面向学科战略规划的证据描述框架研究

学科战略规划是科技政策的重要组成部分,是科技情报工作的重要内容。在循证决策方法逐渐引起科技决策重视的背景下,将循证决策领域中证据的概念引入到学科战略规划制定流程,从决策的角度探讨学科战略规划所需证据的特征和类型,并进一步抽象出证据特征描述的框架元素,为支持学科战略规划的证据库建设提供元数据描述方案。     

The decisions and processes involved in a systematic search strategy: a hierarchical framework

Objective:The decisions and processes that may compose a systematic search strategy have not been formally identified and categorized. This study aimed to (1) identify all decisions that could be made and processes that could be used in a systematic search strategy and (2) create a hierarchical framework of those decisions and processes.Methods:The literature was searched for documents or guides on conducting a literature search for a systematic review or other evidence synthesis. The decisions or processes for locating studies were extracted from eligible documents and categorized into a structured hierarchical framework. Feedback from experts was sought to revise the framework. The framework was revised iteratively and tested using recently published literature on systematic searching.Results:Guidance documents were identified from expert organizations and a search of the literature and Internet. Data were extracted from 74 eligible documents to form the initial framework. The framework was revised based on feedback from 9 search experts and further review and testing by the authors. The hierarchical framework consists of 119 decisions or processes sorted into 17 categories and arranged under 5 topics. These topics are “Skill of the searcher,” “Selecting information to identify,” “Searching the literature electronically,” “Other ways to identify studies,” and “Updating the systematic review.”Conclusions:The work identifies and classifies the decisions and processes used in systematic searching. Future work can now focus on assessing and prioritizing research on the best methods for successfully identifying all eligible studies for a systematic review.     

构建数智时代社会记忆的多重证据参照体系:理论与实践探索

“社会记忆”理论为人文和社会学提供了新的视角,开辟了新领域,也对文化记忆机构（GLAMs）的理论和实践产生了深刻的影响。在由大数据、云计算、区块链、人工智能等新技术主导的数智时代,“数字记忆”成为社会记忆的新形态和新常态,数智技术将以记忆媒介作为研究证据的人文研究推向了“数字人文”时代,包括“数智证据”在内的“多重证据法”成为人文研究的新范式。文章通过梳理“社会记忆”理论的发展和对人文研究、文化记忆机构的影响,透视“数字记忆”的理论开拓和实践创新,分析“多重证据法”在数智时代的新内涵和对文化记忆机构提出的新需求,试图定义何为“数智证据”以及文化记忆机构如何构建数智时代的“多重证据参照体系”,来回应时代的呼唤,并进一步反思图书馆在其中的定位和责任。利用文献调研、需求分析、案例调研、实践验证等方法,突出“数智证据”作为数智时代数字人文研究范式对人文研究在理论和实践层面的重要贡献,并作出定义,同时构建了“多重证据参照体系”的技术框架,包括数据基础设施建设、算法基础设施建设和交流基础设施建设。以“上海记忆”为例,探索多重证据参照体系构建的方法和路径。从社会记忆的整体性、连续性和系统性来看,单个、单种文化记忆机构所保存和传播的文化记忆是不完整的、碎片化的,图书馆在作为“知识中介”提供服务的同时也不能忽略作为“记忆宫殿”的责任,而在借助数智技术将服务过程中的“交往记忆”固化为“文化记忆”方面,图书馆具有天然的优势。图5。参考文献39。     

EMBASE.com的检索特色

从收录范围、检索途径、标引深度和循证医学资料收集等方面,对EMBASE.com 4.0(荷兰《医学文摘》Web版)和PubMed进行对比分析。指出EMBASE.com 4.0对于检索药学和神经精神卫生文献具有一定优势,是医药学证据来源的必备检索工具。     

Afterglow: Conceptions of record and evidence in archival discourse

In the last ten years, influential voices within and on the periphery of the record keeping community have succeeded in establishing the preservation of “evidence” as the governing purpose of contemporary archival theory and methods development. Afterglow offers a critique of the concept of evidence in archival discourse. Its main contention is that one can put records into evidence; one cannot set out to put evidence into records. The argument rests on the following assertions: (1) current discussions of evidence rest on a blindness to certain contradictions embedded in claims that record keeping principally involves evidence keeping, or “evidence management”; (2) a politics of temporality, under which an interplay of disciplinary knowledge claims and professional interest is discernible, helps to account for the contemporary rhetoric describing the relationship between “record” and “evidence”, and (3) the late-twentieth century legal, political, and cultural climate, along with the technological environment, explain the increasing prominence of “evidence” in these knowledge claims and professional ambitions. The essay concludes with recommendations for addressing these issues. Thanks go to Terry Cook, Visiting Professor in the Archival Studies Programme, Department of History, University of Manitoba, and co-editor of this series of essays, for his close reading and detailed comments on this essay. Particularly invaluable was his knowledge of historical and contemporary archival thinking on the notion of evidence.     

WIPO可信数字证据服务的内容与特点剖析

[目的/意义] 旨在剖析WIPO可信数字证据服务的内容与特点,提出WIPO可信数字证据服务在数字版权保护方面的可行应用。[方法/过程] 采用文献调研法和网络调研法,回顾数字证据的相关研究进展并对其进行总结。进一步对WIPO可信数字证据的产生背景、发展历程、服务内涵、服务内容与服务特点进行梳理,提出WIPO可信数字证据在数字版权保护方面的可行应用。[结果/结论] 当前数字证据的研究主要集中在数字证据的概念辨析、特性分析、法律地位和相关法律制度、取证与保全问题等方面。WIPO可信数字证据服务具有权威的组织地位、可信赖的工作流程、稳定的技术支持和严格的管理政策与服务标准,可为数字作品创作过程提供可信时间戳数字证据、为数字作品绑定创作者身份、辅助科研人员和高校图书馆管理科学数据,以及帮助科研人员应对网络引用失效。     

The end of collecting: Towards a new purpose for archival appraisal

In this essay, the author ruminates on the relationship between collecting and archival appraisal. He argues that collecting does not necessarily equal appraisal, although society and even archivists value it as an important function. The author stresses that the critical need is for archivists to have a clear perspective, whether highly theoretical or immensely practical, of what it is they hope to accomplish in appraising and that they need to document this process so that future researchers and archivists can understand what archival appraisal meant. As it is, archives might become more valued as important cultural symbols than for the records they actually hold. The notion of an “end” of collecting is in the sense that collecting is appraising, but appraising elevated to a professional function requiring more care, deliberate thought, and self-evaluation.     

The relationship between national and institutional electronic library developments in the UK: An overview (1)

This paper describes the background, processes and outcomes of the European Commission funded EQUINOX project, which recommended a set of fourteen performance indicators for electronic library services. Each of the recommended indicators is described and the thinking behind them, together with issues raised during consultations with the library community in Europe, is explained. Finally, it is noted that further work will be needed to link performance indicators to new models of libraries which fully describe their roles and functions in a networked information world.     

网络入侵的取证分析及取证系统建模研究

针对目前的网络安全研究多着眼于入侵防犯,对于入侵后的取证问题研究甚少之情况,集中探讨计算机网络入侵的取证问题,分析电子证据的特点和过程,在此基础上建立网络入侵取证系统的结构模型,并对该系统的工作原理、实施步骤、模块划分及特点展开论述。     

电子文件的法律证据价值

当今社会,电子文件应用于生活的各个领域,在给人们带来便利的同时也带来困惑:一方面它使用方便快捷,实现信息共享;另一方面不够稳定(不稳定性主要来自信息内容、技术和保存利用环境三方面),凭证价值受到人们质疑,进而人们对其在法律方面的证据价值也产生怀疑。因此,电子文件的法律证据价值是一个值得探讨的问题。电子文件[1]electronic records指在数字设备及环境中生成,以数码形式存储于磁带、磁盘、光盘等载体,依赖计算机等数字设备阅读、处理,并可在通信网络上传送的文件。电子文件的法律证据价值主要是指电子文件在法律关系中的凭证作用…     

循证医学最佳二次文献及其检索

临床医生及卫生工作为了提高医疗质量和卫生服务水平，努力寻求有科学依据的献源。近年来，Cochrane Library，ACP Journal Club和Best Evidence等支持循证医学的新型献源被开发。献证据及其质量是循证医学的关键。本旨在介绍二次献证据的来源和如何检索，为医务工作的医学实践提供服务和帮助。     

EditorialEvidence based library and information practice

Whilst many of us engage in supporting clinicians in identifying, appraising and using evidence, how many of us adopt the same approach to our own work? A recent survey by the UK LIS Research Coalition indicated that 60% of respondents use research reports as a source of information whilst a similar proportion of health library respondents use professional events such as conferences as a source of information. This summer sees the 6^th International Evidence Based Library and Information Practice (EBLIP6) being held at the University of Salford, UK between 27^th‐30^th June which will go some way to satisfying this latter information need whilst the Health Information and Libraries Journal can help satisfy the need for research reports. Whatever you’re doing this summer, let’s make it evidence based.     

循证图书馆事业初探

循证图书馆事业是一个全新的理念,直接影响图书馆学的研究与图书馆事业的决策。本文探讨分析了循证图书馆事业的定义及对图书馆学研究和图书馆事业发展的现实意义和未来影响,并概述了循证图书馆事业证据级别。     

诉讼档案在诉讼证据中的法定适格性之理论探究

1.引言 诉讼档案,是国家重要的专业档案之一,是人民法院审判活动的真实记录,反映了人民法院贯彻执行党的路线、方针、政策和国家法律、法令情况以及人民法院的基本职能,是人民法院进行审判活动的重要依据和必要条件.     

论图书馆信息服务的有形展示策略

本文介绍了有形展示的内涵及类型，在此基础上论述了有形展示在图书馆信息服务中的作用，最后提出了图书馆有形展示的策略。     

Epistemic lenses and virtues,beyond evidence‐based medicine

This editorial is based on the keynote by Dr Mark Murphy, Department of General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland, at the Health Libraries Group conference, Keele University on 13–15 June 2018. https://bit.ly/2rubsIR#HLG2018     

循证医学与医学期刊的发展

阐明循证医学与医学期刊发展之间的紧密联系，为医学期刊如何实践循证医学提出了建议。     

医学编辑如何在循证医学实践中发挥作用

循证医学的实施,需要医学期刊提供高质量的临床研究证据,而我国医学期刊的学术质量现状不尽如人意,医学编辑可以通过循证思维能力的培养,对流行病学及统计学知识的掌握,提高对稿件学术质量的鉴审能力,并通过改革编审策略提高期刊质量,为循证医学的发展起推波助澜的作用.     

Dempster-Shafer Theory for a Query-Biased Combination of Evidence on the Web

This paper reports on a large-scale experiment for the evaluation of a formal query-biased combination of evidence mechanism. We use the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence to combine optimally results obtained by content and link analyses on the Web. The query-biased mechanism is based on the query scope, a measure of the query specificity. The query scope is defined using a probabilistic propagation mechanism on top of the hierarchical structure of concepts provided by WordNet. We use two standard Web test collections and two different link analysis approaches. The results show that the proposed approach could improve the retrieval effectiveness.