Translating Training in the NYU Caregiver Intervention in Australia: Maintaining Fidelity and Meeting Graduate Standards in an Online Continuing Professional Education Setting

The aim of this study was to develop an Internet-based self-directed training program for Australian healthcare workers to facilitate learning and competence in delivery of a proven intervention for caregivers of people with dementia: The New York University Caregiver Intervention (NYUCI). The NYUCI is a nonpharmacological, multicomponent intervention for spousal caregivers. It is aimed at maintaining well-being by increasing social support and decreasing family discord, thereby delaying or avoiding nursing home placement of the person with dementia. Training in the NYUCI in the United States has, until now, been conducted in person to trainee practitioners. The Internet-based intervention was developed simultaneously for trainees in the U.S. and Australia. In Australia, due to population geography, community healthcare workers, who provide support to older adult caregivers of people with dementia, live and work in many regional and rural areas. Therefore, it was especially important to have online training available to make it possible to realize the health and economic benefits of using an existing evidence-based intervention. This study aimed to transfer knowledge of training in, and delivery of, the NYUCI for an Australian context and consumers. This article details the considerations given to contextual differences and to learners’ skillset differences in translating the NYUCI for Australia.     

Environmental identity,pro-environmental behaviors,and civic engagement of volunteer stewards in Portland area parks

We conducted surveys of adults participating in municipally sponsored volunteer events in the Portland, OR metropolitan area in order to understand the range of attitudes and behaviors associated with volunteer work. We sampled 172 individuals in 18 events from February to June 2012. Principal components and factor analyses of survey responses identified three groups based on annual frequency of participation in stewardship events: first-time volunteers, mid-level volunteers (3–10 events per year), and frequent volunteers (>10 events per year). Our analyses revealed three main factors that explained the variation in survey response for the three volunteer groups: environmental identity, private pro-environmental behavior, and civic engagement. All three factors were positively correlated with frequency of participation in stewardship events, with the most frequent volunteers indicating the highest degree of attention to environmental issues, environmental identity, and self-reported pro-environmental behaviors. Frequent volunteers were more likely to feel personally attached to their local environment, believe that their efforts help solve environmental problems, and enjoy being part of community efforts. These results suggest that stewardship activities provide opportunities for volunteers to interact with others while working collectively toward restoring and maintaining parks, which may contribute to more resilient communities.     

Volunteer services for vulnerable families and at-risk elderly

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the volunteer with vulnerable populations, specifically, new parents and their infants and at-risk elderly. As demand for volunteer services increases due to budgetary and personnel reductions, a better understanding of volunteers as service providers is imperative. METHOD: A review of the literature related to volunteers who work with these two populations was conducted. Volunteer characteristics, roles, needs of populations served, recruitment, and training issues were addressed, specifically as they relate to the two populations. RESULTS: Studies indicate that the socio-demographic range of volunteers is wide, as are the motivations for volunteering. Similarities between the needs of new families and the elderly exist, and volunteers for both populations often provide supportive and pragmatic services. Volunteers for both populations are further challenged to maintain a client-focused intervention, a task which may be more difficult in the home. Training of volunteers was found to be both client and volunteer driven, with the needs of the population being served and the role of the volunteer within a specific service domain of prime importance. CONCLUSION: Similarities between infant and elder populations exist, as do volunteer interventions with these populations. A theoretical framework for defining motivation, designing need-based training, and addressing the role of volunteers is discussed. The use of volunteers as compassionate and cost-effective service providers for populations across the lifespan not only provides an increase in the number of skilled workers involved with these vulnerable populations, but also allows professional staff to expand the care which they are able to provide.     

Characteristics of volunteers and families in a neonatal home visitation project: the Kempe Community Caring Program

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to review literature related to home visitation support for new families using volunteer visitors and to describe characteristics of volunteers of the Kempe Community Caring Program, a home visitor support program for first time parents. Suggestions for effectively utilizing volunteers in family support programs are made. METHOD: Program data was collected and reviewed on 592 volunteer home visitors and the 1,144 families they served. Several evaluations and assessments were performed in order to attempt to measure the success of the intervention. Motivation for volunteering, longevity with program, and the extent of sociodemographic match between visitor and client were reviewed and discussed. RESULTS: Information on matched volunteer-client pairs was limited; however, speculations were made that neither motivation to participate nor sociodemographic match were critical factors in determining success of the intervention. Duration of volunteer participation was influenced by marital status, but not by age. Married volunteers stayed with the program significantly longer than unmarried volunteers. Low risk families demonstrated slightly improved confidence in parental function after receiving home visitation by a volunteer. CONCLUSION: This program suggests that new mothers may benefit from receiving the services of a volunteer home visitor; specifically, their confidence as parents and ability to establish positive relationships show slight improvement. Likewise, volunteers and families felt satisfied with the supportive relationships generated. In addition, a volunteer profile emerged which may be beneficial to similar programs' recruiting efforts.     

知识供应链管理在高校志愿服务工作中的运用

运用知识供应链管理理论,分析高校志愿服务工作在志愿者的培训、志愿服务活动的开展和活动成效三个方面的特征表现,提出高校志愿服务工作的立项应遵循互补性、双赢性、开放性、协同创新性的原则.根据高校志愿服务工作的知识供应链管理模式形成以学习与竞争为驱动机制、以交流与共享为运行机制、以主流价值观为引导机制的高校志愿服务工作长效机制总体模型,知识供应链管理的知识获取、共享、运用与创新贯穿在高校志愿服务工作中的志愿者培训、志愿服务活动立项、志愿服务活动开展与志愿服务成效评估中,以此实现高校志愿服务工作的长效化和不断创新.     

教师评价素养发展的国际化趋势

近几年,有关教师或管理者评价素养发展的项目愈来愈多.当前教育者将评价测量分为课堂评价和能力测评,但在这两个评价领域中所欠缺的评价素养知识却在不同程度上影响了教育质量.而评价素养是作为一名合格的教育者所必不可缺的条件,也成为现在和将来教师职业发展所努力的关键领域.因此,评价素养项目的提出者和设计者详细地列出教师必懂的十一条素养论题,以此来阐明教师评价素养的新发展、新趋势.     

体育赛事中大学生志愿者工作的展望

结合大学生志愿者参与大型体育赛事的意义,对大学生志愿者工作的优劣势进行分析,并根据存在的问题对大学生志愿者工作提出相关建议。     

How parental and school responses to choice policies reconfigure a rural education market in Victoria,Australia

Market principles now dominate the education and social policies of many Anglophone countries, including Australia, but articulate differentially within specific contexts. Existing historical legacies, local economic and social conditions, and geographical settings interact with federal and state funding and transport policies to shape the nature of regional education markets and the choices families make in a rural school market in Australia. Through two school case studies, this article explores the effects of policy shifts on parental choice and student movement within a regional Victorian community. Informed by policy sociology, the article views the policy as a dynamic, often ad hoc process with contradictory effects. It indicates how an ensemble of federal and state funding and conveyancing policies enable some schools to develop marketing practices that reconstruct the local education market to their advantage through the introduction of transport and flexi-boarding policies. It demonstrates that education markets are not confined to urban settings and that while choice is not a new phenomenon in this rural area, federal and state funding and transport policies have reconfigured local markets and intensified the market work undertaken by schools and parents with, in this instance, unequal effects on the provision of schooling in a rural region.     

构建大学生志愿者“善治”的路径选择

为了对大学生志愿者进行科学管理,根据善治理论,要合理满足与引导大学生志愿者的动机,培育国人志愿精神,及时公开与志愿者相关的信息,建立科学的志愿者绩效评估机制,高度重视志愿者对志愿服务管理过程的全程参与,为志愿活动提供法律保障,有效利用网络平台,建立区域性志愿组织服务中心.     

澳大利亚对华政策调整——对比分析2009及2013澳大利亚国防白皮书

2013年5月,澳大利亚公布了新的国防白皮书,其中最引人注目的是明确表示不再将中国视为"威胁",欢迎中国崛起。这与2009年澳大利亚国防白皮书形成鲜明对比,当时澳大利亚认为中国崛起可能构成对地区和平与安全的潜在威胁。澳大利亚对华政策的调整原因颇多,包括澳大利亚经济发展需要中国市场的支持、澳本国战略利益需要、澳民众对中国发展的认可,以及澳政府对过去、当前及未来外交实践的再反思和评估。     

Bifurcated commitment,priorities, and social contagion: the dynamics and correlates of volunteering within a university student population

In spite of a progressive institutionalisation of community‐based learning into higher education, relatively little is known about the actual dynamics and correlates of volunteering by students. The study presented seeks a more in‐depth understanding of the spontaneous, extracurricular involvement within a university student population. Data are drawn from a postal survey of a representative sample of third‐year university students enrolled at a Flemish university (n = 744). In a first step, an exploration of the course and nature of students’ volunteer involvement is provided. In a second step, an explanatory model is constructed to predict the likelihood of belonging to the categories of volunteers, former volunteers or non‐volunteers. Firstly, it appears that a large group of students drop out of volunteering in transition to university, and that volunteering is rarely given priority in students’ agenda. Furthermore, a bifurcated pattern of involvement with a different pace inside and outside university is identified. Finally, extensive embedding in a volunteer environment as well as the discipline of study are major predictors of volunteering by students. Gender, church practice, being encouraged to volunteer and subjective study pressure produce subsidiary effects.     

澳大利亚与军备控制、裁军和核不扩散机制

自联邦成立以来,澳大利亚政府始终将维护国家安全作为其外交和防务政策的重中之重。在依附于大国保护其安全的机制中,澳大利亚在军备控制、裁军和核不扩散政策方面是一个较为被动的旁观者。随着国力的增强以及国际局势的变化,澳大利亚希望多方位来实现国家安全,而建立全球和地区安全机制,是其外交努力追求的方向。澳方希望藉此来提高自身在国际政治舞台的地位及其影响,但它在这些领域的骑墙态度却影响了这一抱负的实现。     

A Case Study of the MBA Market in Western Australia

An earlier paper in this journal has discussed segmentation of the MBA student market, according to demographic criteria, based upon experience at the University of Western Australia. This follow-up paper uses the Western Australia market and particularly the University of Western Australia as a case example of the Australian MBA market. The paper provides an overview of current Australian MBA market conditions and discusses the history, competitive environment, structure, admission policy, tuition and financial aid of the University of Western Australia's MBA program.     

析澳大利亚政府对待土著人的政策：殖民，排除，同化，自治

澳大利亚政府制定和实施了许多不同的政策来处理土著人的问题。这些政策以对土著人殖民化开始,随后改变为对其排除,后又改为将其同化,最后以给予土著人自治权而结束。本论文介绍了土著人独特的文化;评述澳大利亚政府在不同时期对土著人采取的四种不同的政策,以及这些政策对土著人的影响;最后回顾土著人在争取平等权利过程中所做的努力并探究了他们现在所处的境况。     

Preparing novice principals in Australia and Turkey: How similar are their needs?

Part of a 13-nation, cross-cultural study of the extent to which principals perceive their pre-appointment experiences had prepared them for the job, the International Study of Principal Preparation (ISPP), this paper compares the responses of novice principals in Turkey and Western Australia. Using a survey based on data from case studies of principals in their first 3 years, the views of 50 Western Australian and 60 Turkish principals were examined in terms of the difficulty of the problems they faced and the extent to which they felt prepared for these problems. Responses were analysed by sex, qualification, age at appointment, school size, and school location. Respondents from both countries found that managing the budget and achieving work/life balance presented challenges for them while working with parents and acquiring adequate resources were not challenging. For Turkish respondents, building positive relationships with staff was more challenging than it was for the Australian respondents. Surprisingly respondents felt well prepared for the tasks they faced, with Australians, females, principals of small schools in rural and remote locations reporting significantly more positive views about their preparation than their counterparts.     

Academic Standards,Internationalisation, and the Discursive Construction of "The International Student"

The release in early 2001 of a study of Australian social science academics perceptions of the impact of commercialisation on academic freedom (Kayrooz, Kinnear & Preston, 2001) led to sustained public debate over the issue of academic standards and the internationalisation of higher education in Australia. This debate gave expression to growing disaffection amongst Australian academics with the pressures for increased com mercialisation and entrepreneurialism in their work. In this paper I use the tools provided through the work of Michel Foucault to critically examine the terms of the debate as it was conducted in the public arena. The purpose of this analysis is to explore the ways in which international students were represented in the discourses of academic standards, and the conflation of the alleged decline in academic standards with the internationalisation of higher education, and in particular, with the presence of international students on Australian campuses.     

Students with chronic health conditions,the law and education: a salutary lesson from Australia

Australia's legal and policy frameworks serve to exclude from education those children and young people who live with challenging and chronic health conditions. The Australian experience is detailed here because it offers insight for education systems of other nations into the consequences of systemic oversight and complicated legal requirements resulting in educational exclusion. Education systems in Australia have been left increasingly vulnerable to litigation by a failure to adequately address the education of these students. However, no specific exclusionary barriers or practices have been enacted – it is more a matter of neglect and oversight. This investigation also serves as a salutary warning for other nations about the significance of this expanding yet barely visible educational cohort. A recently completed study was designed to establish an empirical base about these students and their education because so little is known. The database project closely examined the international literature from a range of fields and a national database established by a philanthropic organisation that works closely with Australian paediatric hospitals. The purpose of this essay is to connect this recent investigation with the legal framework and policy silences to depict how education is not yet meeting the educational entitlements of this cohort of students.     

How can Korean older adults be encouraged to become more involved in volunteer activities?

ABSTRACT

This qualitative study explored how Korean older adults can be encouraged to become more involved in volunteer activities. The study utilized in-depth, face-to-face interviews with twelve practitioners in senior volunteering fields in South Korea. The themes were (a) helping seniors become involved in volunteer activities; (b) developing programs to satisfy both the demand for and the needs of senior volunteers; (c) leveraging volunteer groups with elderly group leaders; (d) providing financial support for the cost of volunteer activities; (e) preventing dropout through personal support and mediation; (f) empowering service recipients for recruitment through one-to-one contact; (g) establishing a dedicated volunteer manager for senior volunteers; and (h) cultivating a privately led organization dedicated to senior volunteering. The results are expected to promote volunteer involvement among older adults based on the experiences of practitioners and to provide practical educational implications for instructors teaching and equipping college/graduate students or field practitioners who are new to the older population.     

The Absence of Knowledge in Australian Curriculum Reforms

This article draws on a study of Australian curriculum shifts between 1975 and 2005 to take up two themes of this special issue: the question about what conceptions of knowledge are now at work; and the consideration of global influences and national specificities in the reformulations of curriculum. It discusses two important approaches to curriculum in Australia in recent times, the 'Statements and Profiles' activity of the early 1990s, and the 'Essential Learnings' formulations of the past decade. The global tendencies we see at work in these two major approaches are, first, an increasing emphasis on externally managing and auditing student progress as a key driver of how curriculum policies are being constructed; and, secondly, a growing emphasis on approaching curriculum aims in terms of what students should be able to do rather than what they should know. We argue that in the contexts we discuss here, these approaches offered a way of marrying 1970s progressive views on child development and knowledge-as-process (views widely held by influential curriculum professionals in Australia) with late 20^th century technologies of micro-management and instrumental agendas favoured by politicians — but that many questions about knowledge were left off the agenda.     

Aging,exercise and motivating engagement

Some older people describe learning to stay fit and healthy and exercise as a regular part of their lives. There is evidence that exercise is beneficial in terms of physical, psychological and social functioning in older adults. This paper is unique in that it is an analysis of the spontaneous discussion of exercise by older people as a priority in their lives. It also provides information about the kinds of exercise they choose. An online written data forum in Australia with responses from 103 people aged 50 to 92 years (F52, M 51) was analysed for all mention of exercise. The respondents were prompted to comment on sustainable lifestyles as they aged. Thirty per cent mentioned exercise as a priority in their lives. Activities included irregular exercise (11%) routine organised exercise such as golf or tennis (8%) and purposeful exercise such as regular gym attendance (11%), where the respondents explained why they needed to exercise. A few (7%) talked about the need to stay healthy without explaining how. Some (2%) described barriers and conditions that made exercise difficult. These figures for engaging in exercise are similar to those identified in 2018 by the Australian Institute for Health and Welfare. As evidenced by the literature in the area, lack of awareness of the specific benefits of exercise and barriers to exercise for older adults are not new problems. However, given the increase in the percentage of older people in the population and the demonstrated beneficial effects of exercise, it is worthwhile to document the motivation for exercise and engagement in older adults and to suggest strategies to increase their activity.