Learning Disability and Career Entry into the Sciences: A Critical Analysis of Attitudinal Factors

The present study examined the perceptions of 140 parents and 323 teachers regarding career entry into science and engineering for students with learning disabilities. Parents' and teachers' perceptions were assessed on the following eight variables: (a) facility access, (b) expense of accommodations, (c) role models, (d) teacher understanding of students' academic needs, (e) length of learning time, (f) student aptitude and educational preparation, (g) career guidance, and (h) employer attitudes. Results revealed that parents, significantly more than teachers, feel that teachers do not make the necessary effort to accommodate students with learning disabilities and that employers in the science and engineering fields are reluctant to hire persons with learning disabilities. Implications of the results for rehabilitation counselors working with learning disabled students interested in science and engineering are offered.     

学习障碍儿童的干预研究述评

学习障碍是一个比较新的、越来越受到关注的领域。近年来,我国开始重视学习障碍儿童的干预训练,从单一的采用某种干预模式到综合利用多种干预技术,在全纳中重视个别化教育的指导,加强学校教育和家庭教育的配合,对学习障碍儿童的干预训练提出了一些以后发展的方向。     

学习障碍的教育学意义探讨

正确认识学习障碍,不仅是教育学理论的需要,同时也是现代教育现实的需要,更是学习障碍者的需要。只有在教育领域正确认识学习障碍,推广和普及学习障碍的相关知识,对教师进行专业训练,才能促进和改善学习障碍者的学习和生活现状,帮助他们解决实际问题,真正实现教育的根本目标。     

学业不良研究的生态学取向:教育社会生态学模式的提出

本文通过分析当前我国教育改革所面临的问题 ,以及对学业不良成因研究概况和存在的不足的总结 ,提出以生态学取向的研究思路 :教育社会生态学模式 ,并提出具体的可操作的实施方案     

Quality of Life of Higher Education Students with Learning Disability Studying Online

This study examined how learning challenges encountered within online learning environments affected the quality of life of students with learning disability. A qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with eight students (mean _age = 33.75 years; SD = 8.15), revealed that learning challenges had consequences on students quality of life with regards to levels of stress/anxiety, self-esteem, time available for other activities, personal relationships and financial pressures. A notable finding was that these quality of life concerns were frequently associated with the extra time and effort students invested in their studies as a way of managing the learning challenges encountered. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of self-esteem previously reported for students with learning disability; and underscore the importance of minimising learning barriers, providing study accommodations, and providing multifaceted support programmes that address both academic and emotional/personal concerns.     

课程改革视野中的学习不良问题探讨

对学习不良学生的教育长期以来一直是教育中的难题。新课程改革倡导学生学习方式要有所改变,强调学生自主、合作、探究式的学习,要求教师在多元智力理论的指导下重新审视学生,并提出相应的教育对策,以期解决学习不良这一难题。     

外语学习障碍及其争议探究

外语学习障碍的概念在上世纪80年代提出,一直作为一种学习障碍被研究者关注,特别是在外语学习研究领域。这一概念在提出后就存在争议,争议的焦点在于如何定义和测量外语学习障碍,以及是否存在一种学习障碍叫做外语学习障碍。导致这些争议的原因主要来自学习障碍概念本身的争议和分歧,另外在外语学习障碍的定义和诊断上的问题也是导致争议的重要原因。对外语学习过程及其与母语习得之间差异的考察有助于我们重新认识外语学习障碍。     

A Collaborative-Comparative Approach to Learning Qualitative Data Analysis

ABSTRACT

The literature on qualitative research offers the novice two strategies for learning analysis: (1) “trust” that you will “somehow” make sense out of qualitative material, or (2) follow a predetermined set of analytic steps and stages. A problem with the first approach is that it does not take into account the wide variety of qualitative analysis projects researchers undertake or differences in how individuals approach the interpretation of qualitative material. A problem with the second approach is that it does not maximize the learning potential possible from making explicit and sharpening the learner's own interpretive framework. In this paper we describe a third alternative: a collaborative-comparative approach to analyzing qualitative materials. This approach uses a group-based model of learning and explicitly capitalizes upon differences in group member interpretive styles to enhance learning qualitative methods of research.     

On Becoming a Qualitative Researcher: A View Through the Lens of Transformative Learning

This article describes a graduate-level qualitative research course informed by transformational learning theory. It presents strategies an interdisciplinary team of instructors used to engage and support students as they entered and moved through the course. The strategies focused on creating a safe, supportive, learner-centered environment, fostering critical reflection, engaging in ongoing discourse, and focusing on the centrality of experience by situating cognition in the personal context of students' lives and the research process itself.     

学习障碍儿童自尊与成就动机的调查

为了解学习障碍（LD）儿童自尊与成就动机状况,通过问卷对LD儿童与普通儿童进行对比调查.结果表明,LD儿童的自尊与成就动机明显低于正常儿童,而且LD症状越严重,自尊与成就动机越低.同时,LD儿童自尊与成就动机呈正相关关系.     

学习不良儿童信息加工特点和影响因素研究

根据学习不良儿童筛选标准 ,采用认知研究范式 ,运用自然实验法和教育实验法 ,以及量表法和访谈法等 ,对 1 2 2名学习不良儿童信息加工特点和影响因素进行了实证研究 ,同时通过个案研究和调查研究进行了定性分析。研究结果表明 ,学习不良儿童属于异质群体 ,其实质在于信息加工存在缺陷 ,且可以从一般信息加工或基本心理过程障碍和社会信息加工过程障碍 ,来研究其学业和社会性困难的心理机制。这可以为制定科学的学习不良儿童干预和矫治方案提供心理学依据。     

从主观感受的角度对学习困难内涵的质的研究

用质的研究方法(范式)，从学生主观心理感受的角度对学习困难的内涵进行研究。认为：学习困难的内涵从主观感受上应包含“他人观念的学习困难”和“自我观念的学习困难”。它是与周围同伴相比而产生学习无能的“比较值”和“自我感觉”，表现为6种不同的类型，在个人身上可能一致，也可能不一致；学习困难具有发展性。随环境的变化而变化；质的研究方法与个案研究对学习困难的和理论研究和实践干预应有其独特的作用。     

学习不良儿童的家庭环境分析

儿童学习不良问题是目前困扰义务教育发展的一个重要问题。家庭环境有硬环境和软环境之分，硬环境比如家庭的成员结构、成员素质、资源分配、生活方式等，软环境比如家庭成员间的关系、父母的教养方式和态度、家庭功能等，这些因素都会对儿童学习不良造成不同程度的影响。改善学习不良儿童家庭环境的几点建议包括：（1）给予孩子积极关注；（2）创造良好的家庭心理环境；（3）改善家庭功能，明确角色定位；（4）与孩子共同学习、共同成长；（5）关注孩子的身心健康。     

普通高校学困生学业现状与致困因素分析——基于对西北某高校2009~2012级学生的调查

近年来随着普通高校招生规模的扩张,学业困难学生(简称"学困生")数量渐趋增加,不仅给大学生健康成长与自我发展带来障碍,也给教学与管理工作带来了极大不便和压力,更影响到了高校教育整体教学质量的提升.为全面了解学困生现状,采用访谈与问卷调查相结合的方法,对西北某高校2009~2012级学困生群体进行了调查,在全面考察学困生现状的基础上,重点从学生自身、家庭、社会、学校教学与管理等方面对学困生学业致困因素进行了深入分析,并提出一些有针对性的建议.     

美国学习不良概念的发展、问题及对策

学习不良概念自提出后一直存在争议。学习不良的正式定义和操作定义都存在一些问题。正式定义处于规定定义的发展水平,缺乏科学定义的两个关键元素——理解性和解释性。操作定义缺乏与正式定义的逻辑联系,变异性太大,在实际使用中也存在一些问题。针对学习不良的定义问题,研究者提出了不同的解决方法。     

Disability,Riding, and Identity: A Qualitative Study on the Influence of Riding on the Identity Construction of People with Disabilities

Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were used to examine the influence of riding on the identity construction of people with disabilities. The 15 participants, three men and 12 women, were between 15 and 65 years old and have various physical disabilities. The data analysis derives from identity theory, a social–psychological theory that understands identity as an interaction between the individual and society. The findings show that: the informants either acquire a new identity as a rider or they resume with the rider identity they had before their illness or accident; riding offers a link to their previous lives; and riding helps to focus on what the informants can do, and not, as this group is often viewed by society, on what they cannot do. The findings thus show that riding can influence the identity construction of people with disabilities.     

Assessment and Learning of Qualitative Physics in Newton's Playground

ABSTRACT

Digital games are very popular in modern culture. The authors are examining ways to leverage these engaging environments to assess and support student competencies. The authors examine gameplay and learning using a physics game they developed called Newton's Playground. The sample consisted of 167 eighth- and ninth-grade students who played Newton's Playground for about 4 hr over the course of 1.5 weeks. Findings include significant pretest–posttest physics gains, and significant relations between in-game indicators and learning.     

Interference, Inhibition, and Learning Disability: A Commentary on Dempster and Corkill

This paper examines the implications of Dempster and Corkill's Interference and Inhibition in Cognition and Behavior: Unifying Themes for Educational Psychology for the field of learning disabilities (LD). The LD concept has been anchored in assumptions that the condition is related to neurological dysfunction and psychological processing deficits. These concepts have proved problematic, and consequently, theoretical understanding of LD has been limited. The concepts of interference and inhibition offer two advantages for explaining LD. First, they suggest a different perspective about the nature of process deficits associated with LD. Second, they may be more confidently related to brain functioning. A more comprehensive view of LD is thus possible that may lead to enhanced understanding and explanation.     

数学学习障碍儿童解决不同性质问题的表征研究

问题表征是问题解决的关键.缺乏充分有效的问题表征也是数学障碍儿童的主要症结.问题性质不同,问题表征方式和时间也会不一样.数学障碍儿童在熟悉程度与难度各不相同的问题解决的表征过程中显示出了显著的差异.这也为我们的教育干预提供了充分的依据.     

西方关于学习困难学生的阅读理解策略教学研究

回顾了西方关于学习困难学生的阅读理解策略教学的兴起、现状和未来发展方向。重点从教学内容和教学方法两方面介绍了阅读理解策略教学的发展现状 ,并从中揭示出主体性、整体化和灵活性的发展特点。