew more about the category were faster to orient to the illustration of the novel word than children with lower background knowledge. Accordingly, children who were faster to orient to the illustration were more likely to learn the word. These results may suggest that one mechanism by which background knowledge improves implicit learning in shared‐book reading contexts is by guiding attention to the named elements of the illustrations.     

Parental involvement in reading remediation with young children

In an era of increasing educational need and decreasing resources, school psychologists must be aware of alternatives to school-based learning. This article reviews research on the effectiveness of parental involvement in improving elementary school-aged children's reading skills. Studies have shown that parents can contribute to the remediation and maintenance of children's reading ability, but that parents want and need training in specific methods of reading with their children. Direct Instruction and Paired Reading are presented as viable methods to teach parents of poor readers. The authors issue a call for further research comparing various home reading methods. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The influence of student learning characteristics on purchase of paper book and eBook for university study and personal interest

First-year university students (n = 199) completed an online questionnaire that queried their purchase of paper books and eBooks for university study and personal interest. The questionnaire also required students to rate their learning characteristics including reading strategies, study self-regulation, learning control beliefs and achievement motivation. Self-reported student learning characteristic scores were associated with self-reported book purchases. For example, as student extrinsic motivation scores increased, number of paper books purchased for university study tended to increase. As student learning control belief scores increased, purchase of eBooks for university study tended to increase. Collectively, such results lend support to the conclusion that education students who embrace emerging technologies such as eBooks and who read for leisure perceive themselves as more able learners than students who do not embrace emerging technologies such as eBooks and who do not read for leisure.     

传统和现代的完美融合——谈《团圆》成功之道及给原创图画书的启示

原创图画书《团圆》成功之处在于:处处彰显传统民族文化;将传统和现代完美融合;将浓浓儿童情趣贯穿全书.《团圆》的完美呈现带给原创图画书的启示是:美术方面可以采用独具中国特色的绘画艺术;故事的选材要有创新性;应该遵循幼儿的审美规律.