美国总统奥巴马的教育新政及启示

就职前后,美国总统奥巴马提出的教育新政具有如下内容:继承和改进布什总统成功的教育政策.加强对大学生经费资助,增加教育投资,打造高水平的师资队伍.通过与其他发达国家的比较,如下教育发展策略值得我国借鉴:确保优秀教师,实现教育公平;继承优良教育传统,开启创新能力教育;增加对教育投入;发展优质教育;引入吸收和创新教育方法.     

奥巴马的白宫一日

春日黎明,天刚蒙蒙亮,白宫西南角的二楼卧室里,奥巴马已经起床了。这个周三的早晨,总统夫人并不在白宫,她正赶往墨西哥进行第一次个人出访。奥巴马起身下床,走到楼上的私人健身房做了45分钟的运动,然后穿上黑色西装,打上军绿色领带。对奥巴马来说,这是一天当中唯一属于自己的时间。     

NCLB与布什政府的教育政策倾向

美国教育改革法案《不证一个孩子落伍法》的出台，标志着美国布什政府教育施政纲领的正式形成。文章大致地将这一教育改革法案出台的政策背景、法案的基本要旨作概括性地分析与评述，力图揭示美国现行教育政策所内含的价值与实践取向，以及它有可能给美国教育实践所带来的影响。     

The Spatialization of Racial Inequity and Educational Opportunity:Rethinking the Rural/Urban Divide

This analysis recounts and examines the history of American public education, focusing on the experiences of poor urban and rural students of color. Using the lens of critical race theory, it suggests that educational inequity is not just raced and classed but also spatialized—that is, embedded in and maintained through geography. The mechanisms of this spatialization similarly disadvantage rural and urban schools serving poor children of color, and educational reforms have failed to dismantle the relationship between inequity and geography. Offering a clearer understanding of today's inequities, this analysis shows that these schools should be seen less as opposites than as allies with a shared interest in expanding educational opportunity across geographies.     

政治演讲中的突出、认同感与权势关系——以巴拉克·奥巴马的上海演讲为例

本文从功能文体学角度,分析了美国总统奥巴马在中国上海与中国青年对话中发表的演讲,讨论了演讲者如何运用及物性系统中的各种过程、情态动词以及人称词汇的突出来建立他与听众之间的认同感同时又突出自己的权势。通过分析,我们可以更深刻地了解政治演讲中语言的突出、认同感与权势三者之间的关系,同时更深刻地了解政治家如何在演讲中操控语言,以使自己的演讲达到最优目的。     

奥巴马政府对东亚区域合作的认知与政策研究

近年来,东亚区域合作在经济、政治和安全等方面取得较快发展,东亚地区成为世界经济发展最为活跃的地区。奥巴马政府执政后,认识到加强与东亚地区的联系对于恢复和发展美国国内经济,维护美国在东亚地区的主导地位,平衡中国日益扩大的地区影响,防止美国被边缘化具有重要意义。为此,奥巴马政府希望通过参与东亚区域合作,推动TPP谈判,加强双边同盟关系的政策以达到参与、重塑、主导东亚区域合作进程的目的。奥巴马政府对东亚区域合作政策的调整削弱了区域合作的向心力,增加合作机制的复杂性,激化了地区矛盾,将对东亚区域合作的发展进程产生深远影响。     

艰难的时代,艰难的选择——奥巴马政府基础教育政策的两难抉择

奥巴马政府的教育政策是在艰难的时代面临的艰难选择.奥巴马政府在金融危机背景下,提出了振兴美国经济的教育政策主张,不仅旨在解决基础教育自身的危机,而且要使美国在知识经济时代继续引领全球.奥巴马政府的基础教育改革政策受到了不同的评价,是危机时代的产物,面临着禹难的境地.     

从语用学角度分析奥巴马演讲中使用第一人称I和we的不同含义

政治演讲作为当今世界上众多演讲形式中重要的一部分,越来越多的引起了语言学家的关注。其中政客们在演讲中对人称代词的使用也成为当今语言学研究里的一个重要课题。从语用学的角度来讲,不同的人称代词分别有不同的指代,同时对人称代词的选择往往蕴含着不同的含义。I和we是奥巴马演讲中最常用到的第一人称代词,在不同类型的演讲中,奥巴马是如何策略性的选择使用这两个第一人称代词的,以及这样的选择所蕴含的深意是该文的研究目标。     

A Slobbering Love Affair: The True (and Pathetic) Story of the Torrid Romance between Barack Obama and the Mainstream Media,by Bernard Goldberg

THE PSYCHOANALYTIC INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY. Edited by Benjamin B. Wolman. Foreword by Wiliam L. Langer. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1971; pp. x+240. $8.95.

PUBLIC OPINION AND HISTORIANS: INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES. Edited by Melvin Small. Detroit: Wayne State University, 1970; pp. 199. $7.95.

HISTORY AS SOCIAL SCIENCE. Edited by David S. Landes and Charles Tilly. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1971; pp. viii+ 152. paper $1.95.

THE POLITICAL IMAGE MERCHANTS: STRATEGIES IN THE NEW POLITICS. Edited by Ray Hiebert, Robert Jones, John Lorenz, and Ernest Lotito. Forewords by Lawrence O'Brien, Robert J. Dole and Rogers C. B. Morton. Washington, D. C.: Acropolis Books Ltd., 1971; pp. 312. $7.95; paper $4.95.

SOCIO‐CULTURAL DYNAMICS; AN INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL CHANGE. By Francis R. Allen. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1971; pp. x+396. $8.95.

TELEVISION STATION OWNERSHIP. Edited by Paul W. Cherington, Leon V. Hirsch and Robert Brandwein. New York: Hastings House Publishers, Inc., 1971; pp. 304. $12.50.

BROADCASTING AND GOVERNMENT: RESPONSIBILITIES AND REGULATIONS. (Second edition.) By Walter B. Emery. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1971; pp. viii+569. $12.50.

THE MEDIUM IS THE REAR VIEW MIRROR: UNDERSTANDING McLUHAN. By Donald F. Theall. Montreal: McGill‐Queen's University Press, 1971; pp. xviii+261. $8.75; paper $2.95.

READINGS IN ORGANIZATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY. Edited and with instructor's manual by Gary A. Yukl and Kenneth N. Wexley. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971; pp. viii+590. Paper $6.95.

PERSUASION THEORY AND PRACTICE. By Kenneth E. Andersen. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1971; pp. viii+386. $9.50.

COMMUNICATIVE VOICE AND ARTICULATION. By Bernard P. McCabe, Jr. Boston: Holbrook Press, 1970; pp. viii+215. $5.95.

MAKING YOUR MEANING EFFECTIVE. By Robert T. Oliver. Boston: Holbrook Press, Inc., 1971; pp. xii+267. $6.95.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS: VOICE AND PRONUNCIATION. By Mardel Ogilvie and Norma S. Rees. New York: McGraw‐Hill, 1969; pp. vii+274. $7.50.

TEACHING SPEECH. By Loren Reid. (Fourth Edition.) New York: McGraw‐Hill, 1971; pp. xiv+479. $9.50.

ANALYZING TEACHING BEHAVIOR. By Ned A. Flanders. Reading, Mass.: Addison‐Wesley Publishing Company, 1970; pp. xvi+ 448. $9.75.

LEARNING DIRECTORY, 1970–71. New York: Westinghouse Learning Corporation, 1970; 7 vols.; pp. 6681. $90.00.

INFORMATION SERVICES FOR ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION. By JB Lon Hefferlin and Ellis L. Phillips, Jr. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey‐Bass, 1971; pp. xiv+160. $6.50.

READERS THEATRE: TOWARD A GRAMMAR OF PRACTICE. By Joanna Hawkins Maclay. New York: Random House, 1971; pp. ix+110. Paper $2.50.

A HANDBOOK OF CREATIVE CHORAL SPEAKING. By Marjory Frances Brown‐Azarowicz. Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Company, 1971; pp. xi+148. Paper $3.95.

CARL THEODORE DREYER: FOUR SCREENPLAYS. Edited and with introduction by Ole Storm. Foreword by Carl Theodore Dreyer. Translated by Oliver Stallybrass. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970; pp. 312. $12.00; paper $3.95.

SHAW: SEVEN CRITICAL ESSAYS. Edited by Norman Rosenblood. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971; pp. xi+136. $6.00.

THE SHAKESPEAREAN STAGE: 1574–1642. By Andrew Gurr. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970; pp. ix+192. $9.50; paper $2.75.

SHAKESPEARE'S PLAYS TODAY: SOME CUSTOMS AND CONVENTIONS OF THE STAGE. By Arthur Colby Sprague and J. C. Trewin. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1971; pp. 147. $4.95.

PLAYWRITING: THE STRUCTURE OF ACTION. By Sam Smiley. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1971; pp. xiv+315. $7.95; paper $4.50.

PLAY DIRECTING: ANALYSIS, COMMUNICATION, AND STYLE. By Francis Hodge. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1971; pp. xiv+394. $8.95.

THE THEATRE AND ITS DRAMA: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES. By Ralph Borden Culp. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers, 1971; pp. ix+455. $8.50.

PLAYREADER'S REPERTORY: DRAMA ON STAGE. Edited by Melvin R. White and Frank M Whiting, Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1970; pp. 806. Paper $6.95.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SPEECH. By Harold M. Kaplan. (Second Edition.) New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Company, 1970; pp. x+528. $12.95.

CLEFT PALATE AND ITS ASSOCIATED SPEECH DISORDERS. By Charlotte G. Wells. New York: McGTaw‐Hill Book Company, 1971; pp. xii+308. $10.95.

ORGANIC VOICE DISORDERS. By G. Paul Moore. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1971; pp. xiii+161. $6.50.

FROM THE MANY TO THE ONE: A STUDY OF PERSONALITY AND VIEWS OF HUMAN NATURE IN THE CONTEXT OF ANCIENT GREEK SOCIETY, VALUES, AND BELIEFS. By A. W. H. Adkins. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1970; pp. xv+311. $8.50.

THE PASSIONS OF THE MINDE IN GENERALL. By Thomas Wright. Introduction by Thomas O. Sloan. Urbana: The University of Illinois Press, 1971; pp. xlix+377. $12.95.

LITERARY STYLE: A SYMPOSIUM. Edited by Seymour Chatman. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971; pp. xv+427. $12.50; paper $3.50.

CICERO'S LETTERS TO ATTICUS, INDICES TO VOLUMES I‐VI. By D. R. Shackleton Bailey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971; pp. 114. $7.50.

THE ORDERING OF THE ARTS IN EIGHTEENTH‐CENTURY ENGLAND. By Lawrence Lipking. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1970; pp. xiv+503. $12.50.

A CORNELL NOTEBOOK. By Raymond F. Howes. Ithaca: Cornell Alumni Association, 1971; pp. xv+201. $5.00.

THE FIRST SEX. By Elizabeth Gould Davis. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1971; pp. 382. $7.95.

WOMAN IN SEXIST SOCIETY: STUDIES IN POWER AND POWERLESSNESS. Edited by Vivian Gornick and Barbara K. Moran. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1971; pp. xxv+515. $12.50.

INDIAN ORATORY: FAMOUS SPEECHES BY NOTED INDIAN CHIEFTAINS. Edited by W. C. Vanderwerth. Foreword by William R. Carmack. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971; pp. xvii+292. $8.95.

THE FEAR OF CONSPIRACY, IMAGES OF UN‐AMERICAN SUBVERSION FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE PRESENT. Edited with commentary by David Brion Davis. Ithaca, N.Y.; Cornell University Press, 1971; pp. xxiv+369. $10.00.

BRECHT AND IONESCO: COMMITMENT IN CONTEXT. By Julian H. Wulbern. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971; pp. vi+250. $8.95.

TOWARD DRAMATIC ILLUSION: THEATRICAL TECHNIQUE AND MEANING FROM HARDY TO HORACE. By T. J. Reiss. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1971; pp. viii+212. $7.50.

THE DRAMATIC WORLD OF HAROLD PINTER: ITS BASIS IN RITUAL. By Katherine H. Burkman. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1971; pp. xvii+171. $8.00.

IBSEN: A BIOGRAPHY. By Michael Meyer. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday &; Company, 1971; pp. xxii+865. $12.95.

CHEKHOV IN PERFORMANCE: A COMMENTARY ON THE MAJOR PLAYS. By J. L. Styan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971; pp. vii+341. $14.50.

SAMUEL BECKETT, HIS WORKS AND HIS CRITICS: AN ESSAY IN BIBLIOGRAPHY. By Raymond Federman and John Fletcher. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970; pp. xiii+383. $15.00.

EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN THEATRE. Edited by David W. Addington and Allen N. Kepke. Bowling Green, Ohio: Center for Communications Research, 1971: pp. 60. $2.00.

THE MAKING OF FEATURE FILMS: A GUIDE. By Ivan Butler. Baltimore: Penguin Books Ltd., 1971; pp. 191. Paper $1.75.     

The Ecology of Educational Equity: Implications for Policy

Policy responses to disparities in education have proven to be largely inadequate in reducing persistent differences in academic outcomes, commonly referred to as the achievement gap. In this article, we identify some of the ways in which the fragmented nature of public policy generally, and education policy specifically, has contributed to the problem. We draw upon research from a variety of disciplines to argue that the most effective way to address the broad array of social and economic conditions impacting low-income children and their families is through the adoption of an ecological approach, similar to those used in public health. In order for education policies to promote equity in academic outcomes, they must explicitly address the ways in which race, class, language, and culture, as well as implementation processes, reproduce and reinforce disparities in academic achievement. We propose a new, comprehensive framework for equity-based education policy that makes it possible to respond to the social and economic factors that impact, and often undermine, efforts to improve academic outcomes. An analysis of California’s Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) and interviews with senior county leaders allows the authors to draw connections to the new policy framework, generating recommendations for strengthening education policies like LCFF.     

新自由主义与民族保守主义的钟摆交替:欧美国家国际学生流动政策的逻辑与演变

国际学生在一国发展中的战略地位毋庸置疑。在国际学生的招收和使用上,国家和政府不是被动的接收者,政府在国际学生的招收和使用方面扮演重要的建构性角色。通过梳理和解读国际学生流动政策和措施,文章进一步厘清了21世纪以来欧美发达国家国际学生流动政策背后的新自由主义和民族保守主义逻辑。欧美发达国家一方面意识到争夺国际学生对于在"全球人才竞赛"中增强国家竞争优势至关重要;另一方面为照顾本国日益消极的舆论和选民日益高涨的民族主义情绪,严格缩紧国际学生的移民签证。在不同阶段或者不同执政党领导时期,国际学生流动政策呈现出以国家利益为轴心,在新自由主义与民族保守主义之间来回摇摆的演变态势。如何在激烈的"全球人才竞赛"中保持优势与照顾到更加民族主义的国内舆论之间保持平衡,成为欧美国家国际学生流动政策的重点和难点。     

教育政策议程:两个向度的分析

教育政策议程是由教育问题上升到教育政策议题的过程。这一过程既体现着延续发展的简单性,又体现着各种要素相互作用的复杂性。教育政策议程集中体现在时间向度和空间向度两个层面,教育政策议程是一个按照不同层面排列的多维结构。因此,教育政策制定者应综合考虑各个维度的因素,以让教育政策效果最优化。     

教育政策活动中的价值问题

教育政策活动中,政策价值选择和价值实现往往面临许多矛盾和冲突,如结构与功能的矛盾、价值与事实的矛盾、强势与弱势的矛盾、利益与代价的矛盾等.这些矛盾冲突导致形成了教育政策活动中的主要价值问题,如政策选择的模式、政策决策的尺度、弱势补偿、政策代价等.认识、分析和解决这些问题,是保证教育政策获得合法性和有效性的前提.     

我国教育政策变迁研究

个人的成长或组织的工作几乎都与政府的教育政策有关,并且或多或少地受教育政策的影响和制约。教育政策从近处看可能关系到一个教育机构的成败兴衰,从长远来看,则关乎国家民族的兴盛或衰落。我国的教育发展过程是教育政策不断变迁的历史过程,也是教育政策研究不断完善的过程。     

教育科学与教育政策的关联性:一种知识社会学的视角

教育科学与教育政策之间有着密不可分的关系。社会高速发展对教育提出了更高的要求,教育科学的发展也在推动着社会进步,他们之间本质上是知识与社会的互动关系。文章从知识社会学的视角首先对教育科学与社会政策的关联性进行考察,随后分析了社会因素对研究成果选择的影响,最后从机制建设层面探讨了如何促进教育科学研究与教育政策制定的双向互动。     

教育政策运行中学生利益的表达

教育政策运行的过程也是教育利益在政府、学校与学生之间调整和分配的过程。教育利益调整是否合理以及分配是否公正,教育政策运行过程中的弱势者——学生的利益表达至关重要。从中国教育政策运行的现实看,学生的利益表达严重欠缺。这种利益的表达欠缺可以在教育政策的设计与执行上找到原因。要使教育政策运行中学生的利益得到充分、合理与有效的表达,听证制度的引入是一个重要的路径。