美国大学防剽窃教育的主要特点及其启示

剽窃是世界各国学界存在的一个共同问题.剽窃行为的整治是一项系统工程,需要政府、社会、学界、大学和学人们的共同努力.美国学界虽然也存在着剽窃问题,但一般能够做到有效控制.所以如此,一个重要原因是得益于美国大学普遍重视防剽窃教育.本文介绍、分析了美国大学防剽窃教育的主要特点及其给我国大学进行类似教育所提供的一些启示.     

高校创新教育中现代信息技术的优势与应用

21世纪是信息时代也是知识时代,那么为了让学生能在未来社会中更好地立足,我们就要对学生创新,让学生养成以创新为荣、追求创新、推崇创新的意识,那么在进行创新教育的时候就需要利用现代信息技术,合理地引导、启发学生,从而激起学生创新意识,提高学生的创新思维能力,为国家培养出更多创新型人才。对此,本文将对高效创新教育进行阐述,分析现代信息技术在高校创新教育中的优势及应用方法、要求。     

高职高专学生英语课堂教学方法论

教师除传授知识外,更多的是要培养学生实践应用能力以及创新精神、协作精神等现代社会所需要的素质,因此教师不但要吃透教学内容,而且要对教学内容进行包装与设计。上课好比上战场,我们的知识如炮弹,一旦打不过去,对手就会马上反攻。知识炮弹如果能成功打过去,就会取得双赢状态,教师有成就感,学生也会茁壮成长。本文试图从以下几方面来探讨如何让高职高专学生更加投入到英语课堂当中。     

新课程改革下中学生数学创新能力的培养

“一个民族没有创造,就没有希望;一个国家没有创造,就没有前途。”以信息社会和市场经济为基本形态的21世纪,科学技术迅猛发展,现代数学渗透到各个领域。因此,数学教学应着重培养学生的创新意识和创新能力。对中学生来说,独立的发展去获取新知识、新方法、新思路、新见解、新组合、新用法等,都是一种创新。创新并非神秘莫测,高不可攀,也并非天才所独有,它是可以通过教育和培养发展的。这也是现代教育价值观的一个彻底的转变。如何进行创新能力的培养呢？     

坚持实施异步教学 提高历史教学质量

一、课题提出的背景 1．时代的要求。随着时代的发展,社会的进步,人类社会已经进入了一个以知识经济为基础的信息时代。那么,为适应知识经济对教育的要求,现代社会的教育目的就是要“培养会自主学习、会自主创造、会自主教育、会自主健身的,具有科学思维头脑和个体发展优势的全面发展的高素质创新人才,满足以知识经济为基础的信息社会对现代人的需求”,这就要求学校教育必须着眼于培养学生独立获取知识、运用知识的能力。因此,要更多地关注学生学习态度和习惯的培养,注重学习方法的训练,让他们学会自主学习,学会自主创造,学会自主教育,学会自主健身,以适应社会的需求。     

汽车中的物理学

人们对事物的发展规律总是在继承和不断的创新中认识的,知识如此,物质成果也是如此.汽车是现代社会物质文明的产物,它的产生、发展同样也是一个继承和创新的过程,它与现代人的生活密切相关,有关它的许多问题都跟物理知识有联系,本文以右图所示的现代轿车为例,浅析一下汽车中的物理学.     

汽车中的物理学

人们对事物的发展规律总是在继承和不断的创新中认识的，知识如此，物质成果也是如此。汽车是现代社会物质文明的产物，它的产生、发展同样也是一个继承和创新的过程，它与现代人的生活密切相关，有关它的许多问题都跟物理知识有联系，本文以右图所示的现代轿车为例，浅析一下汽车中的物理学。     

浅谈语文课堂合作学习时机的把握

“学会合作”已成为现代人生存的基本素质．也是现代教育的基本目标之一。合作学习是教学条件下的学习的组织形式．其意义在于让学生在学习中学会合作．在合作中感受到学习的乐趣、集体的力量和智慧。学会合作与学会知识同等重要,可以使学生从多角度看问题．培养学生的创新意识。合作学习的优势不言而喻,恰当地运用．会让我们的课堂充满生机、精彩纷呈,不加甄别地滥用．则会使它流于形式。课堂上．什么时候才是合作学习的最佳时机呢？怎样选择和把握合作学习的最佳时机呢？     

对语文口语教学的探讨

现代社会是一个多元化的、开放性的社会,它“要求公民具备良好的人文素养和科学素养,具备创新精神、合作意识和开放的视野,具备包括阅读理解与表达交流在内的多方面的基本能力……”《语文课程标准》的这段话,就明确地告诉我们：现代社会的人不能仅仅注重知识的积累,更要注重技能的发展。同时也启示我们语文教育者：语文教育不能只是传授知识,更应培养能力。在众多能力中,口语交际能力作为一项极为重要的内容,不得不引起大家的注意和思考。     

中宁县渠口移民小学英语教学现状分析与对策——以太阳梁第二小学为例

在英语愈加普及的现代社会,作为农村小学教育中的重要学科,英语为学生们带了全新的知识体系和文化冲击,同时不可忽视的是,作为相对闭塞的移民农村地区,英语学科教学中出现的种种问题不仅给学生们带来了学习困难,也让英语教师们产生了很多困惑。     

从著作权法考察学术抄袭及其治理

学术抄袭不仅违反了学术道德规范,而且也是一种学术侵权行为。遏制这种行为,不仅要在学术道德上自律,还要在法律制度上他律。从著作权法的角度对学术抄袭概念界定、学术抄袭的判定、产生的原因以及治理入手,全面分析学术抄袭现象,并提出强化学术管理,建立一个良好、规范的学术氛围,促进学术健康发展。     

Rebels without a clause: towards an institutional framework for dealing with plagiarism by students

This paper explores why an institutional framework for dealing with plagiarism by students is necessary and it outlines the main ingredients of such a framework that has been developed at Lancaster University. It defines plagiarism as a form of academic malpractice and frames it as a breach of academic integrity. The framework places a strong emphasis on prevention and education, backed up by robust and transparent procedures for detecting and punishing plagiarism. It is informed by a number of core pillars, including transparency, ownership, responsibility, academic integrity, compatibility with the institution's academic culture, focus on prevention and deterrence and support for and development of students' skills. The key criteria in evaluating the usefulness of such an institutional framework are transparency, appropriateness, fairness and consistency.     

Student Plagiarism in Universities: What are we Doing About it?

Student plagiarism subverts the system of course evaluation, debases qualifications and offends against academic integrity. Research findings from the U.S.A. and the U.K. indicate the widespread nature of student plagiarism in universities. Opportunities for plagiarism among university students appear to be on the increase but there is evidence to suggest that official policies, procedures and responses on the part of some universities and academic staff may be inconsistent and inequitable. Universities need to be more proactive in: developing strategies to raise student awareness of the unacceptability of student plagiarism; developing and enforcing policies aimed at controlling student plagiarism; and setting up programmes to promote academic integrity. A continuum consisting of seven plagiarism behaviours linked to a suggested set of procedures and penalties can be used by academic staff to classify instances of plagiarism and deal with individual cases in a fairer, more consistent manner.     

Back translation: an emerging sophisticated cyber strategy to subvert advances in ‘digital age’ plagiarism detection and prevention

Advances have been made in detecting and deterring the student plagiarism that has accompanied the uptake and development of the internet. Many authors from the late 1990s onwards grappled with plagiarism in the digital age, presenting articles that were provoking and established the foundation for strategies to address cyber plagiarism, including software such as Turnitin^TM. In the spirit of its predecessors, this article presents a new, less-detectable method of cyber-facilitated plagiarism known as ‘back translation’, where students are running text through language translation software to disguise the original source. This paper discusses how this plagiarism strategy attempts to subvert academic attempts to detect plagiarism and maintain academic integrity in the digital age, before presenting useful detection tools and then critiquing three classroom plagiarism management approaches for their usefulness in the current digital and educational context.     

学术不端的根源、成因及解决对策分析

高校学术不端问题近年来逐渐成为社会焦点问题。对于高校学术不端,主要体现在高校教师和研究生中,高校科研主体存在的学术不端主要体现在剽窃、篡改或伪造数据等方面。高校学术不端对国家创新进程的发展起到了一定的阻碍作用并对社会造成了极大的不良影响。探究高校学术不端的成因、分析其解决对策对当前高校科研发展具有重大意义。     

学术论文抄袭检测方法研究综述

从学术论文抄袭的现象和危害出发,分析归纳了学术论文抄袭的主要类型及形式。接着从论点抄袭、文本抄袭、算法与程序代码抄袭和图片与公式抄袭等几个方面,综述了近阶段所采用的主要抄袭检测方法。最后概述了解决论文抄袭检测问题的重要意义,并对如何防止学术论文抄袭提出建议。     

‘Thou shalt not plagiarise’: from self-reported views to recognition and avoidance of plagiarism

Throughout much of the literature on plagiarism in higher education, there is an implicit assumption that students who understand plagiarism, who have high ethical views and declare not to engage in plagiaristic behaviour are able to recognise it and avoid it in practice. Challenging this supposition, this paper contrasts students’ self-reported data with their ability to recognise and avoid plagiarism in a proposed case scenario. A questionnaire was adapted from previous literature and administered to a sample of undergraduate first- and second-year students in an Irish university. Results show that self-reported measures are not a powerful predictor of the students’ ability to recognise the practical case as an academic breach, nor to avoid the breach through referencing. This suggests that students’ understanding and awareness of academic breaches would benefit from experiential learning and that higher education institutions should not merely rely on providing statements and definitions of academic misconduct. Also, the results highlight the potential unsuitability of using self-reported measures to study plagiarism, despite their widespread use.     

In Other (People's) Words: Plagiarism by university students--literature and lessons

This paper reviews the literature on plagiarism by students, much of it based on North American experience, to discover what lessons it holds for institutional policy and practice within institutions of higher education in the UK. It explores seven themes: the meaning and context of plagiarism, the nature of plagiarism by students, how do students perceive plagiarism, how big a problem is student plagiarism, why do students cheat, what challenges are posed by digital plagiarism and is there a need to promote academic integrity? It is concluded that plagiarism is doubtless common and getting more so (particularly with increased access to digital sources, including the Internet), that there are multiple reasons why students plagiarise and that students often rationalise their cheating behaviour and downplay the importance of plagiarism by themselves and their peers. It is also concluded that there is a growing need for UK institutions to develop cohesive frameworks for dealing with student plagiarism that are based on prevention supported by robust detection and penalty systems that are transparent and applied consistently.     

Are we educating educators about academic integrity? A study of UK higher education textbooks

A substantial proportion of university students report committing plagiarism and related forms of misconduct. An academic integrity-focused approach to addressing plagiarism emphasises the promotion of positive values alongside education of staff and students about good, and bad, practice in writing, studying and assessment design. The concept was developed many years ago and is seen as desirable, yet it is not clear whether academic integrity features prominently in the education of academics themselves. We analysed source texts for postgraduate certificates in higher education (or equivalent) at UK universities. Overall, academic integrity was poorly addressed in these texts, and the language used (‘cheating’, ‘plagiarism’) was not reflective of an academic integrity-based approach. Newer issues, such as the purchasing of custom written assignments (contract cheating), were barely addressed. We conclude that the concept of academic integrity needs to be integrated into mainstream discourse around teaching in UK higher education.