Influences of Writing Tasks on Students' Answers to Recall and Higher-Level Test Questions

This paper reports on two inter-related studies that examined the use of non-traditional writing strategies within secondary school science classrooms. The first study involved Year 10 students who incorporated one letter writing experience into the learning sequence when studying genetics. The second study was with Year 9 students who used both a non-traditional laboratory writing heuristic and letter writing as part of the learning sequence when studying a topic on light. The same teacher was involved in both case studies. A higher-level analogy question was added to the teacher-prepared tests for each study to examine if students who participated in writing-to-learn activities were able to perform significantly better as a group than a group of students who completed traditional teacher directed laboratory activities and note-taking. Results indicate that for the first study there was not a significant difference using t-test analysis, while for the second study involving two writing treatments there was a statistically significant difference using t-test analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in responses between treatment and control groups when answering low level recall questions for either case study. Student interviews indicated awareness by students of the metacognitive value gained by using the non-traditional writing types.     

The Effects of Biofeedback and Relaxation Training on Memory Tasks Among Hyperactive Boys

This study examined the effects of biofeedback and relaxation training on memory tasks among 48 hyperactive boys randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions for three treatment sessions. Results indicated that subjects exposed to the biofeedback and relaxation training achieved higher scores on memory tasks compared to controls.     

加工负荷和加工时间对工作记忆广度任务成绩的影响

以大连市某小学40名五年级学生为被试,通过改变加工负荷和加工时间,考察了加工负荷和加工时间对工作记忆广度任务成绩的影响。结果表明,加工负荷和加工时间对工作记忆广度任务成绩有重要影响,加工负荷越高,被试的工作记忆广度任务成绩越低;加工时间越长,被试的工作记忆广度任务成绩越高。     

Problem-Centered Supplemental Instruction in Biology: Influence on Content Recall,Content Understanding,and Problem Solving Ability

To address the need for effective, efficient ways to apply active learning in undergraduate biology courses, in this paper, we propose a problem-centered approach that utilizes supplemental web-based instructional materials based on principles of active learning. We compared two supplementary web-based modules using active learning strategies: the first used Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction as a framework for organizing multiple active learning strategies; the second used a traditional web-based approach. Results indicated that (a) the First Principles group gained significantly from pretest to posttest at the Remember level (t(40) = ?1.432, p = 0.08, ES = 0.4) and at the Problem Solving level (U = 142.5, N1 = 21, N2 = 21, p = .02, ES = 0.7) and (b) the Traditional group gained significantly from pretest to posttest at the Remember level (t(36) = 1.762, p = 0.043, ES = 0.6). Those in the First Principles group were significantly more likely than the traditional group to be confident in their ability to solve problems in the future (χ² (2, N = 40) = 3.585, p = 0.09).     

身份认同、文化记忆与客家文化产业发展

客家文化产业发展至今已经初具规模,已经形成了以客家旅游休闲娱乐产业为主体,客家影视文化产业、客家新闻出版产业、客家元素的创意产业等为辅助的综合性文化产业。其中,尤以梅州客天下、成都洛带镇、永定土楼群等为代表。但是客家文化产业同时也面临着文化要素提炼不足,文化记忆缺失严重,客家人身份认同减弱等诸多问题。此外,创意生态的先天不足也制约着客家文化产业的发展。如何解决这些问题,找出一条适合客家文化产业发展的战略与路径则变得尤为重要。     

柔性透明导电ZnO基薄膜的制备及其发展前景

随着电子器件向小型化和轻便化方向发展,柔性衬底的透明导电薄膜将成为硬质衬底透明导电薄膜的更新换代产品,柔性透明导电薄膜ZnO具有优异的光电性能且资源丰富、成本低、对环境无污染,成为当前的研究热点.总结了近年来对柔性衬底材料处理的方法,分析了柔性透明导电薄膜的研究历史和现状.综述了柔性透明导电ZnO膜的主要制备技术及其优缺点,阐述了当前该领域的最新研究成果及应用,并讨论了工业应用对柔性透明导电膜的性能要求及其未来发展趋势.     

人参皂苷对衰老大鼠学习记忆和脑单胺类神经递质的影响

目的:观察人参皂苷对D-半乳糖(D-gal)致衰老大鼠学习记忆和脑单胺类神经递质的影响。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组,衰老组,人参皂苷低(50 mg/kg)、高剂量组(100 mg/kg),每组10只,制备D-gal亚急性衰老大鼠模型,采用自主活动仪记录法、Morris水迷宫法、穿梭箱法检测各组大鼠的自主活动和空间学习记忆能力;采用高效液相色谱-电化学法检测各组大鼠海马、下丘脑单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型组干预后大鼠自主活动次数显著减少(P<0.01),大鼠水迷宫探索路径、搜台潜伏期、平均潜伏期、进入错误区及电击时间延长(P<0.01),遭受电击次数显著增加(P<0.01),海马及下丘脑NE、DA、5-HT含量均显著降低(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,人参皂苷低、高剂量组大鼠自主活动次数明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),探索路径和搜台潜伏期、平均潜伏期、进入错误区及电击时间显著缩短(P<0.05,P<0.01),遭受电击次数明显减少(P<0.05,P<0.01),海马及下丘脑NE、DA、5-HT含量均明显升高。结论:人参皂苷具有改善衰老大鼠的空间记忆能力,提高大鼠脑组织中单胺类神经递质含量,进而延缓脑衰老进程的作用。     

Development of the ability to use recall to guide action, as indicated by infants' performance on AB

25 infants were tested every 2 weeks on the AB Object Permanence Task devised by Piaget, from the age when they first reached for a hidden object until they were 12 months. The delay between hiding and retrieval necessary to produce the AB error increased continuously throughout this period at an average rate of 2 sec/month, from under 2 sec at 7 1/2 months to over 10 sec by 12 months. All children displayed the AB error repeatedly over the months of testing. Large between-children differences in delay needed for the AB error were found at each age. Girls tolerated longer delays than boys. The characteristic pattern to the AB error did not vary over age or sex. Range of delay producing the AB error in any child was small. Errors disappeared when delays were reduced by 2-3 sec, and reaching became random or severely perseverative when delays were increased 2-3 sec above the level producing AB error. AB provides an index of the ability to carry out an intention based on stored information despite a conflicting habitual tendency.     

牛磺酸锌对慢性染汞大鼠、小鼠学习记忆的影响

目的:探讨牛磺酸锌(TZC)拮抗汞对神经系统的损害作用.方法:选用健康Wistar大鼠64只,昆明种小鼠60只分别随机分组,对照组、染汞组、汞+TZC组,大鼠采用Y迷宫,小鼠采用穿梭实验,观察染汞组和不同浓度TZC组的鼠学习记忆能力的变化.结果:汞可导致大鼠学习记忆能力下降(P<0.05),不同浓度的TZC均可缓解汞致大鼠学习记忆能力下降(P<0.05).结论:TZC在一定程度上能拮抗汞对神经系统毒性作用.     

Attention,Working Memory,and Long-Term Memory in Multimedia Learning: An Integrated Perspective Based on Process Models of Working Memory

Cognitive models of multimedia learning such as the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (Mayer 2009) or the Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller 1999) are based on different cognitive models of working memory (e.g., Baddeley 1986) and long-term memory. The current paper describes a working memory model that has recently gained popularity in basic research: the embedded-processes model (Cowan 1999). The embedded-processes model argues that working memory is not a separate cognitive system but is the activated part of long-term memory. A subset of activated long-term memory is assumed to be particularly highlighted and is termed the “focus of attention.” This model thus integrates working memory, long-term memory, and (voluntary and involuntary) attention, and referring to it within multimedia models provides the opportunity to model all these learning-relevant cognitive processes and systems in a unitary way. We make suggestions for incorporating this model into theories of multimedia learning. On this basis, one cannot only reinterpret crucial phenomena in multimedia learning that are attributed to working memory (the split-attention effect, the modality effect, the coherence effect, the signaling effect, the redundancy effect, and the expertise reversal effect) but also derive new predictions.     

高职英语阅读教学与学生批判性思维的培养

本文探讨了批判性思维和批判性阅读的涵义,培养大学生批判性思维的必要性及如何在英语阅读教．学中通过批判性阅读训练培养学生的批判性思维能力。     

在数学教育活动中玩具及操作性学习方式与幼儿创新能力发展关系的实验研究

幼儿对客观材料的操作是他们思维运算的关键,数理逻辑经验是在动手操作中形成的。那么提供什么样的操作材料才能引发幼儿的主动性、探索性和创造性的操作?采取什么样的操作方式才能帮助幼儿感知理解数量关系,促进知识的迁移,激发幼儿的学习兴趣,发展幼儿的创新能力?本文对这个问题进行了较为深入的研究。     

基于知识 能力 素质协调发展的考核模式研究——谈高职英语课程考核

目前,大多数高职院校在英语课程考核模式上存在诸多问题,影响人才培养质量的提高。基于知识、能力、素质协调发展的考核方法要求高职英语应该坚持知识考试与能力考核相结合,并且以能力考核为主;应结合专业特点,变＂终结性考核＂为＂素质性考核＂;应采用项目考核方法,加强对综合能力和职业素养的考核;应采用学校学业考试和外部认证相结合的考核模式;还要正确处理好教学和考试之间的关系。     

任务、学习者互动和二语习得

从认知角度和社会文化角度综述学习者互动和二语习得之间关系的研究,讨论各种类型的交际任务在互动和习得研究中的作用,提出今后互动和习得的研究应采用更宽泛的角度,将语言因素和社会因素综合起来考虑。     

论加强党的执政能力与科学发展观

十六届四中全会通过了《中共中央关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定》,把“加强党的执政能力建设”明确为对全党的要求。加强党的执政能力是中国共产党人求真务实,保持党的先进性的重要体现。在新形势下,树立和落实科学发展观,坚持立党为公,执政为民,将对把我党建设成为始终做到“三个代表”,永远保持先进性,经得住各种风浪考验的马克思主义执政党产生重大而深远的意义。     

妇女经济参与、能力建设与当代中国社会发展

解放和发展妇女生产力是一项重要的战略任务,从男女交融的视角来探讨女性及当代社会发展问题,确立妇女与社会同步发展的理念,促使社会改变不利于妇女发展的思想观念和社会环境,推动以人的自由、平等和全面发展为目标的可持续发展战略的实现。妇女发展必须确立“能力本位”的发展观,把妇女能力建设作为生产力发展的新途径,以有利于妇女创新能力建设为标志进行社会思想观念创新,信息网络拓宽女性经济参与的影响和路径。     

新阶段电大发展动力、任务与实现路径探讨

电大发展具有阶段性,各阶段任务目标不尽相同,但满足国家要求和学习者需求始终是电大发展核心和根本动力,处理好三者关系是发挥好电大社会属性和市场属性的关键。当前,针对电大发展存在的困难,其解决问题的路径在于,适应新阶段国家发展目标任务要求和学习者需求,调整电大基本构架关系和平台形式,拓展办学职能,强化服务功能,转变发展方式,通过构架的调整,实现政府统筹、学校办学、社会参与、学习者选择的关系和职能。     

陇南市学前教育现状分析及发展对策

近年来,在政府及社会力量的支持下,甘肃省陇南市的学前教育在硬件建设、师资配备等方面取得了长足的发展,但在学前教育的质量、内涵建设等方面还存在很大的发展空间。在对当前陇南市基层学前教育现状进行问卷调查和实际调研的基础上,深入分析了陇南市当前学前教育发展的特点和存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了发展建议,以期对地方学前教育的进一步发展提供可资借鉴的依据。     

陇南市学前教育现状分析及发展对策

近年来,在政府及社会力量的支持下,甘肃省陇南市的学前教育在硬件建设、师资配备等方面取得了长足的发展,但在学前教育的质量、内涵建设等方面还存在很大的发展空间。在对当前陇南市基层学前教育现状进行问卷调查和实际调研的基础上,深入分析了陇南市当前学前教育发展的特点和存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了发展建议,以期对地方学前教育的进一步发展提供可资借鉴的依据。