Undocumented Latino students pursuing degrees in STEM disciplines: Attitudes,perceptions, teacher support,and future views

If classrooms are being filled with undocumented Latino students, it is essential that teachers are trained on how to better serve this population, placing a particular focus on those students who have a passion for STEM disciplines, because the U.S. deserves a group of multilingual and multicultural student workers who will help America compete with innovators throughout the world. This mixed-methods convergent parallel study examined the primary variables that undocumented Latino students attending a DC public charter school face when choosing STEM studies or degrees. Data were obtained in order to further understand student attitudes towards STEM, positive and negative perceptions about life, support from teachers, and views of the future. Through this study, educators will be able to better assist undocumented Latino students in their pursuit of a STEM discipline.     

探析如何运用执法记录仪来提升消防监督执法成效

伴随着人类社会的连续发展,法律制度的不断完善,全民普法程度不断提高,依法维权方式日益多元化,因此对消防监督工作的条件和标准越来越严格,做好执法工作己显得尤为重要、紧迫和现实。大面积应用具备便携式高清音像性能的记录仪工具,是增强消防监督、约束执法方式,切实、确切记录执法情况的有效方式,为进一步树立消防监督部门严格规范、文明执法的良好形象,起到很大的帮助。     

Homophobia and university law enforcement students

There is little research on homophobia among university-level law enforcement students, nor strategies for teaching gay issues. This paper analyzes gay issues as provided in textbooks for law enforcement students, and homophobia among law enforcement students. A content analysis of textbooks reveals little treatment of gay issues or working with the gay community and the lack of attention is disparate with that granted other minorities. Measures of homophobia comparing law enforcement students with other students indicate that law enforcement students hold higher levels of homophobia.     

The forensic science needs of law enforcement applicants and recruits: A survey of Michigan law enforcement agencies

Many colleges and universities offer forensic science courses ranging from a single introductory class to majors. Previous research has not addressed how valuable these courses are to undergraduate criminal justice students who aspire to enter the law enforcement field. A random sample of law enforcement agencies in Michigan were surveyed. Seventy-eight percent of respondents agreed that knowledge of forensic science was important and 46% preferred that applicants have a forensic science background prior to hiring. The knowledge areas deemed most important were interviewing techniques, crime scene documentation, evidence collection, and latent fingerprint analysis.     

College majors and the knowledge content of jobs

College students select majors for a variety of reasons, including expected returns in the labor market. This paper demonstrates an empirical method linking a census of US degrees and fields of study with measures of the knowledge content of jobs. The study combines individual wage and employment data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) with ratings on 27 knowledge content areas from the Occupational Information Network (O^*NET), thus providing measures of the economy-wide knowledge content of jobs. Fields of study and corresponding BA degree data from the Digest of Education Statistics for 1976–1977 through 2001–2002 are linked to these 27 content areas. We find that the choice of college major is responsive to changes in the knowledge composition of jobs and, more problematically, the wage returns to types of knowledge. Women's degree responsiveness to knowledge content appears to be stronger than men's, but their response to wage returns is weak.     

Racial differences in attitudes toward aging,aging knowledge,and contact

The present study assessed knowledge of aging, attitudes toward aging, ageism, and contact with older adults in a sample of 271 Non-Hispanic White and African-American undergraduates. Research examining racial differences in knowledge of aging, attitudes toward aging, ageism, and contact with older adults has been sparse. Results for the current study demonstrated a significant correlation between knowledge of aging measured by the Facts on Aging Quiz-Revised (FAQ-R) and attitudes toward aging measured by the Aging Semantic Differential (ASD) for Non-Hispanic Whites but not African-Americans. In contrast, correlations between the FAQ-R and the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA) were significant for both groups. Significant group differences were also noted for the ASD-total score and ASD-Instrumentality subscale as well as for the FSA-total score, Antilocution, and Discrimination subscales. Discussion focuses on the importance of identifying cultural and contextual factors that have been neglected in the “one size fits all” approach to promoting more positive attitudes toward older adults across different racial and ethnic groups.     

Enhancing law enforcement identification and investigation of child maltreatment

OBJECTIVE: Data from two independent studies is presented, representing the investigators' ongoing work with faculty from a state criminal justice academy to analyze existing knowledge and skill levels among veteran law enforcement officers and recruits, as well as to enhance future training. METHOD: Through an anonymous questionnaire, the first of these studies examined officers' perceptions of maltreatment, including those factors that do and do not influence a determination of whether a particular act constitutes child maltreatment and assessments of whether particular acts constitute abuse or neglect. The second study also utilized an anonymous questionnaire to examine officers' knowledge of the developmental strengths and limitations of children relative to their ability to provide accurate information in suspected cases of child maltreatment. RESULTS: As hypothesized, several gaps both in law enforcement officers' knowledge of certain characteristics that can serve to denote a case of maltreatment and their knowledge of fundamental developmental issues and interview techniques that could assist them in the performance of their professional duties are identified. CONCLUSIONS: Suggestions for enhanced law enforcement training programs are presented and discussed.     

论档案行政执法监督

在阐述档案行政执法监督含义的基础上，着重论述了档案行政执法监督的作用和内容。     

论我国反垄断法执法机构的设置

本文认为,我国设置反垄断法的执法机构应当综合考虑反垄断法自身的特点及任务、现有相关机构设置及功能以及国外经验的比较借鉴等因素,建立一个专业、权威的反垄断执法机构,以保障我国反垄断法的有效实施。     

Gendered perceptions of typical engineers across specialties for engineering majors

Young women do not choose to be engineers nearly as often as young men, and they tend to cluster in particular specialties when they do. We examine these patterns and the role of gender schemas as applied to perceptions of typical engineers in understanding the choices that women make in terms of engineering specialties. We use Part 1 of two waves of survey data collected from first-year engineering students at a large Midwestern university in the fall of 2014. Respondents scored typical engineers on 60 items from the Bem Sex-Role Inventory [Bem, S. L. 1974. “The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 42: 155–162]. Preliminary results show that women consider the typical engineer to be more masculine compared to the impressions gathered from men. Additionally, engineering gender schemas predict some specialty areas but not all, suggesting that gendered perceptions may not affect choice of specialty. Our results provide insight into the decisions that women make once entering engineering.     

Generational differences in online safety perceptions,knowledge, and practices

ABSTRACT

As Internet usage has proliferated in recent years so have online security threats. Internet users are increasingly susceptible to online security threats. Using a qualitative approach, this study conducted 18 focus groups to examine how three different generations perceive online safety, use coping strategies, and protect themselves online: Silent and GI generation (SGI) (born 1945 or earlier), older Baby Boomers (1946–1954), and Millennials (1977–1992). Results show that although each generation shares a variety of online safety concerns, SGIs and Boomers are more suspicious about online security, have less confidence in their abilities, are uncertain about the effectiveness of protection resources, perform fewer protection behaviors, and are more likely to rely on others’ assistance compared to the Millennial group. Our findings indicate online safety training is needed for all three generations, but especially for older adults. Tailored approaches are suggested to reach different generations.     

排球裁判执法能力的决策研究

裁判工作是排球竞赛活动不可缺少的组成部分.本文通过调查法以参加2007年夏季排球裁判员培训全体学员为对象,对影响我国排球国家级及国际级裁判执法能力因素进行深入的分析.     

我国政法机关在执法时凸现的弊端与解决对策

我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家,实行人民民主专政符合国家的根本利益和要求。社会主义法治国家必须把党的领导、人民民主和严格执法办事三者结合起来,这就要求我们牢固树立社会主义法治理念,加强党的政法队伍建设;做到依法治国同社会主义精神文明建设紧密结合,同步推进,保障我国特色社会主义建设的伟大事业顺利发展。     

试论我国行政执法文化建设

在社会主义文化大繁荣、大发展的历史背景下,建设行政执法文化有利于建立执法者所共同信仰、遵守和共同拥护、执行的执法理念及执法价值观,维护社会的和谐发展和法律的公平正义。现代行政执法是在责任型政府领导下以"民本位"为核心的效率性、有限性、参与性执法,加强行政执法文化建设应当从处于中心地位的精神文化建设、处于中层地位的制度文化建设以及占重要组成部分的物质文化建设三方面着力,协同推进,唯此才能保证其全面健康发展。     

Orthographic knowledge: clarifications,challenges, and future directions

Orthographic knowledge is the understanding of how spoken language is represented in print. However, the terms used to describe the two levels of orthographic knowledge, lexical and sublexical orthographic knowledge, have been variably defined and inconsistently measured, potentially contributing to discrepancies in research findings. Dissimilarities in how orthographic knowledge has been operationally defined and measured and the associated differences in tasks used to assess that construct are discussed. As part of that discussion, we relate how some measures assess either implicit or more explicit levels of orthographic knowledge. Using current theories and the existing research, we next provide an argument for how initial development of sublexical orthographic knowledge occurs before lexical orthographic knowledge. Suggestions are provided for what researchers might do in the future to help move the field toward a better understanding of orthographic knowledge. Strategies for assessing orthographic knowledge in literacy research are offered.

     

Abusive head trauma in Maine infants: medical,child protective,and law enforcement analysis

OBJECTIVE: To collect and compare the results of medical, child protective, and law enforcement evaluation of a sample of Maine children who were victims of abusive head trauma (AHT) in order to describe the clinical and evaluative characteristics as they relate to victims, families and perpetrators of such trauma and to improve the professional response to AHT in Maine.METHOD: Retrospective chart review of medical, child protective, and law enforcement records of all AHT victims admitted to two tertiary care hospitals in Maine or seen by the state medical examiner from 1991 to 1994.RESULTS: Nineteen children (age range 2 weeks to 17 months) were identified as victims of AHT (out of a total of 94 head trauma admissions) accounting for 20 hospitalizations during the study period. There was a history of prior injury in 30%, history of prior medical evaluations for possibly abuse related problems in 65%, while, on presentation, 75% had evidence or history of prior injury. The hospitals notified child protective services (CPS) in all 20 cases and correctly identified abuse in 18 (90%). Parental risk factors for abuse identified in CPS records included substance abuse (53%), domestic violence (42%), criminal history (32%), unrealistic expectations (42%), and attachment problems (32%). However, risk factors were inadequately assessed in 53% of homes. Law enforcement identified a likely perpetrator in 79% of cases and in the majority the identified suspect was the father. In the 15 cases where a perpetrator was identified by law enforcement, that person was alone with the child at symptom onset in 14 (93%).CONCLUSIONS: The medical response, at least at the inpatient level, was generally well done with regard to suspicion and reporting. Cases are possibly being missed at the outpatient level. Child protective risk assessment was limited overall yet in a third of the homes where AHT occurred, few if any risk factors were present to aid in identification and prevention. Law enforcement results suggest that a primary suspect for AHT is the caretaker alone with the child at the time of symptom onset.     

Generational differences in knowledge,recognition, and perceptions of elder abuse reporting

This study investigated the extent to which age, knowledge, attitudes toward aging, and perceptions of elder abuse influence elder abuse reporting trends. Using hypothetical scenarios, facts on elder abuse, reporting barriers, ageist attitudes, and other measures, survey data were collected from university students and elderly attendees at multiple senior centers. There were no generational differences in the cumulative rating severity score across all scenarios. However, students were more likely to report the abusive behavior to authorities. Abuse knowledge, recognition and severity, ageist attitudes, and perceived barriers were significantly correlated with a higher reporting score. Although students viewed financial exploration and self-neglect as less serious, when it came to physical and sexual abuse the decision to report to the authorities was comparable for the two groups. For both age groups, the unclear and inconsistent definitions of elder abuse and lack of sufficient proof were considered the major barriers to consistent reporting protocols. Compared to students, seniors were more likely to think reporting an abusive situation would only make things worse and, as a result, favored keeping the abuse private among family members. The majority of seniors also felt others in their own age group would deny the abuse if reported.     

School psychology and issues of sexual orientation: Attitudes,beliefs, and knowledge

The purpose of this study was to investigate school psychologists' attitudes toward lesbians and gay males. Aspects of school psychologists' knowledge, beliefs, current practices, and levels of preparedness related to issues of sexual orientation were also explored. A sample of 288 school psychologists (215 females and 73 males, mean age = 44 years) who were members of NASP participated in this study. Participants completed research packets containing a hypothetical case analogue vignette and three questionnaires querying their attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge about issues of sexual orientation. The results indicated school psychologists endorse relatively positive attitudes toward lesbians and gay males, report low‐to‐moderate levels of knowledge about lesbian and gay male issues, are willing to address lesbian and gay male issues on the job, are generally aware of how such issues impact schools, and are inadequately prepared to deal with lesbian and gay male issues. These findings are discussed in relation to their impact on the field and the implications for graduate training. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 201–210, 2004.